US Inthlan Kaihhnawih Ṭhenkhat:

Tunlai chu khawvela ram ropui ber US ram hruaitu tur thlanna boruakin khawvel pum min chiah hneh hle a. Inthlan an kalpui dan danglam ṭhenkhat han thailang ve ila.

•    Kum li dan apianga President an thlan thar hi mipuite aiawh ‘elector’ te thlan an ni a, November thlaa Thawhlehni hmasa berah mipuite’n elector te hi an thlang ṭhin. State tinin US Congress-a member (congressmen) an neih zat chiah elector an nei a, an ram capital Washington D.C. in pathum a nei bawk. An zavaiin 538 an ni a, a huho chuan ‘Electoral College’ tia sawi an ni. 

•    Maine leh Nebraska-te tiam lovin state dang zawngah chuan mipuiin vote an pek hnem ber party khan an state-a electoral vote awm zawng zawng an hui ṭhin a (winner takes all), President ni tur chuan electoral vote 538 a 270 hmuh tlin a ngai. 

•    Electoral College hian December-a Nilaini vawi hnihna zawha Thawhṭanni hmasa berah President thlangin vote an thlak a, an vote hi January-a kar hmasa berah US Congress-in a chhiar chauh ṭhin a ni. 

•    Hei hi dan anga an kalphung ni mah se, electoral vote tam zawk chhiar zawh a nih tawh chuan media lamin candidate chak zawka ngaih (projected winner) an puang ṭhin a. Official in Electoral College-in President an la thlang lo nachungin November thlaah hi chuan President thar tur hi a chiang thawkhata ngaih a ni ṭhin. Hei hi US danglam riauna pakhat a ni.

•    He kalphung hi hun rei tak chhung an lo kalpui tawh a. Kum 1848 daih tawhah khan an media house pakhat, The Associated Press, chuan a lo ti ṭan tawh a ni.

•    Vote zawng zawng chhiar zawh a nih hnuah state sorkar ṭheuhin result kha an pawm ṭhin a (certify). Mahse hei hian hun a duh ṭhin avangin media house-te hian vote chhiar report thar apiang kha an mi rawih ṭheuhte’n state tina election official-te hnen aṭangin an lo lakhawm a. Hei hi an ‘decision desk’ ṭheuhah lo zirchiang ṭhin a ni. 

•    Hetia vote tla an belhkhawm leh a tlak dan an zirchian aṭangte leh mipui ngaihdan an lo lak tawh aṭanga zirchianna an neih hnuah, candidate-te vote inthlauh dan azirin state bil bika vote tam zawk chhiar zawh a nih tawh chuan kha state a chak zawk (electoral vote hmu sang zawk) kha an puang ṭhin a. 

•    President ni tura electoral vote 270 aia tam kha eng party candidate pawn an pelh chuan, Electoral College in vote la thlak lo mah se, chak zawka puan an ni ta ṭhin a ni. 

•    Media house-te result puan hi rintlak thawkhata ngaih a ni a. Duh duh emaw an ṭan zawng emaw chak zawkah puang mai lovin, uluk taka an zirho phawt hnua puang ṭhin an ni a. An ‘decision desk’ ṭheuhvah hian politics zirchiang, mithiam rual, Ph.D hial neite leh hun rei tak chhung hetiang lama lo inhnamhnawih tawhte vote tlak dan zirchiang turin an ruai fur a ni.

•    Tin, result puan vat hi mipuite tan a ṭangkai phian bawk a. An inthlan dan kalphunga elector-te an thlan ni aṭanga Electoral College vote thlak hun a inhlat em avanga result hriat mai theih loh tur kha pumpelh a ni. 

•    Tun hnai US inthlanah 2012 khan November 6-ah Barack Obama kha a ṭum hnihna atan US President tura thlan a ni tih media lamin an puang a, 2016 khan November 9-ah Donald Trump kha media chuan chak zawkah an lo puang tawh bawk.

•    Media puan hi rintlak thawkhata ngaih ni mah se, tih dik loh zauh ṭum pawh a awm tho a. Kum1948 November 3 khan The Chicago Tribune chanchinbu chuan Thomas Dewey-in a khingpui Harry S. Truman chu a hneh thu a tarlang a, amaherawhchu Truman kha vote an chhiar zawh meuh chuan electoral vote 303 hmuin a chak zawk a ni.

•    Kum 2000 ah pawh khan George W. Bush-in a vawi hnihna atana presi­dency a chuh ṭum khan Florida state-ah Al Gore media lamin chak zawkah an puang zet a nih kha. Mahse vote tla an chhiar zawm zel hnuah Bush-a’n vote sangkhat aia tam hreta a rawn lehthal tak avangin darkar rei lo te hnuah Bush hi chakah an puang leh ta kha a ni a. 

•    Kum 2000-a thil thleng hian pawimawhna dang a neih leh chu Florida state-a electoral vote khan President tur a hril dawn avangin an inthlauhna vote tlem avang leh vote dan chungchanga dik lo awm nia sawi a awm avangin vote chhiar nawn a ni a. An inthlauhna a tlem tak em avangin US Supreme Court-in a tawpah thutlukna a siam ta kha a ni a. Bush hi chaka puan a ni a, a tawpa an inthlauhna vote chu 538 chauh a ni. 

•    Election kaihhnawih buaina leh felhlel awm ṭhin (electoral fraud) ah hian US pawh a bang bik hauh lo mai a. 

•    Hetiang chinfel dan tur pawh hi inthlan kalpui dan tur state thuneihna hnuaia a tam zawk a awm ang khuan state tin kutah a awm a ni. Amaherawhchu, Electoral College vote thlak a nih hmain buaina awm leh vote chhiar nawn chu zawh vek tur a ni thung. 

•    State ṭhenkhat (Pennsylvania etc.) chuan vote chhiar nawn hi an state danah 0.5% aia tlema candidate-te an inthlauh chuan chhiar nawn ngei tur (automatic recount) an nei a. Hetiang dan nei lo state-ah pawh vote inthlauhna a tam loh chuan chhiar nawn a dil theih a, mahse state ṭhenkhatin 0.1% aia tlemah chauh an phal laiin a ṭhen chuan 0.5% chin an phal thung bawk a.

•    Tin, inthlan chungchanga dik lo awm (electoral fraud) nia hriatna a awm chuan vote inthlauh dan kha 0.5% aia sang pawh ni se vote chhiar nawn dil theihnate an awm leh bawk a. Mahse dik lo a awm ngei a ni tih ‘evidence’ tling thehluh tel a ngai thung. Tin, voter pathum aia tlem lovin signature pea an dilin a theih bawk bakah state court-a dilin a theih bawk a ni. 

•    Election official, mipui leh candidate te’n vote chhiar nawn hi an dil thei a, state azirin a dil thei erawh an inang lo thung. Vote chhiar nawnna tura sum sen hi candidate-te tum a ni ṭhin. 

•    Kuminah hian hetiang inthlan chung­changa dik tawk lo awm nia rinhlelhna tam ber chu ‘absentee ballot’ an tih, dâk kaltlanga (mail-in ballot/postal ballot) thlak danah leh chhiar danah hian a ni a. Buaina dang chu inthlan hma daiha an tih ṭhin, vote thlak thei tur inziah luhna (voter registration) aṭangte pawhin a awm bawk.

•    Absentee ballot kalphung hi America Civil War (1861-1865) aṭang daih tawha hman ṭan a ni a, state tinin an kalpui dan a inang lo leh bawk a. 

•    State 21 lai khuan an inthlan ni hnua lo thleng mail-in ballot te hi an pawm a. Tin, heng mail-in ballot-te hi chhiar theih an nih hunchhung pawh a inang lo. Tun inthlanah khan Pennsylvania chuan November 6 thleng kha chhiar an phal a ni. 

•    Heng ballot-te hi vote an thlak theihna state chhunga inthlan laia awm remchang lo, abikin state dang leh US pawna hna leh zirna avanga awmte bakah an sipaite thlak a ni ber ṭhin.

•    State panga (Colorado, Hawaii, Washington, Oregon leh Utah) khuan mail/postal ballot deuh vekin vote an thlak a. Tin, state dang 33 leh Washington D.C.-ah te hetianga vote thlak duhzawk chu phalsak an ni bawk. Heng state lo zawng erawh chuan chhan bik awmah chauh mail ballot hi an state-a vote turte an phalsak ṭhin. 

•    US President tur thlanna bikah hian hetianga vote thlak hi a pung tual tual a. 2016 khan vote thlak zawng zawngah 23.6% lai a tling pha a, 2008 khan 19.2% a ni. 

•    Tun tum US inthlan hi hripui (Covid-19) vangin vote lo thlak hma (early voting) leh dâk kaltlanga vote thlak (mail/postal ballot) an tam a, chu chuan vote chhiar chhung a tih rei bakah, dik lo awm thei anga ngaihnate pawh a tam phah a ni.  

•    Mail ballot hi dik lo awm avanga hnawl a awm ṭhin a. President thlanna bikah kum 2016 khan mail ballot lut zawng zawngah 1.2% chu hnawl a ni tih Pew Research Center-in a tarlang. 

•    Heng election kaihhnawih buaina hran hrante hi state tina ‘supreme court’ bakah US Supreme Court-ah te chinfel an ni ṭhin. Mahse evidence ṭha tak a awm loh erawh chuan hnawl an ni tlangpui. 

•    Tupawh, election official tiamin, US federal election kaihhnawiha thil dik lo tia thiam loh chantir chu hrem theih an ni a, sumfai chawi bakah tanin kum nga aia rei lo tan theih a ni.

Kan hmuh ang hian US hian kum tam tak chu hetiang hian inthlan a lo kalpui tawh ṭhin a, India rama kan kalpui dan nen chuan a danglam hle a ni.