KUHVA TAWLH RUKA SUM-DAWNNA HI RAM TAN A PAWI

India ram hi khawvela kuhva thar chhuak hnem ber leh eitu tam berna ram a ni a. Khawvela kuhva thar chhuah zaa 54 hi India ram aṭanga thar chhuah a ni; mihring maktaduai 10 chuangin eizawnnan an hmang bawk. Kuhva thar chhuak tam ram dangte chu Myanmar, Indonesia, Bangladesh leh Taiwan te an ni.

India ramah Karnataka state-in a thar chhuak hnem ber a, India ram chhunga thar chhuah zaa 63 vel thar ang a ni. Kerala leh Assam te hian an thar chhuak tam bawk a, state pathum thar chhuah zaa 88.59 lai a tling. Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu leh West Bengal te pawhin an ching ve bawk.

Hripui leng avangin India ram chhungah kuhva tawlh ruk a tlahniam a, kuhva hralhna a ṭha a, kuhva chingtuten te an hlim hle niin chanchinbu lamten an ziak. Central Arecanut and Cocoa Marketing and Processing Cooperative Ltd (CAMPCO) hian South India lamah kuhva lei leh hralh an buaipui a, Mangalore-ah hmunpui neiin, India ram state hrang hrangah an inzarpharh a, lo neituten an ṭangkaipui hle.

India hian Indonesia leh Sri Lanka aṭangin kuhva a la lut ber a. Indonesia hi khawvela kuhva rah thawn chhuak tam ber ram a ni a, kuhva thar chhuak tam ram pathumna a ni bawk. India ram chhunga kuhva tawlhruk hi Indonesia ram aṭanga lokal a ni ber a, Maharastra khawpui pakhat Nagpur hi kuhva tawlhruka sumdawnna hmunpui a ni. Nagpur aṭang hian state dangah an thawn darh a, kuhva ro hi Pan Masala leh Gutkha siamnan an hmang ber.

Sawrkar laipui policy

Kuhva tawlh ruk hi India rama kuhva chingtuten an tuar a, sawrkarin chhiah namen loa hloh phah bawk avangin sawrkar laipui chuan kuhva tawlh ruk a bo theih nan ruahmanna mumal tak a siam a. Kum 2007 (July) lam daih tawh­ah khan Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) chuan ram dang aṭanga kuhva lak luh nan Mangalore Port chauh a phal a. Nepal aṭanga lak luh pawh kum 2013 khan a titawp a, Myanmar aṭanga lak luh pawh kum 2018 khan a khap ve leh bawk.

Kum 2018 khan sawrkar laipui chuan kuhva lak luhna man (Minimum Import Price) Rs 251-ah a tihsang a, chhiah chawi tur zat (import duty) pawh zaa za (100%) a ni. Hei hi Basic Custom duty tih a ni. Hei bakah ‘landing charge’ leh chhiah baka chawi belh (cess/ surcharge) pek a ngai bawk. Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSAI) pawh kuhva lak luh a thianghlim em? tih ngun taka endik ṭhin tura hriattir an ni a, Bureau of Indian Standards-te kuhva lak luh him chin ‘standard’ siam tura ngen an ni bawk.

Kuhva lak luh te hi SAARC ram chhung ngei aṭanga thar chhuah a nih leh nih loh (rule of origin) fiah zel turin Finance Minis­try pawh ngen an ni.

Chhiah ngaihhna­thiamna tel lovin kuhva hi dan ang thlap a lak luh ni ta se, July 6, 2019 a Custom duty ang chuan kuhva man hetiang hi a ni ang. Kuhva man (cost, insurance & freight) Rs 251 bakah landing charge (1%) Rs 2.51 lak a ni phawt ang. Kuhva kg khat man chu Rs 253.51 a ni ang a, hei hi ‘assessed value’ tih a ni. ‘Assessed value’ aṭangin Basic Custom duty (100%) Rs 253.51 leh Social Welfare Surcharge (10%) Rs 25.351 lak tel tur a ni bawk. Tichuan kuhva kg khat lak luh nana custom duty pek ngai zat chu Rs 276.86 a ni. Kuhva kg khat lak luhna man chu Rs 530.33 lai a tling a ni. GST 5% pek tur a ni la ni bawk.

Kuhva lak luhna man hi bazar rate aia a san daih avangin dan ang taka sumdawnna tlak a ni lo.

Buaina bul

Kum 2006 khan SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) ram te chuan zalen taka insumdawntawnna thu­thlung ‘South Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA)’ an ziak a, hei hi kuhva tawlh ruk a hluar ṭanna pakhat a ni.

SAARC ram te hi India, Bang­ladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan leh Sri Lanka te an ni a. Myan­mar ram hi SAARC ram zingah a tel ve lo.

SAFTA inremna ang chuan member ram aṭanga thil siam leh thar chhuah te chu chhiah hniam zawka inchawitir tawn tura inremsiam a ni. India ram chuan SAFTA inremna angin member ram aṭangin kuhvaah custom duty zaah 13 (13%) chauh a lak laiin, member ni lo, ram dang (non-member) aṭangin zaah 113 (113%) vel a la daih thung.

Hetiang a nih avang hian sumdawng rualte chuan Indonesia ram aṭangin Myanmar leh SAARC member ramah lawng leh khawmual kaltlangin kuhva ro an tawlh lut a. Heng kuhva tawlhrukte hi SAARC ram aṭanga thar chhuah angin document lem siamin India ramah an lalut ṭhin a ni. Sumdawng rualte hian hming lem an hmang ber a; Indonesia, India leh SAARC ramah registration fel tak an nei bawk.

SAFTA bakah India ram hian Sri Lanka nen Free Trade Agreement a nei a. Sumdawng tam tak ten Indonesia aṭangin kuhva an lei a; Sri Lanka aṭanga lei angin India ramah an tawlh lut bawk ṭhin. ‘Rules of origin’ hi FTA thuthlung ken pawimawh tak leh ṭangkai tak a nih laiin, hman sual awlsam tak a nih bawk avangin dan leh kaihhruaina mumal tak India ram pawhin a siam nghe nghe a ni.

India ram a tihbuai dan

Kum 2016 (June) khan Nagpur-ah rel wagon 23 zetah kuhva ro tawlhruk man a ni a. Diretorate of Revenue and Intelligence (DRI) te pawhin kuhva tawlhruk metric tonne 300 chuang kum 2017 khan rel wagon phurh lai aṭang bawkin an man leh a. Heng kuhva rote hi Indonesia rama thar, Myanmar ram kaltlanga a ruka lakluh vek an ni.

Kum 2020 (June) thla khan Karnataka sawrkar hnuaia Commercial Tax Department chuan kuhva a sumdawngtu ṭhenkhatte godown an endik a; cheng vaibelchhe 11 hu kuhva chheprelh an man a. Chhiah (GST) cheng vaibelchhe1chuang an chawitir bakah hremna na tawk tak an pe bawk. Heng sumdawngtute hian Tamil Nadu state-ah hming lema chhiah pekna an nei nghe nghe a ni.

India hmarchhak hi kuhva tawlhruk hluarna hmun a ni a. Assam ram chhungah Golaghat leh Barak Valley te hi kuhva tawlhrukna hmunpui a ni. Indonesia thar kuhvate hi Manipur leh Mizoram kaltlangin Assam ramah lakluh a ni a; Gujarat leh Maharastra state hi an hralhna hmunpui a ni. Document fel tak an neih ṭhin avangin man mai theih pawh an ni lo. Sawrkar hnathawk leh Politician te thuk takin an inrawlh ngei a ni tih hi mi ṭhahnemngaite hmalakna avangin a hriat theih bawk.

Assam sawrkar pawhin kuhva tawlh ruk hi a buaipui hle. RTI activist ten chhui chiangin chanchinbu lamahte heng sumdawng rual leh an thawhpuite chungchang hi an au chhuahpui mai bakah FIR te an thehlut a. Kum 2019 a FIR an thehluh pakhatah chuan, 'Myanmar aṭangin ni tin truck 200 vel kuhva ro Assam ramchhungah phurh luh ṭhin a ni a; Custom duty pawh an chawi lo’ tiin. Hetiang lama hmalakna kal zelah Assam Chief Minister pawhin December 23, 2021 khan State Assembly-ah ‘kuhva ro hralh dan leh state tharchhuah hralh dan ruahmanna hranpa ve ve siam turin hma lak mek a nih thu’ a sawi nghe nghe a ni.

Mizoramah pawh Custom Department hotute sawi danin kum 2021 November thleng khan kuhva tawlh ruk metric tonne 1108.97 man a ni a; hei hi cheng vaibelchhe 35.84 hu vel a ni. Kum 2019 lam daih tawhah khan Sawrkar laipui chuan Manipur leh Mizoram Chief Secretary te chu kuhva tawlh ruk titawp tura hriattirna a lo pe tawh a ni.

CBI kutah dah a ni

Kum 2016 khan kuhva tawlh ruk chungchangah Bombay High Court (Nagpur Bench) ah Public Interest Litigation (PIL) theh luh a ni a. Hemi thu kal zelah Bombay High Court (Nagpur Bench) chuan kum 2021 kumtir lam khan CBI kutah a dah a. CBI ten First Information Report (FIR) an thehluh aṭanga thil awm dan tlangpui chu hetiang hi a ni. Kuhva tawlhrukte hi Indonesia ram aṭanga lakluh a ni; certificate of origin lem bakah invoice lem te, hming lem leh registration lem hmangin India ram chhungah lakluh a ni. Registration hi India, Indonesia leh SAARC ram hrang hrangah hming lem hmangin an nei bawk. 

Ei tur lam chi lak luh anga endik (lab test) a ngaih loh nan sazupumpui thei kawr angin document-ah tarlan a ni bawk. Ramri kan nan certificate phuahchawp an hmang bawk. CBI te hian Custom official leh mimal ṭhahnem tham tak (3500 vel) an chhui mek a ni. CBI te tarlan danin kuhva tawlhruk aṭanga sawrkar laipuiin chhiah (custom duty) a hloh hi kum tin cheng vaibelchhia 15000 (USD 2 billion) a ni.

A nghawng ṭha lo te

Kum 2019 (August) a Ministry of Finance hnuaia Regional Economic Intelligence Council (REIC) Nagpur hmuna inhmuhkhawmnaah kuhva tawlh ruka sumdawnna hian Central leh State sawrkar dan chi hrang hrang bawhchhiat a ngah thu tarlan a ni a. A langsar zualte chu GST (Central & State), Central Excise & Custom, Directorate of Foreign Trade (DGFT), Enforcement Department, leh Income tax department te a ni. Custom duty bakah GST leh income tax aṭanga chhiah lut tur sawrkarin a hlohvah hian Mizoram chanvo pawh ṭhahnem tham tak a luangral ve a ni.

Central Arecanut and Cocoa Marketing and Processing Cooperative Ltd (CAMPCO) te sawi danin ‘kuhva tawlh rutute hian quality chhia leh ṭha an pawlh a, man tlawm zawkin an hralh ṭhin a. Hei hi kuhva chingtuten an hloh phah nasa hle a ni’ an ti. Kuhva tawlhruka sumdawngtute hian chhiah an awlruk ṭhin avangin sawrkarin sum tam tak a hloh phah bawk’ an ti. Kuhva chingtute'n man tlawmin an hralh phah a; dan ang taka sumdawngtute a tibuai a, an sumdawnnain a tawrh a ni.

Kuhva tawlhruk te hi Food Safety and Standard Act, 2006 anga laboratory a endik a nih loh avangin mihring tana ei tlak loh a tam hle. The Arecanut Research & Development Foundation, Mangalore (2019) in a tarlan danin ‘kuhva tawlhruk zaah 50 (50%) chuang hi quality ṭha lo, mihring tana hlauhawm a ni’ an ti.

Myanmar lama sumdawngtute pawh a tibuai hle. Indonesia ram aṭanga kuhva lakluhte hi a quality a ṭha lo va, a tlawm zawk bawk a. Myanmar rama kuhva chingtute chuan an kuhva thar an hralh theih loh phah a ni. Myanmar hian kum khatah kuhva ton 10,000 vel a thar chhuak a; India rama an thawn luh hi ton 40,000 chuang lai a ni thung. India sawrkar pawhin Myanmar-in ram dang aṭanga a lakluh, Myanmar rama tharchhuah anga India rama an thawnluh ṭhin hi a ngaithiam lo hle. Hei vang hian Myanmar aṭanga kuhva lakluh hi India chuan a khap hial tawh a ni. Myanmar rama sumdawngtute chuan India nena dan ang thlapa insumdawntawn hi an duhthusam a nih thu an tarlang bawk.

Kuhva tawlhruka sumdawnna hi Mizorama kuhva chingtuten an chhiatpui avang te, sawrkar chhiah hlohna nasa tak a thlen avang leh, khawtlang nunin a tawrhphah theih avangin State leh sawrkar laipui thuneituten theihtawp chhuaha a tihtawp dan kawng an zawn vat hi Mizoram tan tihmakmawh a ni.

- Prof. Vanlalchhawna