WORLD MILK DAY PUALIN

World Milk Day hi Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) bultumin kum 2001 aṭang khan khawvel pumpuiah June ni 1-ah hman ṭan a ni. WMD denchhen hian zirna hmun hrang hrang School, College, University leh Office-ah te, Quiz te, thupui neia sawiho (group discussion) te, essay inziahsiak te leh thil hrang hrang te tiin he WMD hi hman ṭhin a ni. India ram pawhin WMD bakah National Milk Day hi 26th November-ah a hmang ṭhin a, he ni hi Dr Verghes Kurien a pian champha hriat reng nana hman ṭhin a ni.

WMD hman chhan leh a tum bulpui ber chu mi tin ten bawnghnute kan hnianghnar a, taksa hrisel nan te, chak nan te leh ṭhan len nan bawnghnute leh bawnghnute aṭanga siam chhuah eitur chi hrang hrang (dahi, lassi, vur, paneer, butter leh a dangte) kan ei leh kan in zel theihna tur atan infuih leh inzirtirna ni atan hman a ni.

Bawnghnute thianghlim
Bawnghnute hi mihring tana chaw ṭha leh tlawm si, taksa tihrisel a, tichaktu chaw ṭha a ni. Bawnghnute thianghlim chu ‘ran hrisel ṭha tak hnute aṭanga sawr chhuah ngei, bel/ bucket fai taka dah, bal leh thovin a bawm loh, chaw ṭha (nutrients) a nihna tur anga tel kim si, rim thiang tak nei, natna hrikin a pawlh buai loh mihring tana ei/in tlaka thianghlim’ a ni. (Bawngpuiin no a neih hma ni 15 leh a neih hnu ni 5 tiam lohin).

Heng bakah hian bawnghnuteah hian chaw ṭha tinreng vitamins - Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12 te, Minerals chi hrang hrang - Calcium, Iron, Iodine, Magnesium, Zinc, Phosphorous, Potassium te, Folates, Protein te leh thau ṭha (healthy fat) te a awm a, heng chaw ṭha zawng zawng hi a hriselin kan taksa tan a ṭangkai hle. Mithiamten ‘khawvel pum huapa chaw ṭha’ ‘Global Food for the people’ an lo ti hial a ni.

India ram dinhmun
Tun dinhmunah India ram hi khawvela bawnghnute thar chhuak tam ber - pakhatna niin kum 2016 -2017 chhungin vaibelchhe 16, maktaduai 5, leh nuai 4 tons (NDDB) a thar a; khawvela bawnghnute thar chhuah 18.5% (2016 News18.com) a ni. Kum 2024 ah phei chuan vaibelchhe 300 tons thar chhuah a tum.

Tun dinhmunah India mi pakhat zel tan bawnghnute hi 355 grams/ ni khat awm anga chhut a ni (per capita availability - 355 grams/day). Kum 2017-18 a India ram state hrang hranga bawnghnute thar chhuak hnem lar zual 5 te chu- Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat leh Andhra Pradesh te an ni.

Mizoram dinhmun
Kum 2016 -17 chhungin Mizoramin bawnghnute 24,159 tons a thar chhuak a (Economic Survey of Mizoram). Nitin bawnghnute 20,000 litres a thar chhuak; mi pakhat zel tan bawnghnute hi 54 grams/ ni khat anga chhut a ni. ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) chuan nitin mi pakhatin bawnghnute 240gram a ei/in tur a ni a ti.

Bawnghnute sawngbawlna leh bawng­hnute aṭanga thar chhuah ei tur chi hrang hrang te hi Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah awm tawhin : MULCO Aizawl, CHAMUL Champhai, KOMUL Kolasib te an ni.

Bawnghnute chu...
Natna hrik laka fihlim mihring tana intlak, chhuanso ṭhat a, rei tak dah theih a ni tur a ni. Man man tak, hmun hla taka phurh pawha chhe mai mai lo, ei tur dang (bawnghnute aṭanga ei tur chi) siam leh nan a hmantlak a ni tur a ni.

Natna awm thei te
Bawnghnute-a chaw ṭha awm te hi natna hrik tan pawha chaw ṭha tho an nih avangin bawnghnute tho hi natna hrik te pawn an bawm duh bik. Natna langsar zualte chu - Tuberculosis, Anthrax, Brucellosis, Compy­lobacteriosis, Diptheria, Listeriosis, Sal­monellosis, Shigellosis, Streptococosis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, Yersiniosis leh a dangte. Bawng hnute na kan tih mai - Mastitis hi natna chi hrang hrang Staphy­lococcus spp te, Streptococcus te, Esherichia coli te, Klebsiella spp., Entero­bacter spp., Citro­bacter spp..te leh a dangten an thlen a ni.

Bawnghnute thianghlim neih dan
Ran in leh a vel vawn fai: Ranin chu fai a, ran ek leh zun te ni tin uluk taka then fai a, tui luankawr/ tui chhe paihna te, eng leh boruak thianghlim luhna ṭha a awm tur a ni. Bawnghnute sawr hma in bawnghnute sawrna tur chhuatte chu fai taka phiah tur a ni a, a ro ṭha tur a ni. Thil rim na leh rim nei chi reng reng bawng hnute sawr laiin kawl tur a ni lo.

Ran: Bawngpui chu a hrisel tur a ni. Natna, a bik takin TB, Brucellosis, FMD (kut leh ka na), Anthrax leh natna dang lakah te pawh a fihlim tur a ni.

Ran damlo hnute chu fimkhur taka (a hlangin) sawr a, paih tur a ni. Bawngpui chu fai taka kan enkawlin, a bikin a hnute bawr vela a hmul sei deuh te chu tan (cut) ṭhin a, a hmul thi te khuih fai ṭhin bawk tur a ni. A hnute bu chu a hnute sawr hmain fai taka sil a, hruk ro ṭhin ni se. Tui sen (potassium permanganate solution) pawlh dalin a hnute sil nan a hman theih bawk. Hnute sawr laiin bawng chu kan ti chiai tur a ni lo. Damdawi (antibiotics) a enkawl lai hnute te chu sawr a, paih tur, mihring tan in/ ei a hrisel lo.

Bawnghnute sawrtu (milkers)
Bawnghnute sawrtu (milker) chu a hriselin a kut tin chu bul leh fai tak a ni tur a ni. Hnute sawr hmain fai takin kut a silin, thawmhnaw fai a inbel bawk tur a ni. A sam a tlak loh nan lukhum khumin, bawnghnute sawr laiin zuk leh hmuam a ti tur a ni lo. Hahchiau leh khuh a insum bawk tur a ni. Bawnghnute sawr hmasak/far hmasa a kut tihhuh a sawr ṭhin hi tih reng reng loh tur a ni.

Bawnghnute sawrtu (milkers) hi a theih hram chuan a ngai hman tur a ni; milker thlak thlak hian a hnute bu an khawih dan a inang lo a, hnute hawtir tam lamah nghawng a nei thei.

Bawnghnute sawr hunbi (milking routine)
Hunbi nei thlapin hnute sawr tur a ni a. Hnute sawr laiin hnim (roughage) pek loh tur. No chawm lai chu an hnute hnek tir phawt a pawi lo. Hnute chu sil fai a, minute chanve chhung tal hnute hmur hmet kualin, sawr chauh tur. Bawnghnute ṭha lo chu paih a, chhuata luan tir loh hram ni se. Bawnghnute bura sawr nghal a ṭha ber. Bawnghnute sawrtu chuan a kut bal chu bawng taksa emaw ama taksaah pawh nise tah/ hruk loh tur a ni. Hnute sawr zawhah a hnute hmur chu antiseptic solution-ah chiah a fai taka hruk hul leh tur a ni.

Bawnghnute sawrna bungbel
Bawnghnute sawrna bungbel chu bel ṭha, tuiek lo a ni tur a ni. Bel inzawmna nei thuk a ni tur a ni lo a, a pang pawh a theih anga mam a ni tur a ni. Bawnghnute sawr zawhah kan silfai leh tur a ni a, khup hul a, hmun fai leh thianghlim, vaivut, sazu leh rannung dangin an tihbalh theih lohna hmunah dah tur a ni a, a ro hunah a chhin kan vuah leh thlap tur a ni.

Bawnghnute sawr dawn minute 15 vel ala awmin bur te chu tui fai takin sil ṭhin tur a ni. Bawnghnute chhun sawn dawnin puan fai/a fethlitna hman ngei tur a ni a. Bawnghnute bur chu hmun vawt, ni-in a chhun theih lohnaah kan dah bawk tur a ni. Bawnghnute te hmun hla taka phurh an nih dawn chuan cooler hman ngei a him ber.

Bawnghnute sawr dan
Kut zungṭang zawng zawng hmang a bawnghnute hi sawr ṭhin tur a ni a, kut zungpui leh kut zungṭang ṭhenkhat chauh hman hi a him lo fo, hnute pan (mastitis) a thlen thei. Bawnghnute sawr hian 5–8 minutes vel a awh tur a ni a, he mi chhung hian sawr zawh hman tur a ni. Bawnghnute sawr chhuah hmasak tlemte chu paih phal hram tur a ni. A chhan chu bawng hnute hmur vela natna hrik awmte kha bawnghnuteah a lo kal tel palh awlsam bik hle a ni. Bawnghnute bu a hnute awm te chu sawr chhuah vek tur a ni a, hnute bang awm hian natna (mastitis) a thlen duh hle. Hunbi nei thlapa bawnghnute te hi exam ṭhin tur a ni a, a chiang lo deuh a ngaihte chu enkawl thuai tur a ni.

Bawng hriselna lam
Hunbi nei thlapin an hriselna kan en ṭhin tur a ni. Damlo leh chiang lo deuha ngaihte chu a rang lama enkawl nghal vat ṭhin tur a ni.

Bawnghnute dah that leh phurh kual
Bawnghnute sawr hlim chu bungbel fai leh thianghlim takah chhin thlapin kan dah tur a ni a, hmun vawt leh hlimah bel chu kan dah tur a ni. Chiller a bawnghnute dah nghal hi bawnghnute a chhe har a, chiller a awm loh pawn bawnghnute vawn ṭhat nan lactoperoxidase te pawh a hman theih bawk. Puan fai leh thianghlim takin kan bawnghnute te chu kan thli ṭhin tur a ni a, puan chu fai taka su in kan pho ro leh tur a ni.

Bawnghnute kan phurh kual velna bel pawh chu fai tak a ni tur a ni. Bawnghnute hi phurh rei lutuk leh phurh chet nasat lutuk hian a rim a ti chhe thei hle bawk. A theih hram chuan cold-chain hman hram a ṭha.

Bawnghnute tihthianghlim dan
Bawnghnute hi ṭha takin kan chhuang so ṭhin tur a ni. 63oC ah 30 minutes (Vat Pasteurization) emaw 72oC ah 15 minutes (High temperature short time Pasteurization - HTST) ah kan chhuang so ṭhin tur a ni. Heng ang mei sa hian natna hrik chi hrang hrang te chu a tihlum vek dawn a ni.

Hriat tur pawimawh te chu - Hun bi nei thlapa ran hriselna enfiah a, a hri danna (vaccination) mumal leh hun bi tak neih hi a ni. Veterinary first-aid te thingtlang kilkhawr zawka bawng vulhna hmunah te a awm reng tur a ni. Bawnghnute chhunna hmun (milk collection centres) hi bawng vulhtute tana awlsam leh hnaiah a awm bawk tur a ni. Bawnghnute hralh te, bawnghnute aṭanga thil dang siam chhuah (by-products) zawng zawng te hi Milk Producer Organisation hian bawng vulhtute tana hlawk thei tur ang berin ruahmanna fel fai tak a nei tur a ni.

Bawnghnute thianghlim leh ṭha thar chhuah dan mipuite hrilh hriat ‘extension edu­cation’ hi a pawimawh hle. Hei hian bawngin vawnfai te, ran hrisel ṭha neih leh bawnghnute thianghlim leh ṭha neih a hlawk­zia a huam tel vek. Thingtlang kilkhawr leh hmun kil deuha bawng vulhtu tena an lo hriat zel atana kan thil hriatte inhrilh chhawn zel hi bawnghnute ṭha leh thianghlim kan lo neih theih nana kan tihmakmawh a ni.

I lo hrisel zawk nan, a tam thei ang ber bawnghnute in ṭhin ang che.

- Dr. Lalnuntluangi Hmar, Dr. Lallawmzuali Ralte leh Dr. Joy Lalmuanpuia, College of Veterinary Sciences & A.H. Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram