Vanglaini (19/05/2018) article tuihnihna

Pu Chuauṭhuama khan, "Mafaa'n 'khaw' nge' a tih hi hetiang tur em ni dawn? 'Khawnge!' emaw, 'Khawinge!' emaw hi thil tih sawi dawna ṭanlakna ṭawngkam a ni a; khaw dawta apostrophe (') dah hi a kalhmang tur emaw ni le," a ti a. Ngawi rengin, "Ni e," ka ti a.

Tun hma, tun hma tak tak kha chuan hawrawp kaih tawi (contraction)-ah hian hawrawp ban lantirna apostrophe (') an dah ngai lo a. Hun bul aṭanga an lo dah loh ṭhan avanga chutianga ti ta zel mai an nih a rinawm.

Bible-ah pawh contraction pakhat mah an hmang lo. A chhan nia lang chu, contraction hi formal a ni lo a, Bible chu lehkhabuah pawh a hlu ber a nih avangin hawrawp kaih tawih an hman kha a mawi lo emaw a ni ang a. Hawrawp kaih tawi ni reng si kha, kaih tawi ni lo awm takin, apostrophe tel loin, thumal pangngai angin an chhawm lut hmiah hmiah niin a lang. Tun laiah chuan chutiang chu a dik lo tih kan hre tawh na a; hman lai ziah dan kal san kan la harsat hle.

Khawnge leh khaw’ nge
A khai! A thui lutuk dawn. "Nge" hi sawi hmasa ang. Tun hma khan zawhnaa kan hman tel 'nge' tih leh 'nge' dang te pawh a ni ang, a hmaa thu nen an ziah zawm zel a; hetiang hian: engnge, khawnge, tunge, engtinnge.

Tunah chuan "nge" hi thumal hran pa a ni tih kan hre tawh a. A hmaa thumal nen kan ziah zawm tawh ngai lo, ti ila, ka uar deuh. A hmaa thu nen ziah zawm loh tur a ni a; chutiang chu MLC duh dan a nih bakah Bible chhut ṭhat (lehlin ṭhat ni lo)-ah pawh an hman dan a ni vek tawh.

'Chuan, "khaw" ve thung hi, ṭanlakna ṭawngkam a ni emaw, thusawi ṭanna ṭawngkam a ni emaw, zawhna ṭawngkam pawh ni ta se, amaha thumal awm ve reng nge "khawi" tih lam kim loh ni zawk ang? Lam kim loh, tih ṭhan tak avanga "khaw" tih rem ta riau a nih chuan hawrawp ban ṭhen (chu chu "i") chhinchhiahna hman tur a ni a, /khaw’/ tih tur a ni. "Khawi" tih lam kim loh a nih lem loh chuan - khawnge leh khawinge hi thil chi hrang ve hrim hrim a nih chuan - "khaw" tih hi apostrophe tel loa ziah tur a ni ang a; "khawnge" tia thumal pakhata ziah tur erawh a ni lo.

Zawhna ṭawngkam zawk hi sawi tel leh law law ila. Zawhnaah hian "Khawnge?" tih kan nei leh a. He ṭawngkama "khaw" tih hi "khawiah" tih lam kim loh a ni em? "Khawiahnge?" tih ṭawngkam hi eng emaw changa kan lam kim peih loh avanga "Khaw' nge?" ti ta kan nih chuan hawrawp kim lo ("iah") a awm avangin apostrophe dah ngei ngei tur niin a lang.

Chutiang a nih loha "khaw" tih thumal hi zawhna ṭawngkama a awm ve hranpa hrim hrim a nih chuan "Khawnge?" tia ziah a dik ang; "Khawnge" tia thumal pakhat anga ziah erawh a dik lo; a hman lai tawh.

Hlel chungchang
"Dikhlel tih hi dik mai hmel a pu a, mah se 'hlel' hi thumal hran, 'ni lo deuh, ni chiah lo, dik chiah lo,' sawina a ni a; chuvangin 'dik-hlel' tia ziah a dik zawk ang," tih kan hmu leh a. Ni e, 'hlel' chungchang hi chu, Bible-ah hian thlahlel, ringhlel leh nghakhlel (leh a modify - thlakhlelh, rinhlelh, nghahlelh) kan hmu a; hemi pathum bak hi Bible-ah a awm lo a ni awm e.

Heng thumal pathum tih loha 'hlel' lo tel reng reng hi chu adverb niin a lang a, ziah hran zel tur a ni ang. Ziaktu lar, JF Laldailova leh James Dokhuma te pahnih hian hlel hi an uar zual deuhin ka hria, a rem leh rem loah pawh hlel an rawlh zel ni tein ka hmu. A chunga kan han tar lan takte khi chu an 'hlel' dan a dang hret a; hlel dang awmna nen khaikhin hleih theih a ni lo. Dikhlel chu dik chiah lo, felhlel chu fel chiah lo a ni mai. Hetiang hian negation hna hi 'hlel' hian a thawk a; ‘lo’ tih te, ‘nem’ tih te, ‘nang’ tih te nen huang khata tlain, a hmaa thu nen ziah zawm loh chi a ni. A chunga thumal pathumah khi chuan chutiang hna a thawk ve lo niin a lang.

Nghakhlel hi 'nghak chiah lo' a ni ve thei lo; a nghakhlel thei lo thung a ni maithei. Thlahlel - 'thla chiah lo' a ni lo. Ringhlel - ring chiah lo a kawh ve theih rualin ring tihna pawh a ni thei. "Nizanah kan ṭhenawm te dawr misualin an rawk a; Rina saw an ringhleld euh a ni awm e," ti ta ila, an ring chu a ni leh lawi si. Hemi thumal pathum, Bible-a awm bakah hian ‘hlel’ awmna chi dang, hmanhlel tih hi a la awm leh a. Hmanhlel pawh hi ‘hman chiah lo, hman meuh lo' a ni ve lo; a hman lo a ni tawp. He ‘hlel’ awmna thumal pali hi a thumal danga ‘hlel’ awmna nen chuan hrut rual mai a rem lo deuh.

Hetiang leh hetiang

Hetiang tih hi tunhma aṭanga thumal pakhata hman char char ṭhin a nih avangin hetia ziah pum mai hi ngaihhnathiam a ni a, a dika pawm a ni. Chutih rualin "ang" tih hi aeng road-ah mah suffix a nih si loh avangin, ziah dan dik tak chu "hetiang" tih a ni reng thung. A dik zawk leh a dik lo zawk sawi a rem lo. Hetiang tih ang bawk hian khatiang, sawtiang, hetiang, khutiang, chutiang leh khiti ang te pawh khimi style ang khian hrût rual tur tih hre nghal ang aw.

He’ng...
Hei hi, he thil hi, a awm lo. 'Hetiang' hi kan kai tawi ngai lo a; "he'ng" tih hi eng kaih tawimah a ni lo. A chunga kan sawi tak ang khan "he'ng" tih kan sawi rual hian kha'ng, chu'ng, khi'ng, khu'ng, saw'ng tih vel hi kan sawi tel nghal tih hriat a ṭha.

Heng
Hei hi pakhat aia tam sawina a ni a, eng lam tawi mah a ni lo a, eng thumal kaih tawi mah a ni lo. A singular form chu "he" a ni a; hetiang hian en chhin ang aw,

He nu hi a tukkhum a hmanlai.
(Hmeichhe pakhat sawina a ni.)
He khua hi a va fai e aw.
(Khaw pahnih a ni lo, khaw pakhat a ni.)
Hengnu ho hi an tukkhum a hmanlai.

(Hengtiang hi plural pronoun a ni. Hetiang tih emaw, hetiang tih emaw kaih tawia ang thei lek lekna a, a nisi lo.)

Hetiang (‘hetiang’ tih hi type tel duah zel lo mai ang,) tih hian plural emaw, singular emaw a kawk ve lem lo a. A thu, a ṭawngkama zirin singular emaw, plural emaw a ni mai ang. “Heng" tih ve thung erawh hi chu singular-ah a hman theih bau loh; plural a kawk nga rngarmai.

Khitiang chiah khian hêng: sawng, chung, khang, khing leh khung tih te hi pakhat aia tam sawinaa hman ngei ngei ṭhin a ni; thil pakhat lek sawinaah chuan hman a rem lo. Plural problem vanga apostrophe thlenga kan fawm khawm takah chuan tiin ka rawn ‘Kapernaum to Kalvari’ ve leh a ni e.

"Khawi lam mi nge hmanah hêng hi?"

- Rempuia R. Lutmang