Grape vine vs Grape wine

1st March, 2022

Grape vine (Vitis species) hi 68 vel awmin, Vitaceae family hnuaiah chi hrang hrang (varieties) 10,000 lai a awm a, chung zinga 13 vel chu chin (cultivated) a ni. Grape hi Georgia (Caucasus)-a tual ṭo niin A. de Candolle chuan a sawi a (Antonio M.et al.,2015). Kum 8000 BC-6000 BC -ah an ching tawh a ni awm e.

Wine-a siam hmasa ber chu Armenia-ah 4000 BC khan siam a ni (Petrica, et al., 2006). Grape hi ram vawt-ah leh ram lumah pawh an ching a. Khawvela grape chin tamna ber chu Spain a ni awm e.

Khawvela thawn chhuak tam ramte chu China, Italy, USA, France, Spain, Turkey, India, Chile, Iran, S.Africa leh Australia te an ni. Grape hi Palestina (Israel) rama cheng Phoenician-ho pawhin 6000 BC-ah an ching tawh niin a lang. Chuta ṭang chuan 4000 BC-ah Central Asia ram leh Mediterranean chhehvelah te a darh a, Romhovin Rhine valley-ah kum zabi 2na-ah chingin, India ramah chuan Iran leh Afghan indo miten 1300 AD-ah an rawn pu lut nia sawi a ni.

India ramah hian Maharastra-ah a ching tam ber a (Nasik/ Sangli District chu, 'grape city of India' tih a ni hial), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Talangana, Andra Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Utter Pradesh, leh Madhya Pradeh-ah te an ching a ni.

Ei leh in atana chin uar ber chu Vitis vinifera a ni a, a dangte chu Vitis amurensis (Asia species); V.labrusca (North America, Canada); V.mustagensis (Mississippi, Alabama), V.ripera, Lousiana, Oklahama), V.rotundifolia (USA) te an ni. Grape-ah hian a rawng hring, senduk, dum-pawl, eng leh sendang, nawinawk rawng leh a var te a awm a. Tui 81%, Carbohydrate 18%, Vitamin C&K 1% an pai a; vun a tinung a, vun chuar a veng a, hmai bawl leh chuar te a veng nia sawi a ni. Ruah tui tamna, ram lum lutuk lo, tui tlin theih lohna leiah a ṭha duh. Phun aṭanga kum 3 ah a rah a, a dam chhung chu kum 25-30 a ni.

Fur laiin a rah a, thlasikah a hnah a tla a, ṭhalah a lo chawr leh ṭhin. Ram ṭhenkhatah chuan kum khatah vawi-2 an thar ṭhin.

Grape vine chi hrang hrang zinga chin uar deuh deuhte chu Cabernet Sauvignon, Meriot, Airen, Tempranoli, Cherdonnay,Syrah,Ganachatinta, Saurigon Blanc te an ni a. India ramah hian Thomson seedless, Bangalore Blue, Anabe-e-Shahi, Shared seedless, Perlette, Gulabi, Bhokri adt. an ching a (Wealth of India,vol.X). India ramah chuan Maharastra–in a thar tam ber a, 28.10 MT/ha; Karnataka 16 MT/ha; Tamil Nadu 22 MT/ha; Punjab 27 MT/h; Andra Pradesh 20 MT/ha; Haryana 5 .7 MT/ha; Madhya Pradesh 25 MT/ha; Mizoram 3.20 MT/ha; Jammu & Kashmir 1.6 MT/ha a ni.

Bible-a grape lang hmasa ber chu Gen. 9:20 hi a ni awm e. “Tin, Nova chu lo neituah a awm ṭan a, grep huan a siam a, Uain chu a in a, a rui a; tichuan a mu sual ta a,” tih kan hmu a. Kanaan ram enthlatute khan Eskol ruama grep rah bawr khat an zawn haw a (Num 13:23). Bible hun chhut danah Pathianin ni 3 niah hnim te, thlai te, thei kung te, thing rah a chhunga a chi awmte a siam a (Gen.1:11,12). Mizote hian “thing leh mau” kan tih hian hnim (vines, herbs) leh perhte (shrubs) hote hi a huam lovin a lang a. Mahse, “ramhmul” kan tih chuan thing leh lung pang iloa bet hnimte chi (algae, mosses, liverworts) te leh grasses (mau, hmunpiah, luang, di, phairuang leh thangte a huam vek lawi a.

“Ramhmul damdawi” kan tih chuan thing leh mau leh hnim, perhte leh a zam chi (vines) pawh tel vekin, damdawia kan hman sawi nan kan hmang a. Chuti a nih chuan, Pathianin hnim a siam lai khan grape vines pawh hi a tel ve ngeiin a rinawm a ni. Mediterranean chhehvel leh Palestina ramah grape vines chu Bible kum 6000 BC-ah awm tawha ngaih a ni. Eden hunah pawh khan grape vines hi a awm ve ngeiin a rinawm.

Grape wines/wineries
Khawvela grape wine dahna bur (jar) upa ber, kum 8000-a upa chu Georgia-ah an hmu chhuak niin BBC news 2007-ah puan a ni a. Turkey hmar chhak lama Georgia-ah 6000 BC bawr vel khan an siam tawh niin a lang. Iran-ah 5000 BC, Armenia-ah 4100 BC., Sicily-ah 4000 BC., wine leh rice chawhpawlh China-ah 7000 BC-ah. Grik leh Romho pawhin an siam a, Judahovin Uain thlum (sweet wine) chi siamin, Bible hun aṭanga Lalpa zanriah thlengin kristiante pawhin an hmang a, tun thleng pawhin kan la hmang zel a. Islamho erawh chuan Golden Age aṭangin an khap thung.

Persia-in kum zabi 9-naah siamin, Vitis labrusca hmangin an siam a, Syrah City of Persia tih a ni nghe nghe. Grape wine thlum ber chi chu Cyprus-ah 2000 BC-ah an siam bawk. (Hassan, 2007). Grape wine hi grape rah up (fermented) aṭanga siam a ni a. Grpe rah chu a chilna (winrepress)-ah chilin, a tui sawr chu an dah vawt a; chutiang bawkin Olive hriak pawh hi Olivepress-ah sawr chhuah a ni a. Gideon-a pawh kha grape sawrna khura a awm laiin Lalpa vantirhkohvin a ko a ni (Roreltute 6:11-13). Grape wine leh Olive oil hi Neolithic era (Stone Age) 8500 BC-4000 BC-ah an lo siam tawh a ni (MCovern, et al.,)

Grape-a alcohol awm zat
Grape-ah hian Sugar a awm a, sugar chu glucose leh fructose inpawlh a ni a; glucose chu fructose leh sucrpse siam a ni. Sucrose chu Vitis vinifera, V.rotundifolia leh V.labrusca hybrid-ah te a awm a, grape rah hmin laiin a awm tam bera ngaih a ni. Zirchiannaa a lan danin a chunga tarlan grapes-ah te khian glucose 145.86-122.89 mg/ML leh fructose 47.64 -131.04 mg/ML a awm a. Hengte hian grape-a alcohol awm zat a hril a ni. Grape-ah hian alcohol 14-16% v/v a awm a, hei hi a kha-thlum-thur a ni. Tun hnai deuhah hian alcohol 9-13%-a tih hniam duh an tam a. Alcohol titlem turin technology hrang hrang a ngai a. A rah hmin tirhah 5%-in alcohol a tihniam thei a, a thur deuh thung; 2%-a tihhniam chuan a tuina a tidanglam loa ngaih a ni. (Antonio, M.2015). Technology an hmante chu: Non-Sacchoromycetes Yeast (.05-1%) ((Tilloy,V.et al.,2013); Evolutionary Engineered Yeast (0.5-1%); Nanofiltration technology, Membrane technology (Gill M.et al.,2013). A dang leh chu Spinning Cone Column & Reverse Osmosis System an ti a. Reverse Osmosis & Membrane Separation Proces hi alcohol 2%-a tihhniam a nihin, a tuina a danglam lem lo (Ibid,2015).

Mizoram Grape & Grape wine
Champhai leh Hnahlana Grape chin khi Bengalore Blue variety/Isabella a ni a. Hei hi India ramah Bangalore leh Mizoramah chauh uain siam nan chin a ni. Hnahlan phei chu India ram thingtlang khua (village) grape huan zau ber ni tura duan a ni nghe nghe (Indian Wine Academy.http://www.deccanherald.com). Congress Ministry-ah MLPT 1995 chu Feb. 20,1997-ah pawm a ni a. Kum 1998-a MNF Ministry MIP hnuaiah grape chin nan cheng nuai 84 leh MRB aṭangin nuai 140 pukin siam a ni a. MLPT Act 2007 chu Mizoram Excise and Narcotic (Wine) Rules April 9, 2008 hmangin Zawlaidi siam phalna pek a ni a, (Lawmkima Fanai, 2011).

Zawlaidi chu 2010-ah hralh chhuah ṭan a ni a, Mizoram pawn lamah erawh hralh phal a ni lo. Kum 2008-ah Congress Ministry chuan Zu a zuar a. Kum 2018-a MNF Ministry chuan a titawp ve leh thung a. Kum 2023 inthlan a lo hnai ta deuh a, hemi chungchang ngaihtuahtuten Zu zuar chu ṭha an tih loh avangin tuna MNF kaihhruai Mizoram sorkar chuan a hun hmasaa MIP hnuaia Grape a lo chintir tawh chu, Kohhran mitmei vengin tihtawp zai a rel niin a lang a. Hnahlan leh Champhai mihring 80% laiin Grape huan 3000 Acres kum 10 chuang an lo enkawl tawh chu tihtawp thuthang an hriat chuan, grape huana ni tin eizawnga kut hnathawktute (mipui 80%) chu an buai ta a. An eizawna ber tihchaha awm tur mangang au thawm chu Zoram dung leh vangah a lo darh ta a ni. Baptist Church of Mizoram (BCM) chuan Hnahlan/Champhai grape wine hi Lalpa Zanriah Saccament Uain atan kum eng emaw ti chhung an lo hmang tawh a, alcohol 14% chu tihniam turin a ngen a; nimahsela, tihhniam hi a harsa viau a ni ang (A chunga “grape-a alcohol awm zat” tihah khian tarlan a ni).

Kohhran hrang hrangin Sacrament Uain kan hman hi Grape aṭanga siam tho a ni a. Mizorama thar chhuah, Champhai-Hnanlan Grape Uain ngei hi ram danga mi lak ai chuan Zoram pumah hmang ta zawk ila. A thar chhuaktute pawhin Kohhran duh danin tih tum ve se, kan hlawk tlang ang a, sum che vel pawh Mizoram chhungah a ni ang.

Grape wine chanchin kan han tarlan tak aṭanga thil lo lang ta chu, Eden huanah pawh khan grape vines hi a lo awm daih tawh niin a ngaih theih a. Khawvela grape thawnchhuak tam zingah India a tel a, Mizoramah pawh Bangalore Blue kan lo ching ve a. Hmanlai 6000 BC ata tawh Palestina/ Israel ramah pawh Grape Wine leh Olive Oil chuan tun thlengin hmun laili a luah a, kum 2018-a Israela kan zinin, Lal Isua wine tihpunna Kanna khuaa dawr pakhatah Grape wine (alcohol tel lo an tih) chu ka lei a, Sacrament-ah kan in a. Grape wine in hi “zu inah” kan ngai a nih chuan, zu ka in vawi 1-na a ni ang, a dang ka in ngai si lo va!

Kohhranhovin Lalpa Zanriah Sacrament-a Uain kan hman hi grape wine tho a ni a. A pawimawh ta ber nia lang chu, Zu hi kan ramah khap a nih lai pawhin a tam em em reng tho va, khap loh a nih lai lahin a-hmei a-pain Zu lei turin kawtthlerah kan intlar pet put a. Zu hi Dan hmanga khap a nih rau rau chuan, Dan hmang vekin khap tak tak ila, kohhran mitmei ven vang maia khap lovin, zu rui leh dan bawhchhiate chu tuma mitmei veng lovin hrem ni mai se. Chutih laiin, kan ram khawtlang hmelma lian ber ber Zu leh Corruption hi KHAP reh hmak chu thil theih niin a lang lo va, chuvangin KHUAHKHIRH zawk tur a ni.

Sawkar hian Hnahlan-Champhai grape chingtute dinhmun hi ngaihtuah nawn leh thei se. Tuna grape chin hi emaw, Bengalore blue aia thlum zawk emaw, eizawnna kawng dang ngaihtuahsak hram se, a ṭha ngawt ang.

References
1. Antonio,M.et al.(2015).From sugar of grape to alcohol of wines. Beverages 1:292-310.
2. Gill,M.et al.(2013).Influence of partial dealcoholization by reverse osmosis on red wine composition and sensory characteristics,.Eur.Food Res.Technology, 140:68-75.
Hassan, A.Y.(2007).Alcohol and distillation of wine in Arabic sources.
3. Kontaudakis, N. et al.(2000). Use of unripe grapes harvested during cluster thinning as a method for reducing alcohol content and pH of wine. Aust .J.Grape wine,17:230-238.
4. Laltlankima Fanai (2011). Economic impact of wine in Mizoram. https://hi-in.facebook.com
5. Lisanti,M.T. (2011).Sensory study in partial dealcoholization of wine by reverse osmosis on distillation process.Bull.OV.84:95-105.
6. MCcovern,P.et al. Early Neolithic wine of Georgia in the south Caucasus. Proc.National Academic of Science, PNAS 4(48),E10309-E10318.
7. Pickering,G.J.(2000).Low-reduced alcohol wine. A review. J.Wine Res.11:129-144.
8. Tilloy,V.et al.(2013). Microbiological strategies to reduce alcohol levels in wine. In wine: Alcohol level reduction in wine. Oenoviti.Int. Bordeaux France,pp.29-32.

- Prof. H. Lalramnghinglova