World Water Day 2022 (March ni 22)

Theme: Ground water-Making the invisible visible (Leichhung tui –Hmuh theih loh ata hmuh theiah)

World Water Day, March ni 22-ah hian kum tinin Tui pawimawhna hi zir leh sawi ṭhin a ni. Kuminah hian Lei chhungril tui, pawn lam aṭanga hmuh mai theih ni si lo, pawimawh si chung chang hi thlurbing a ni.

Lei chhung tui (ground water) hi leilung hausakna ṭangkai leh hman nasat tak mai a ni a. India ramah chuan kan tui mamawh min phuhrutu ber a ni. Mizoram bikah pawh kan tui hna zawng zawng hi lei chhung tui aṭanga lo chhuak a ni deuh vek mai. Ruah a lo surin lei hnuaiah lei chhung tui (ground water) angin a inkhawl phawt a, chuta ṭang chuan muangchangin tuikhurah te, lui hnarah te a lo put chhuak a, chu’ng tuihna chu kan lo hmang ṭangkai ta ṭhin a ni.

Engtin nge lei hnuaiah/ leiah tui a lo awm theih? Leilung insiam laia tui lo awm sa connate water an tih mai hi tlemte chu a awm ve ṭhin a. A bak lei hnuaia tui tam zawk chu ruah leh vur tla aṭanga lo awm ṭan a ni. Ruah a han sur hian ruahtui tam tak chu tui hawkah a luang ral a, eng emaw zat chu lei chhung rilah lut thlain lei hnuai lamah leilung tuipai thei (sap ṭawngin - aquifer) ah a tling khawm ṭhin. Chutianga hun rei tak a lo inchhek khawl hnuah, ground water tam tham tak a lo awm ta ṭhin a ni.

Hmuh theih loh zawnna: Lei chhung tui (ground water) hi a awm ngei tih hriat si, hmuh nghal mai theih si loh a ni. Heti’ang hi a nih avang leh tui mamawhna a san ṭhin em vangte pawh a ni ang, lei chhung tui zawn dan chung changah hian dawi lam chi leh thil dang, belh chian dawl lote pawh a awm ṭhin.

Zir ve miah lo, inti hre tak takte pawh awm theih ve a ni. Chu’ng chu ground water pawimawhzia tarlangtuah pawh a ngaih theih awm e. Science thiamna hmangin a zawn dan chi hrang hrang erawh an duang chhuak tawh a, science thiamna hmang lo chuan a tih theih loh a ni.

Lei chhung tui zawn dan chi hrang hrang te: Lei chhung tui zawn dan hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, a tlangpui han sawi thuak thuak ila-

Geological survey: Leilung awmdan zirchianna aṭangin lei chhung tui awm duhnate hriat thei a ni ṭhin. Lung mur hraw apiangte’n tui an pai tam thei. Leilung khi (fault, fracture & fissure) te hian ruah tui an lo dawh khawl thei ṭhin bawk.

India ram chhim lam phai zawl, lung chang tak tak, tui pai thei lo ho awmnaah chuan hetiang leilung khi awmna zel hi lei chhung tui an hmuhna ber a ni nghe nghe.

Ram pian hmang (Geomor­pho­logy)-ah hian lei chhung tui awm theihna hi thui tak a innghat. Kham chhengchhia (cliff) leh hmun awih tak takte hi chu tuihawk luanna hmun (run off zone) an ti a, hengahte hian lei chhung tui a awm thei lo.

Hmun zawl leh ruam rai ṭha apiangah lei chhung tui a awm ṭha ṭhin. Ruam raiah pawh hian a chi hran hran a awm ve leh a, tlangkar ruam rai (Intermontane valley) te leh lei/lungkhi chat vanga ruam (Fracture valley) leh a chi dang engemaw zata thliar an ni. Heng ruam raiah pawh hian, a leilung a zirin lei chhung tui tam dan a inang lo. Ram pian hmang thlur binga lei chhung tui zawn dan hi an hmang uar hle bawk.

Resistivity survey: Leilunga electric kal dan hmanga lei chhung tui awmna zawn dan a ni a. A tlem berah metre 100 vel tal electric kalna tur hrui (cable) zam a ngai ṭhin.

Electric hrui thui tak zam a ngaih ṭhin avangin kan ram zawl zau leh thui awm tam lohnaah hi chuan hman uar a har viau. Hrui kan zam thui theih poh leh lei hnuai (sub-surface) lama leilung awm dan kha kan hmu thuk thei ṭhin.

Remote sensing leh GIS method: Hei hi a tunlai bera ngaih a ni a. Ral khat aṭang thil hriat theihna (remote sensing) ah satellite-in ram thla a lak hi an hmang uar ta hle. Geographical Information System (GIS) hi thil dang dang tam takah pawh an hmang lar hle. Remote sensing leh GIS hmang hian leichhung tui awm theihna atana thil pawimawh chi hrang hrangte zirchian theih a ni a. A tlangpuiin lung chi hrang (lithology), a ram awih leh zawl dan (slope), leilung khi leh kak (geological structure-fault, fracture, lineament), a ram hmul leh ram hman dan (land cover/ land use), a ram pian hmang (geomorphology), a ram lei (soil), lui leh kawr awm dan (drainage), a ram san zawng (relief/elevation) te a hrang ṭheuhvin map-ah siam phawt an ni a. GIS hmangin vek chuan heng map chi hrang hrangte dah thuahin leichhung tui awm duhnate chu a hriat theih ta ṭhin a ni. Hemi hmang hian leichhung tui awmna thuk zawng leh a tui haw tam theih dan tlangpui chu a hriat thei a ni.

Mizoramah groundwater: Kum 2003 khan Aizawl khawpui chhungah Resistivity Method hmangin ground water zirchianna neih a ni a. Hetah hian tuna Directorate of Geology & Mineral Resources-a Director Pu Lalṭhazuala leh Pu Deputy Director Pu Lalchamliana te chu a sulsutu an ni a. 2004 khan Lalthazuala, Lalchamliana leh Lianngura Pachuau te hian Champhai khawpui survey an nei bawk. He’ng zirchiannaah hian Resistivity survey hi tlangram leh khawpui, in leh lo biknaahte hman a harsat thu an ziak a. Ground water recharge a pawimawh thu leh ground water quality chungchang an ziak bawk.

Mizorama ground water zirchianna leh hman ṭangkaina chungchanga sawi hmaih thiang lo chu Pu R. Lalruatkima tuna PHE Department-a Hydrogeologist ni mek hi a ni bawk. Central Ground Water Board, tuna Ministry of Jal Shakti hnuaia awm mekte hian Mizoram district ṭhenkhatah ground water zirchianna chipchiar vak lo an lo nei tawh a, report bu-booklet (lehkhabu te) lehkhabu puitlinga chhiar chi ni lem lo an lo tichhuak ve tawh bawk. Hun a lo kal leh deuh a, ground water zawnchhuahna leh a quality chungchangah kum 2020 khan doctorate degree neite an lo chhuak ve ta a, Mizorama ground water chungchang lehkhabu puitling hmasa ber leh a awmchhun la ni rih (Ground water resources in Mizoram) pawh kan lo nei ve ta.

Tuihna kiam zel avangte, luitui kâm zel vangte hian buh leh bal chawmna leh in chhung khura tui kan mamawh zat hi neih a harsa tawlh tawlh niin a lang a. Ram ṭhang zel leh mihring pung chho zel hian tui mamawhna a tisang zel dawn bawk. Chumi a nih avang chuan ground water hi kan mamawhna a sang deuh deuh dawn niin a lang a. Tui kan mamawh min phuhrutu ber pakhat a la nih dawn avangin ground water hi kan ngaih pawimawh a hun ta hle.

Kan hman ṭhen zel avang chu ni pakhat mah se ramngaw a chereu zel avang te, sik leh sa danglam avang te, hmasawnna ruhrel-kawng laih, insak leh thil dangte avangin kan leichhung tui hi a kam chak viau thei.
Hman ṭangkai kan tum viau lai hian awmze nei lo leh zirchianna awm lova ground water lak chhuah vak vak hian thil ṭha lo a thlen thei a, lei tlahniam (land subsidence) a thlen thei a, tuikhur leh lui te a tikang chat thei bawk. Lak chhuah nasat lutuk hian a tiphai lutuk thei a, pump chhuah harsa khawpa thukah a tihniam thei a ni.

Chuvangin, ground water kan pump chhuah leh hman ṭangkai dawn reng rengin heti lamah a thiamte ràwn hmasak hi keimahni leh kan ram tan a pawimawh a ni.

- Dr F. Lalbiakmawia, Asst. Hydrogeologist, PHE Department, Mizoram