HRIPUI LENG LEH MIZO MIPUITE

Hripui leng chungchang hi Mizote chanchinah a lang tam lo hle. Khawvel pum huap hri leng   mumal taka kan hriat hmasak ber chu influenza hripui (1918) kha a ni awm e. Mizote pawhin an tuar nasa hle. Pu V.L Siama, Mizo History ziaktu pakhat chuan, “Khaw ṭhenkhatah chuan anmahni khaw in zat an thi hial a ni,” a ti. Rev. Liankhaia pawhin chhungkaw 100 awmna khua-ah mi 100-120 an thih thu leh Lal Letzakaia khua, Hrangtuiek-ah mi 380 lai an thih thu a ziak bawk. Mizote hian an chhehvel hnam an rùn aṭangin hri ṭha lo hi an kai haw ṭhin niin a lang a. T.H Lewin-a chuan zawnghri leh tuihri hi Bengali khua an runna lam aṭanga an kai hàwn niin a sawi. British sipai leh an ṭhuihruai (coolie)-ho khan hri ṭha lo rawn la lutin, an pu darh bawk niin a lang. 

Kan pi leh pute khan hri leng hi an hlau hle. Hripui a len chuan khaw pum an inkharkhip a; an khua aṭanga lut leh chhuak awm an phal ngai lo a ni. Hetiang hi ‘hri dai theu’ an ti a; khawtlangin an ngaipawimawh hle. Dan bawhchhiate chu an tihlum duh hial ṭhin a ni. Khaw ṭhenkhat chuan hri kai an awmin ramhnuai lamah an tlan chhiatsan mai ṭhin a, hetiang hi sawi tur a awm nual. Tin, pasalṭha rammute hian hri ṭha lo an kai haw fo ṭhin; chutiang hunah chuan an chhungte leh mi dangte an kai loh nan anmahni an intihlum ṭhin bawk. Hei vang hian hri leng hi a darh zau vak ngai lo. British-hote khan Mizoramah hri ṭha lo len kha an hlau hle. ‘The Epidemic Diseases Act 1897’ hmanga thupekte tichhuakin, hri danna (vaccination) te mipui an pe ṭhin.  

Hripui len chhan

Mihring mawl lai hun chuan hripui leng hi Pathian hremna leh anchhia ang hiala sawi a ni. Mihring finna leh thiamna lo sang zelah hripui thlentu hi natna hrik te tak te, mita hmuh tham loh, hriau hmawrah pawh chhiar sen loh awm thei an ni tih hmuhchhuah a lo ni ta a. Natna hrikte hi mihring ran vulh, ramsa, rannung leh sava aṭangin kaichhawn an ni hlawm a. Zawhte, ui, bawng, saphihrik, uihli, thosi, sava, sazu, leh zawngte hi natna hrik paitu ṭhenkhatte an ni. 

Hmasawnna leh hripui hian inzawmna tak an nei a. Lo neih dante kan thiam a, a huhova khawsak kan chin ṭan aṭangin hri chi hrang hrangte hian mihringte zingah bu nghet a khuar ṭan ta a ni. Khawpui lian tak takte hmun hrang hrangah a lo ding chho zel a. Science leh technology lam thiamna avangin tuipui leh khawmualah inkalpawhna a awlsam a; ram hla tak taka awmte nen kan insumdawn tawn thei ta bawk a. Hengte avang hian hripui leng pawh a darh chakin, a darh zau hma ta hle a ni.

Hripui leng leh a nghawngte

Greek City-state ropui berte zinga pakhat Athens-in a chhiatpui chu an hmelma Sparta-ho ni lovin, hripui leng a ni. Chutiang bawkin Rome sawrkar ropui tak tlawmtu pakhat chu sikserh nia ngaih a ni bawk. Red Indian-ho hnam suattu chu zawnghri leh sentut, European hovin an ken luh a ni. Hripui leng ṭhenkhat aṭang hian a chiang mai thei awm e.     

Athenian hripui (BC 320-426) hi chanchin ziaka awm hmasa berte zinga mi a ni a. Mihring 75,000 -100,000 velin an thihpui niin chhût a ni. Ethiopia ram aṭanga inṭan nia sawi a ni bawk. Hripui vang hian vantlang nun a tlahniam hle; sakhaw lam an thlahthlam a, dan leh inkaihhruaina lam an palzút nasa hle bawk. Dan leh thupek khauh zawka lekkawh a ngaih phah hial a ni. Athens mi leh sa ni lo, Athens mi anga lo inchhalte phei chu an hrem na hle. Athenian-ho chhiat hlenna thlentu pakhat a ni.  

Rome hun lai khan hripui leng a awm nual mai. Antonine Plague (165-180 AD) an tih chu mihring maktaduai 5 velin an thihpui a. Rome lal ber Marcus Aurelius-a pawhin a thih phah nghe nghe a ni. Rome sipaihote'n khaw chhak lam an rûnna 

aṭanga an hawn a ni awm e. Rome-ho sumdawnnain a tlakchhiat phah hle. Justinian Plague (542-750 AD) pawh hi a rapthlak hle; Byzantine lal ram chhiatna thlentu pakhat leh, Europe ram ‘hun thim’-a hruai luttu pakhata ngaih a ni. Europe leh Asia ram insumdawn tawnna kawngpui zawhin hri a leng a; a darh zau hle. Mihring maktaduai 30-50 velin an thih phah a ni. Sawrkar inrelbawlnain a tuar hle; chhiah nasa takin a tlahniam a ni. Mi tam tak, hri vang ni lo, eitur nei loh vanga rilṭama thi an tam em em bawk a ni.

Kum zabi 14 aṭanga 17 thleng khan Europe-ah hripui chi khat ‘bubonic plague’ a leng a; hei hi ‘Black Death’ tih a ni. Mihring thihpui pawh an ṭhahnem hle. Kum zabi 14-na chhung ringawt pawhin mihring maktaduai 200 velin an thihpui a ni. He hripui leng hian nghawng a nei thui hle. ‘Feudal State’ chhiatna thlentu a ni a; Europe ram hun thim aṭanga hun thar, vantlang nuna harh tharna (renaissance) thlentu, ‘modernization’ bul tumtu pakhata ngaih a ni thung. Mihring thi an tam em avang leh eizawnna lam pawhin a chhiatpui em avangin khawvel sik leh sa pawh a nghawng pha hiala ngaih a ni. Mi thiam ṭhenkhat chuan ‘Little Ice Age’ thlentu pakhat a ni mai awm mang e’ an ti hial.   

European-ho hi hripui, a bikin zawnghri leh sentutte hi khawvela pu darhtu an ni. Zawnghri hi natna upa tak, kum 3000 chuang khawvelin a buaipui, tuna bo tawha ngaih a ni. A vanglai chuan natna rapthlak tak a ni. Europe lal paruk zetin an thihpui nghe nghe. Zawnghri leh sentut hi America khawmualpui leh Australia rama cheng hmasa (native population)-ten an thihpui nasa hle, an mang phah lo chauh a ni. 

Kum zabi 20-na chhunga hripui leng rapthlak bera ngaih chu Influenza chi khat Spanish Flu (1918) kha a ni; mihring maktaduai 17-100 velin an thihpuia ngaih a ni. Natna dang TB, sikserh, tuihri etc. te pawh mihringten kan thihpui nasa hle mai. Hetianga hripui rapthlak tak tak a len fo avangin, indopui pahnihna hnu lamah phei chuan ram hrang hrang sawrkarten hriselna lam an ngaih pawimawh phah hle. Europe ramah phei chuan ‘health system’ ṭha tak a pian phah nghe nghe a ni.  

Kum zabi 21 kal mekah hripui hlauhawm tak tak khawvel hian a hmachhawn mek a. Heng Avian influenza, Ebola Virus, Zika Virus, Nipah virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), leh Middle East Respiratory Disease (MERS) te hi hian khawvel hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan mihringte a tibuai khawp mai. Kum 2019 December thla aṭang khan Coronavirus hripui (COVID-19), hripui thar chu khawvelah a leng leh ta a ni. 

COVID-19 hripui chungchang

Covid-19 hripui hi December 2019 khan China ram Wuhan khawpuiah a leng a. Sa zawrhna hmun pakhata thawkten an kai ṭan nia hriat a ni. Hripui thlentu hi coronavirus chi thar ‘Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Conovirus-2 (SARS-COV-2)’ tih a ni. Enlenna aṭanga a lan danin he coronavirus hi lallukhum ang deuhvin a awm a; hei vang hian Latin tawnga lallukhum (corona) hming nen phuah zawm a ni. 

Coronavirus hi chi hrang hrang an awm a. Ṭhenkhat chu an hlauhawm lutuk lova, ‘hritlang satliah bak an thlen lo’ an ti. A dang SARS, MERS (camel flu) leh Covid-19 te hi chu an hlauhawm hle. SARS hi Guandong, China aṭanga inṭanin khawvel ram hrang hrangah kum 2002-04 chhung khan a leng tawh a. MERS hripui pawh hi Saudi Arabia (2012, 2018), Middle East ram ṭhenkhat leh South Korea (2015) ah te a leng tawh bawk. Covid-19 natna bik hi mi thiamte hriat chin a la tlemin, a famkim tawk lo hle. Ni tin chanchin hriat belh tur a awm reng a ni. Covid-19 hrik hi mihring taksa bakah, boruak leh hmanraw ṭhenkhat, plastic-ah darkar 72, stainless steel-ah darkar 48, lehkha khawng (cardboard)-ah darkar 24 leh dar lam chi (Copper) ah darkar 4 an awm thei an ti a. Boruakah darkar 3 vel an awm thei bawka ngaih an ni. 

Hri kai pakhatin mi dang a kaichhawn theih zat (basic reproduction number-Ro) hi 2 aṭanga 3 vel nia chhut a ni. Hri kai pakhatin mi dang pahnih aṭanga pathum vel a kaichhawng thei tihna a ni. Hri kai aṭanga ni 1-14 chhungin a natna hi lang chhuaka ngaih a ni; a tlangpui lan chhuah hun hi ni 5 vel a ni awm e. Hri kai tam ber hi an nat mai loh avangin inkaichhawn a awlsam phah a ni an ti bawk. 

China rama covid-19 natna kai mi 44,672 an zirchianna aṭanga damlo dinhmun ṭhenkhat hetiang a ni. A kai tam ber (87%) hi kum 30-79 inkar upa an ni. Naupang lamah a hluar vak lo a ni awm e. Hri vei zaa 81 hian insawiselna tlem azawng (mild cases) an nei; damdawi ina enkawl ngai (severe) awm zat 14% leh damlo na tak (critical) hi 5% an ni. Hri vei thihpui zat (case fatality rate) hi zaa 2.3 an ni bawk. Kum 80 chin chung lam veite'n an thihpui tam ber (14.8%). Covid-19 hri kai, natna nghet nei sate thihpui dan hetiang a ni - lung natna nei (10.5%), zun thlum (7.3%), asthma leh chuap lam natna (6.3%), thisen sang (6.0) leh cancer (5.6%).  

Covid-19 nen nunphung thar

Covid-19 natna enkawlna tur damdawi emaw, a hri danna (vaccine) emaw a la awm lova. Hun eng emaw chen chu covid-19 hripui hnuaia dam khawchhuah nan nunphung leh khawsakna inher rem (adaptation) a ngai dawn a ni. Hripui darh zel tur khuahkhirh (containment) leh a darh tur tihnep leh tihkhawtlai (mitigation) a pawimawh reng dawn. Hri leng hi darhtir huk lovin, zawi zawiin darh se la; a vawrtawp awm sang lova zuih raltir hi a pawimawh hle. Hetiang hi ‘flattening the curve’ an ti a; a hlawhtlin chuan thihpui an tlem a, health system-in a tuar lova, ei-sum dinhmun pawhin a chhiatpui lo ber a ni. 

Hri kai dah hran vat te, kai thei dinhmuna awmte kharkhip leh kai thar chhuichhuah vat te hi hripui darh tur venna hmanraw ṭha ber an ni. Kai darh tur khuahkhirhna (containment strategy) in a tum ber chu ‘Finfiah la, um zui la, dah hrang la, kharkhip tlat ang che’ tih hi a ni. Hri kai zawn chhuah hi hna hautak tak a ni a; hmanrua leh thawktu pawh indaih a ngai hle. Khuahkhirhna lam ulukna ram apiangah hripui leng a nêp zel a ni.  

Hripui kai tihnepna hmanraw dang (mitigation strategy) hi hlawm hrang hranga sawi theih a ni a. Pakhat chu mimal mawhphurhna (personal measures) a ni; entirnan, hmai leh hnar tuam te, kut silfai te, fimkhur taka khuh te, mit leh hnar leh ka chhung khawih loh te, chil chhak loh te a ni. Mimal mawhphurna hi ngaihpawimawh a, inzirtir ngun a ṭha hle. Pahnihna chu ‘physical/social distancing’ tih a ni; a huam a zau hle mai. Khawi hmunah pawh mi dang nena kan inkarah fit 3 aia tlem lo a awm zel tur a ni tih a ni. Hei vang hian school, college, inkhawm leh puipunna chi reng reng khap tlat a ni. Lockdown hi a nghawng a na deuh na a, social distancing hmanraw ṭha ber a ni. A dang, ‘environmental measure’ an tih pawh hi a pawimawh hle; in lam leh office lama hmanraw chi hrang hrang, lirthei etc. te damdawi hmanga kah thianghlim tur a ni. 

Damdawia enkawlna emaw, hri danna emaw a awm hma chuan covid-19 hripui hian min chenchilh dawn a; nunphung thar zawh a lo ngai dawn ta a. Inher rem thiam apiangte an him ang a, an khawsak a buai dawn lo a ni.