Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) Lo Pian Chhuah Hi Dan Ang Nge, Dan Lo Ang? Part - I

Tunlai hian, Chakma Autonomous District Council (CADC) hian sawi a hlawh hle mai a, a sawi thei nazawng leh a ziak thei nazawng hian kan buaipui ta luih luih ni berin a lang. Chakma te hi dan lo anga lo pem lut foreigners an nih avang hian, CADC lo pian danah pawh hian dan anga piang a ni lo tih hi kan ngaihthlak tam ber leh chanchinbu lamah pawh kan chhiar tam ber a ni mai awm e. Mi ṭhenkhat lah chuan, dan anga piang a nih loh avangin, “Court-ah thlen ila, Court thutluknain a nuai bo theih mai ang,” ti te pawhin an lo sawi ve mek bawk a. Ni e, CADC hi kan vei tlangin, kan buaipui hlawm a ni tih hi chu hai rual niin a lang lo. Amaherawhchu, vei tur leh buaipui tur a nih lai hian awmze nei thei tur hian kan buaipuiin, dan leh dunte hi kan bihchiang em tih erawh hi chu ngaihtuah chian ngai tak niin a lang. Chubakah, Chakma ho chungchang leh an CADC lo pian dan chungchang hi, a huau huau zawnga kan ram chhunga mipui zawng zawngina buaipui chi a ni em tih te pawh hi uluk taka ngaihtuah a ngai ta hle niin a lang. Engtin nge Sixth Schedule-a District Council din dan leh ṭhiah dan India danpuiah a inziah a, Sixth Schedule khawih danglam theitu hi Parliament nge Court zawk tih te pawh hi uluk taka kan ngaituah a ṭha ang. Sixth Schedule khawih danglam chungchang leh dan siam chungchanga thuneitu ber hre chiang lem loa uar deuh taka thu ziakte kan lo awm ṭhin hi a zia lo hlein a lang. 

Chakma chungchang zirchiangtu Dr F. Lianchhinga chuan, “Chakma tena anmahni an inkohna chu ‘Shangma’ emaw ‘Sangma’emawin a ri ṭhin,” tiin a sawi a. ‘Chakma’ tia kohna hi Kumpinu Sawrkar lo kal hnua inṭan chauh niin a sawi bawk. Mizo zingah chuan, Chakma-te hi ‘Takam’ tia koh leh hriat an ni. Chakma ten Mizoram (Lushai Hills) leilung an rawn rah hmasakna ber kum hi 1872 niin, chung Chakma-te chu, Kumpinu sorkarin Lushai Hills an rawn run (Lushai Expedition 1871-1872 tia a hming an vuah) a an sipaiten, Chakma Lalnu, Kalindi Rani remtihnaa thuamphur/puakphur atana an rawn hruai te kha an ni. Amaherawhchu, thuamphur (Labour Corps) an nih avangin tumah chámbáng lovin Chittagong lamah an haw leh vek a ni. Hmanlaia Chakma-te chen tamna, anmahni Chakma te ngei pawhina an rama an pawm leh lalram ngei pawh an lo neihna hmun chu Chittagong a ni a. Hemi hmunah hian lal pawh eng emaw zat an lo nei tawh nghe nghe a ni. Chittagong tih ai pawh hian Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) tih hian a fiah zawk hmel a, amaherawhchu, CHTah pawh hian kan Zo hnahthlak unau te engemaw zat an an cheng a ni ti erawh hriat a ṭha. 

India-in Kumpinu sorkar lak aṭanga zalenna a hmuh a, ram pahnih - India leh Pakistan a lo pian lai khan, Chakma te kha anmahni duhthlanna anga India rama bet thei lova, an duh thlan lohna Pakistan zawka behtir an lo nih tak avangin an chan a lo chhe ṭan ta a ni. Chumi zawhah, Kaptai Dam, kum 1956 aṭanga an khuah ṭan kum 1962-a hna an thawh zawh tak tui rawn chim sang zel khan, Rangamati District-a Chakma chenna ram 220 KM2 chu a rawn chim ta a, Chakma chhungkua 18,000 zet chu chenna tur nei lovin a rawn siam ta a ni. Chenna tur in leh ram an lo neih tak si loh avangin, chung Chakma ho chuan an pi leh pute hun lai aṭanga an ram chu an chhuahsan a lo ṭul ta a. An zinga tam ber chu India ramah an rawn tlanchhe ta a ni. India rama refugee anga lo lut Chakma te chu, India Sawrkar Laipui chuan, khatih hun laia N.E.F.A an tih, vawiina Arunachal Pradesh State kan tih takah khuan a dah ta a, tunah hian mihring sing sarih (70,000) aia tam an ni tawh a; chung Chakma te chu tun hun thlenga Arunachal-ho buaina hi a lo nih phah ta a ni. Vawiin thleng hian Arunachal-ah chuan Chakma-te chu refugee an nih ang ngeia enkawl an la ni reng a, ram an nei thei lova, electoral roll-ah te an hming ziahluh a ni lova, chubakah, citizenship pek an nih loh avangin Arunachal-ah khuan chanvo engmah an phût thei lo bawk. Tlangkam leh Unofficial figure-ah phei chuan Arunachal Pradesh-a Chakma awmzat hi nuai khat chuang tawh hiala sawi a ni. 

Chakma te Lushai Hills a an chen theihnana “Phalna” an hmuh hmasak ber chu, kum 1892-a Demagiri chhehvela Chakma ṭhenkhatte South Lushai Hills-a bet tura Bengal Lieutenant Governor, Sir Charles Elliot-an Order a tihchhuah kha a ni. Amaherawhchu, he order-ah hian tuna CADC area hi a lang lova, tin, Sir Charles Elliot-an he Order a tihchhuah lai khan Uiphum tlangdung (tuna CADC area)-ah hian Chakma hmel hmuh tur vak a la awm lem lo a ni awm e. Kum 1898-a South Lushai Hills leh North Lushai Hills-te Lushai Hills District pakhata infintir a nih hnu thleng khan, Sir Charles Elliot-a order-in awm phalna a pek zinga Chakma ṭhenkhat kha Lushai Hills District-ah an awm chhunzawm zel ta a. Chumi hnuah chuan, dan lova lo pem lut kha an lo pung ta zel a ni. Amaherawhchu, dan anga Lushai Hills District-a chen phalna pek Chakma te ngei kha ram dang mi nihna chhiah (foreigner tax) Rs.. 5 chawitir an la ni ta tho tho a ni. Hei hi, kum 1950-1951 thleng khan District Superintendent/DC te khan an la chhunzawm zel a, kum 1954-ah phei kha chuan, Lushai Hills District Deputy Commissioner (DC) khan, Takam leh Tuikuk-te khuahkhirhna dan order kha a tihchhuah belh ta cheu a ni.

Uiphum Tlangdung (tuna CADC area) hi Zofate chi peng pakhat Tlanglau lal-te lal ram a ni a, chutih laiin, Bawm lal leh Pang lalte'n an awp khuate pawh a awm nual bawk. Chuvangin, Uiphum Tlangdung hi chu Zo hnahthlak, Bawm, Pang leh Tlanglau te ram leh an lal ram a lo ni tawh ṭhin tih hi phat rual a ni lo. Amaherawhchu, Chakma te Uiphum Tlangdung-aan rawn pem luh hi kum 1905 aṭanga lo inṭan nia sawi a ni a, hemi kum hian Gerauluksora (Samak-kah-lui) leh Lamthai (Tablabagh)-ah te lo lut ṭanin, Tlanglau lalte khan an leileta hnathawk atan an lo ruai ṭhin a. Tin, chhiah khawnna khua (tributaries) atan an lo hmang duh bawk a ni. Amaherawhchu, kum 1933-ah khan Chakma-ho zing aṭangin Debicharan khan, engtin tin emaw, Kumpinu Sawrkar roreltu te hnen aṭangin tlang changa rorel theihna lehkha (Tlang lehkha) hmuin, Headman a lo ni ta a, a fapa Lambomani phei kha chu lal compensation pawh dawng nia sawi a ni nghe nghe. Tichuan, Chakma-ho chu Demagiri leh Uiphum Tlangdungah an lo pem luh belh ta zel a, an lo pung chak ta em em a ni. 

India-in zalenna a hmuh hnu, kum 1950, January 26 aṭanga India Danpui hman ṭan a lo nih khan, tlang mite tan Autonomous District Council (ADC) rorelna leh inrelbawlna din theihna Sixth Schedule hnuaiah siamsak an lo ni ta a. Chutiang chuan, kum 1952, April 26 aṭang khan Lushai Hills District Council chu Lushai Hills-ah din a lo ni ta; kum khat hnu April 23, 1953-ah khan Pawi Lakher-Regional Council (PLRC) din a lo ni ve ta bawk a ni. Parliament-in Sixth Schedule-a siam danglam (amend) hmangin, kum 1954 aṭang khan Lushai Hills District Council hming chu Mizo District Council tia thlak a lo ni ta a ni. Mizo District Council leh PLRC pian lai vel hian Chakma-ho pawh khan ADC dilna kha thuneitute hnenah an lo thehlut tawh a. Kum 1952-ah daih tawh khan, Kristo Mohan Chakma leh GuraNitai Chakma-te chuan Assam Chief Minister, Bishnu Ram Medhi kha Shillong-ah zuk hmuin, a hnenah Chakma Regional Council dilna an lo thehlut tawh a ni. Hemi hnu pawh hian, Kristo Mohan Chakma chuan Chakma Regional Council dilna chu vawithum lai Shillong-ah a zuk thehlut leh bawk. Thil mak deuh mai chu, kum 1952-1973 inkara Regional Council diltute kha Tlabung (Demagiri) lama Chakma-te an ni a, Uiphum tlangdunga Chakma-te erawh chuan PLRC ṭhendarh a nih dawn chiah khan Regional Council an dil chauhva, an hmu nghal bawk a ni.

Kum 1971 chho vela India Hmarchhak (Undivided Assam)-a political demand hrang hrang avanga State thar leh Union Territory (UT) thar siam a lo ni ta a. Mizo District Council hruaitute khan UT inrelbawlna hmuh hnua Sixth Schedule hnuaia la awm zel kha ṭul tawh loah an ngai niin a lang. Chutiang chu Mizo District Council hruaitute rilru put dan a nih laiin, PLRC hruaitute erawh kha chuan Sixth Schedule hnuaia awm chhunzawn zel kha an duh tlat thung a ni. Hetih hun lai hian Chakma-hote khan Mizo District Council-ah MDC 1 an nei a, PLRC-ah Member of Regional Council (MRC) 2 an nei mêk bawk. Pawi leh Lakher'ten Sixth Schedule hnuaia awm chhunzawn zel an duh takah chuan Regional Council-a Chakma Member Atul Chandra Chakma chuan PLRC pawna awm Chakma-te'n Regional Council dilna kum 1952 aṭanga an lo buaipui tawh kha a rawn chhunzawm leh ta a. Kum 1971, September thlaa PLRC hotu te - F. Manghnuna, SaplianaVandir, K. Sangchhum, MylaiHlychho, Zakhu Hlychho, S. Hiato-te Delhi-a an kal rual khan Atul Chandra Chakma pawh a kal ve nghe nghe a ni. Hetia Delhi-a an zuk kal lai hi Mizo District Council CEM Ch. Chhunga leh Congress hotu Dengṭhuamate pawh Delhi-a an cham lai tak a ni nghe nghe. Atul Chandra Chakma chuan Pimputkar, Special Secretary, Union Territory, Government of India, kha hmuin Chakma-te'n ADC an mamawh dan vai ṭawnga thiam taka hrilh in, “Lushai Hills-ah hian Chakma singkhat aia tam kan cheng a - ṭawng, nunphung, ziarang leh khawtlang inrelbawl danah pawh Lushai Hills-a cheng hnam dang (Zo hnahthlak hnam) te nen kan hrang daih a; District Council hi kan mamawh tak zet a ni,” a ti a. Atul Chandra Chakma thusawi khan Pimputkar rilru kha a hneh hle a ni ang chu, CADC dinna tur chuan hma a la chho zel ta a ni.

Kum 1972 January 21-a Prime Minister Indira Gandhi-in Mizoram Union Territory hawnna a rawn neih zawhrual rual khan, S.J. Das kha UT Legislative Assembly din hma zawnga sorkar inrelbawlna enkawl turin, Chief Commissioner atana dah lailawk a ni a. A hnua thil awm dan uluk taka zir chianin Pimputkar khan S.J. Das kha thuchah khauh tak a lo puanhnuai reng tawh nia ngaih theihin thil kha a awm a ni. Tin, hetih hun laia Aizawl D.C., A.C. Ray pawh khan MNF movement tihṭhuanawp nan MNF movement-ina a hneh ngai reng reng loh tur Uiphum tlangdunga Chakma-ho kha ADC pek kha ṭul a ti hle nia ngaituah theih a ni bawk.