‘MIZO’ TIH LEH ‘MIZO HNAHTHLAK’ TIH HI

Mi ṭhenkhat chuan ‘Mizo’ tih hi hming thar, naupang deuh niin an sawi ṭhin a. 'Mizo hnahthlak’ tih pawh hre thiam chiah lo an awm bawk. Kan zir chian ve dan tawi deuhin sawi ila.

Mizo ziaktu hmasate sawi dan kan tarlang hmasa ang a. Kan thlir dan kan sawi nghal thung ang a. An zahawm hle hlawm a, mahse sawisel duh hrim hrim vang ni loin, hmasawn tum vang leh chhui dan thar kan tarlan duh vang a ni tih chhiartuten min lo hriatsak kan duh hle a ni.

Ziaktu hmasate ziak dan leh phuah dante sawi ila. Pu K. Zawla (1902-1994) chuan, “Keimah Mizo pa, phulraw chawia sa tin kap a, tiin hla a phuah a, ‘Zomi’ tih leh ‘Mizo’ tih a lar ṭan ta hle a, heta ṭang hian ‘Mizo’ tih hi a lo chhuak ta niin upaten an ring,” (Mizo Pi Pute leh An Thlahte Chanchin, 1989 chhut 5-na, pg. 17; chhut 1-na, 1964-ah chuan he thu hi a tel lo).

He thu hi pi pute Len tlang vela an chan lai niin a ziak a. Chuti a nih chuan kum 1450-1700 AD vel a ni mai thei a. Heng hun lai hi chuan pi pute kha ‘Lusei’ tia hriat an ni ber a, Paite leh Ralte unaute chuan ‘Duhlian’ tiin an ko awm e.

A hun lai leh Mizo history kal zel nen kan chhutin ‘Mizo’ tih invuah nan a hmâ lutukin a lang a, a ziaktu hi zahawm hle mah se pawm a har deuh a ni.

Pu Zatluanga (1904-1977) chuan, “Thân tlang dunga an awm lai hian hnam hmingah ‘Duhlian’ an pu a. Irrawady lui phaizawla awmte khan Thân tlang zoa awmho chu ‘Zoho khi an tih ṭhin avangin ‘Mizo’ ho tia koh an ni ta,” tiin a ziak a (Mizo Chanchin, 1966, pg.1). A lehkhabu dangah chuan, “Thân tlang zoah an kai chho va. Chuta kai lo Kawl zawla awmte chuan ‘Zoho’ khi tih leh ‘Zomi’ tih ṭawngkamah an hmang tawh ṭhin a... nikhua alo reiah ‘Mizo’ tihah a lo inlet ta a ni,” tiin a ziak bawk (Mizo Chanchin Bu Hnuhnung, 2003, pg. 24).

Thân tlang vela pi pute awm lai niin a ziak a, chuti a nih chuan kum 1250-1400 AD vel a ni awm e. A ziak hmasa zawk anga ‘Irrawady’ phaizawl leh Thân tlang hi inhlat tak, inhmu pha lo ve ve a ni hrim hrim a. Chuvangin, pawm chi a ni lo. A ziah hnuhnunga ‘Kawl zawla awmte’ a tih hi tunlaia ‘Kawlphai’ (Kabaw valley) niin a lang a. Heta ṭang hian pi pute kha an aia tam leh chak zawk Shan ho nawr chhuah avanga a rem rem inkawpa hmanhmawh taka chhuak an niin a lang a. Hei pawh hi pawm a har hle. Pu K. Zawla leh Pu Za­tluanga ten ‘Zomi’ an tih Paite unauten anmahni an inkoh dan a ni.

Mak angreng tak mai chu, Lallula (1730-1807?) chuan kum 1855 vel khan Run kama Siakeng ho hlawhtling takin a run a, hlaah phuahin, ‘Zo khaw val hnamchen kan chawi’ a ti a. Kum 1860 velah Zopuia Thlanrawn a rawt chiam tum pawhin, ‘Ka Zo khua hi dem lo u,’ tiin a phuah bawk a. He hlaa ‘Zo’ a tih hi ‘Mizo’ tih hlaa a rem zawk nana hmangah miin dah se la, innghahna mumal deuh leh awmze neia hnial thei an awm ang em? tia ngaihtuah theih ve tak a ni awm e.

Tin, Sailam lal Bengkhuaia (1830-1879) Pasalṭhate chuan kum 1871 bul lamah Silchar bul Alexandrapur an run a, a tawi zawngin, Sap naupang kum ruk mi Mary Winchester an man a, Sailamah hruaiin kum khat dawn lai a tâng a, a hmingah ZOLUTI an sa a, ‘Mizote zinga luti’ tihna niin a lang.

Lallula leh Bengkhuaia te hunlai khan mipui zingah anmahni insawi nan ‘Mizo’ tih hi a tlanglawn thawkhatah dah ila, a sual lutuk awm lo ve. Pastor Vanchhunga, kum 1875-a piang chuan, “Upate thu chu lehkha nei lovin bengin kum 1891-1895 kar hi ka ngaithla a... upaho chuan, ‘keini Mizo’ tiin an ṭawng ṭhin,” a ti (Lusei leh An Vela Hnam Dangte Chanchin, 1955, pg. i).

Mizorama chanchinbu hmasa ber, kutziaka kum 1898-a chhuah chu “Mizo Chanchin Laishuih” vuah a ni a. Press-a chhut bu mala chhuak hmasa ber kum 1885-a mi chu ‘Mi-zo Zir Bu’ vuah a ni a; he bu hi chu kan la hmu zo lo. Kan hmuh theih zinga hlui ber ‘Mizo Zir Tir Bu’ Shillong,’ 1899 bu chhungah ‘Mizo’ tih leh ‘Mizo ram’ tih a awm nual (he bu hi London aṭangin Rev. Dr. Lawmsanga, ATC-in min rawn hawn a ni a, ka lawm hle). Kum 1902 November aṭanga Aizawl Bawrhsap office-in a chhuah pawh ‘Mizo leh Vai Chanchin’ vuah a ni a, hetah phei hi chuan ‘Mizo' tih an hmang ṭhahnem tawh viau.

Saikuti (1830-1921) hlaah chuan:
Inzuat sual e chhuahtlang thinglenbuang,
Par a chhuang e ‘Mizo’ lû ngenin;
tih a awm a (Selṭhuama : Saikuti Chanchin, 1964, pg. 4). Hei hi umzui hlek ila. He hla hi Thingsai kai hlimah tlangvalhoin kawtchhuah an vai eng a, thingkung pakhat chu ‘Mi lu khai nan’ tiin an zuah a. An khai ta bawk si lo a. Chu chu Saikutin hlaah a phuah ta a, tlangvalho phei chu an lawm lo hlein an sawi.

Pu K. Pakunga chuan Thingsai khaw thar kai hi kum 1883, in 100 vel niin Thingsai Sovenir-ah a ziak a. Chutiang hun leh in 100 vel chuan ‘Mizo’ hi an ep ngam ang em tih hi ngaihtuah tham tak a ni awm e. Mizoram Bawrhsap hmasa ber R.B. McCabe chuan kum 1890-1892 chhunga Mizoram khaw hrang hrang a fanin in awm zat a chhinchhiah zel a, chutih laia khaw lian zual pathumte chu, Liankhama khua Zawlnghak in 825, Kalkhama khua Sentlang in 800 leh Pawibawiha khua Khawruhlian in 712 an ni a.

Sailo ṭhut khua ‘Mizo’ te hi in 100 emaw chauh Fanai unaute hian an ep ngam ang em? Hla phuah khum ngam a ni ang em? tih hi ngaihtuah tham tak a tling a. A thuhrimin Sailo leh Fanai te hi inkawmngeih tak, indo ngai lo an ni a. Khawchhak lam leh Sailote an indo pawha tuilairap ṭhin an ni nghe nghe. Chuvangin keini chuan, ziaktu hmasa hi a zah awm hle na a, an lachhawng sual niin kan ring a. Zofate zinga chi tlem, âwm ném zawk ‘Bawmzo’ sawina niin, a hla pawh hi:
Insuat zual e chhuahtlang thinglenbuang,
Par a chhuang e, ‘Bawmzo’ ku ngenin;
tih zawk turah kan dah a. Hetiang hi thil awm dan a nih avangin, Mizo hla hluia ‘Mizo’ tih lanna hmasaah Saikuti zai dah hi a fuh lem lo a, a him chiah lo ve kan ti deuh a ni.

Hnam dangin an ziakte lo en ve leh ila. Thangliana (T.H. Lewin) a lehkhabuah, Chittagong Hill Tract-a awmte chuan ‘Dzo’ an inti tiin a ziak a (Progressive Colloguial Excercises in the Lushai Dialect, 1874, 1984 reprint, pg. 2). Heta ‘Dzo’ a tih hi, a vela awmte chu ‘Phai mi’ (plane people) vek an ni a; keini erawh chu hmun zo, tlangrama cheng (hill people) kan ni an intihna a ni ang em tih hi ngaihtuah tham ve tak a ni awm e.

Mizoram Bawrhsap hmasa R.B. McCabe-a chuan, “Anmahni chuan Mizo or Mizau an inti,” tiin kum 1892 khan a lo ziak tawh a. Hei hi ‘Mizo’ ti faka ziak hmasa ber a ni maithei, a chhinchhiah tlak hle. Tin, Major Shakespear-a pawhin kum 1898 khan, Mi-zo leh Vai Thon Thu a chhuah bawk.

Hengte hi kum 1900 hmaa ‘Mizo’ tih ziak leh hla hluia lang ṭhenkhatte a ni a, duh tawk rih mai ila. Heng aṭang hian ‘Mizo’ tih hi a naupan lem lohzia a chiang tawk awm e. ‘Mizo’ tih hming a lo lar dan leh he hminga mipui an hmin duak chhan tawi deuhin i lo sawi teh ang.

Zosapthara (Edwin Rowland 1867-1939) chuan kum 1903 khan hla ṭha tak, Mizote hriat reng tur a phuah a :
Mizo kan ni lawm ilain,
Kan hnam ṭhatna thu zawng zelin;
Thil ṭhain kan ram timawiin,
Mizo lawm teh u!
a ti thlap a. Mizorama Krismas lawmna hmasa ber, kum 1903-ah Mission Venga tel ve Upa D. Thianga (1884-1980) sawi dan chuan, “Zaipawl kan awm a, tlangvalho chu Pu Dalan a ho va, tleirawlho chu Chhingan a ho va, naupangho chu Thangan a ho va, ‘Mizo kan ni lawm ilangin’ tih hla kha inel nan kan hmang a, Pu Dala hoten lawmman a la ...” a ti a (Zothankunga : Upa D. Thianga Chanchin Lak Tawi, 2016, pg. 11). He hla hi Bu-Lai II, 1909-ah a solfa telh thlap nghe nghe; chu lehkhabu chu Pawl 4 zirlai a ni. Zosapthara hi ‘Mizo’ tih hming phuahtu chu a ni hauh lo a, hnam pum huap hming atan hmang tlanglawntu leh tilartu pawimawh tak a ni ti ila, a sual awm lo ve.

‘Mizo’ tiha mipui hmin chakzia leh inlumleh hma dan hi a mak zawk a, thu ziak vang te, hla vang te leh Politics vangte a nih thu hetah hi chuan kan sawi hman lo ang a. Chhiarpui awm dan aṭangin i lo en mai ang u. Kum 1901-ah Mizoramah mihring 78,478 an awm a, Mizo inti an la awm lo a; 1961-ah mihring 220,766 an awm a, chung zingah chuan 213,061 chuan Mizo an inti tawh a, chu chu 96% lai a tling a, 1981-ah chuan 92.07% a tling. Language of Atlas of India, 1991 kan en chuan, Manipur, Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland leh Tripura-a Mizo hnahthlak 53.05% chuan Mizo ṭawng an hmang bawk tih kan hmu a. Hetiang khawp hian Mizo ṭawng hi a darh zauin a hmangtu an pung hle a ni.

Mizo hnahthlak chungchang hi tlemin i lo umzui teh ang. He ṭawngkam hi Manipur, Tripura leh Myanmar-a Zofa chi peng leh chi te peng (sub-clan, sub-sub-clan) unau ṭhenkhatin an hrethiam lo deuhin a lang a, kei tak ngial pawh hian Telephone-a zawhna ka dawng a; ler deuh bika dahna leh inngaihna an nei niin a lang.

Mizo ṭawng hi a mak angreng hle a, kan lam rik dan leh thluk dan hian awmzia a nei thui hle a, a lan dan ang ngawt bak hriatthiam leh zirchian a pawimawh khawp mai. Entirna tlem tarlang ila : ‘Hmeichhia’ tih hian ‘hmei a kara a chhia lehnghal’ tih a kawk lo a. ‘Pasal’ tih hian ‘Pa ni bawk, sal ni bawk,’ tih a kawk bawk lo a. ‘Makpa’ tih hian ‘hnawl hnu, mipa’ tih a kawk hek lo. Hniam takah awm mah se ‘sakhi’ a ni tho a, sâng takah awm mah se ‘sazuk’ a ni tho bawk a, a ngil thei ang berin kham mah se ‘khanchhuk’ vuah tho a ni.

Han chhiara a thluk dan hian awmzia a nei thui hle. Entirnan : ‘A uiré’ tihah hian ‘ré’ hi lam sân a nih chuan hmeichhia a kawk a, ‘ré’ tih hi lam rik hniam chuan mipa a kâwk mauh thung. Tunlai hian chhuan thar hla phuahtu ṭhenkhatin hman dan thar an nei a, “Mi tawnah thlangkhuan lo dim mah la,’ tih te, ‘Ṭhang an lo thar zel a,’ tih leh a dangte kan ngaithla ṭhin a, a dik lo tihsak a har viau. Hetiang hian ṭawng hi a inher thei tih erawh hriatthiam a ṭul awm e.

‘Hnahthlak’ tih hi Pu Buanga Dictionary chuan ‘Descendants’ a ti a, chu chu ‘thlah, thlah kal zel’ tihna a ni a. Pu K. Zawla pawhin ‘Ralte hnahthlak’ tih a hmang a. Pu Lalhmuaka pawhin ‘Lusei hnahthlak’ a ti ve bawk a. Pu James Dokhuma pawhin ‘Lusei thlahte’ a tih mai bawk a. Pu Hrangthiaiva pawhin ‘Hmar hnahthlak’ tih ve leh bawk a. Tu man hriatthiam lohah an la lo niin a lang a, anmahniho ngei pawhin an pawm a tih theih a ni.

Hetianga ṭhenkhatin an hriatthiam loh chhan chu, thingkung nen khaikhinin an mitthla vang niin a lang a. Thing kung chu a kungpui, a zâr, a péng, a ṭang leh a hnahte a awma ang hian suangtuahin, ler ta riau nia an inhriat vang a ni awm e. Chutiang ni loin, ‘thlah, thlah kal zel’ a nih zawk zia pawm ila, a dik ber a; Ralte hnahthlak, Lusei hnahthlak, Hmar hnahthlak tihte kan hriatthiam a, kan pawm theih chuan ‘Mizo hnahthlak’ tih pawh hi pawm thlap ve ngei tur a tih theih a. Mizo ṭawng kalhmang tlem deuh entirna nen kan tarlang ang khan, a lan dan ang ngawt ni loa a phena awmzia a neih dan a pawimawhzia kha chian a ṭul em em a ni.

Tv. Lalsangluaia Renthlei chuan:
Thlang Sappui lânu ka thlang nem le,
Thlang Kawrvai lanu ka ngai bil lo;
Lianchhiar sakhmel iang zozam par mawi te,
Zohnahthlak lanu, nang ngei hi ka thlang ber che.
a lo ti hi zaah zain kan pawmpui thlap a ni.
A sei ta deuh a, a tlang lo kawm dawn tawh ila, ‘Mizo’ tih hi mipui an hmanna a rei hle a, kum 170 vel daih tawhah khan an hmang awm e, kum 1952-a District Council neih aṭang chauhin a ni lo tihah chiang ila. ‘Mizo hnahthlak’ tihah pawh hian a bul leh a ler tu mah an awm chuang lo a, Zofate zawng zawng huap leh huan a ni e kan ti a ni.

- B. Lalthangliana, Chhinga Veng