Mizo ṭawng ṭobul leh hmasawn dan

Mizo ṭawng ṭobul hi chhui thiam a har fu mai a, a chhan chu Mizote'n A Aw B an neih ṭan kum 1894 chauh kha a la ni na a, tunah hian kum 128 a kal mek a. Chutih rual chuan Mizo ṭawng chhui dawn chuan Mizo bulbal pawh chhui tel zel a ngai bawk ang.

Mizo ṭawng ṭobul hi chuan tun thleng hian Linguis­tic Survey of India Volume 11 buatsaihtu G.A. Grierson-a chhui dan hi innghahna tlak ber niin a lang. Ani chuan Mizo ṭawng chu Tibeto-Chinease (Sino-Chinese) family hlawm khat Tibeto-Burman an tih zinga mi, chumi hlawma Assam-Burmese branch-a ṭawng hrang hlawm te pasarih zinga pakhat Kuki-Chin group tia vuah zinga mi niin a ziak (Mizo Ṭawng Chhuina 2&3).

Ralluaii Chhangte chuan; Mizo ṭawng hi ṭawng chikmi (Linguist) ho chuan Tibeto-Burman ṭawng tam takte zinga ṭawng pakhatah an dah a. Tibeto-Burman hi Tibeto-Chinese (Sino- Tibetan) zinga ṭawng peng pakhat a ni a. Hemi peng zingah hian Tibet ṭawng leh Kawl (Burma) ṭawng mai bakah heng ram pahnih inkar leh an chhehvela khawchhak lam miho ṭawng hrang hrang hi a tel ve a ni (Mizo Ṭawng Chikna 2).

Mizo ṭawng ṭobul chu Tibeto-Chinese emaw Sino-Tibetan family-a Tibeto-Burman hlawm zinga Kuki-Chin group an tih zinga mi a ni kan ti thei ang. Mizo ṭawng a nih hma, Lusei ṭawng a nih dan te, Lusei ṭawng a nih hmaa Duhlian ṭawng a nih dan te lo chhui ila; Duhlian Ṭawng:

Mizo Upate sawi aṭanga Mizo ṭawng bulbal lam thua kan hriat hlat ber chu Duhlian ṭawng hi a ni. Duhlian hnam an awm hauh si lo a, eng tin nge Duhlian ṭawng a nih theih? B.Lalthangliana ziak lo thlir ve ila.

Ziaka kan hmuh theih hmasak ber chu South Lushai Hills Superintendent R.H. Hutchinson-a'n 1897-a a chhuah lehkhabu thu­hmahruai ziaktu W.B. Odham, Commissioner, Chittagong-in kum 1896 March ni 23-ah Eng vangin nge hnung lama sam zial Lusei hi Duhlien emaw Lushai emaw an tih, Hmar te, Ralte te, Paite te huam ve si lovin?' tia a ziak hi a ni.

Mizo hnahthlak chi peng hrang hrangte hian mahni inkoh dan kan nei ang bawkin mi dangin min koh dan a awm bawk a. Chu­tiang zel chuan Duhlian tih hi Paite (Zomi) te, Thado te, Vaipheite'n Lusei an kohna a ni a, hmanlai deuh phei chuan Ralte ho koh dan pawh a ni maithei tih hi a ni (Mizo Ṭawng Chhuina 2&3).

H.Lalrinawma chuan;
Duhlian ṭawng chu Seipui khura cheng, Lusei hnahthlak leh Hmar, Pawi (Lai) hnahthlak ṭhenkhat ṭawng tualleng ber, AD 1500 leh 1550 bawr lai vela mi a ni a tih theih ang. Duhlian (Modern Mizo Language) chu Zofate Seipui leh a chheh vela an khawsak thlang tlak hma AD 1400-1500 inkar vela piang Zohnahthlak ṭawng chi hrang hrang nena sam inphiar zawm tlat a ni (Mizo Ṭawng Chhuina 9).

Lt. Col. J.Shakespear chuan, “Lusei ho ṭawng hman, Lusei ṭawng an tih, Duhlian ṭawng an tih bawk, rinhlelh rual loha hnam dang an chenpuite ṭawng nena an hman pawlh tawh chu tunah chuan Lushai Hills pumpuia an ṭawng hman lar ber a ni” (Mizo Ṭawng Chhuina 13).

G.A. Grierson-a'n Linguistic Survey of India Volume 11-a ziahah chuan, “Anmahni chuan Duhlian an inti a, an ṭawng chu Duhlian a ni,” (Mizo Ṭawng Chhuina 13) tiin a tarlang. Hei hian kum 1900 chho vel emaw hma lamah emaw kha chuan Lusei ṭawng tih aiin Duhlian ṭawng tih hi a la lar zawk tih a tilang. Tin, Lusei hnam peng ril ṭawng pawh a ni lo tih a hriat a ni.

Lusei Ṭawng:
Duhlian ṭawng kan sawi tawh a, chu Duhlian ṭawng chu eng hun aṭang khan emaw Lusei ṭawng tih a lo ni leh ta a. Rev. Liangkhaia chuan, Mizo hnam hrang hrangte tih a ziahnaah Lusei tih a ziak hmasa ber a. Chu'ngte chu “Pachuau, Chhangte, Chawngte, Chuaungo, Chuauhang, Chhakchhuak, Hauhnar, Hrahsel, Tochhawng, Vanchhawng leh lal chi te,” (Mizo Chanchin 24, 25 & 26) tiin a dah a, a chi te peng pawh a ziak tel a, “Hengho hi Seipui aṭanga khaw danga an indan darh hma zawng 1640 vel thleng khan kum 200 dawn lai Chhakchhuak tlang khuaah leh Seipui khurah te an awmkhawm ṭhin a,” (27).

Seipui leh a chhehvela Lusei khua khaw 11 leh Duhlian khaw dang 13-a awmte chuan Duhlian ṭawng an hmang ṭheuh a. Mahse, an han awm hran rei hnu chuan a lo dang ṭan hret hret a. Nimahsela, Seipui leh Lusei khaw danga awmte chuan Duhlian ṭawng chu fîr takin an hmang zel a (29).

Kum zabi 18-na chanve a lo inher chhuah aṭang chuan Luseiho pawh chuan, Ṭiau thlang lam tlak thlak zai an rel ve ta a... Chu'ng Sailo khua leh Hualngo khuate bakah Zahau khua leh Fanai khuate pawhin Duhlian ṭawng chu an hman tam ber a lo ni chho zel a. Lal ṭawng, rorelna ṭawng a ni a, a lar lo thei lo a. Lalte berin an ṭawng hman chu Lusei ṭawng tih a lo ni chho ta zel a.

Duhlian tih chu a ri tlem tial tial a. Lehkha zirnaa mother tongue hming atan pawh Lushai tih a ni. Kan ṭawng sawi nan Lusei ṭawng tih chu mi tin hman ber a lo ni a. A ṭawng tak chu Duhlian ṭawng kha ni mah se, a sawina ṭawngkam atan Lusei ṭawng a lo ni ta.

Mizo Ṭawng:
Ni 21.01.1972 aṭang chuan Mizo District ni ṭhin chu Mizo Union Territory tih a lo ni a. Chu chuan kawng hrang hrangin nghawng a nei a. Lushai Hills District tih ni ṭhin pawh Mizo District tihin an thlak a. Lushai Hills tihah hian 'Lushai' tih hrim hrim hi a dik tâwk lo a, Lusei hnam bil ang chauh kawk anga ngaih theih a ni. Lushai Hills District tih chu Mizo District tia thlak duhna lian tak a awm. Rajya Sabha M.P. Thanhlira'n Parliament-ah a pu lut a. Chuta ṭawng chuan Mizo District a lo chhuak ta a ni (32).
Hun a kal zel a, Zosaphovin Mizo an awp chhung chuan Mizote chu Lushai tih an ni reng a, ram chu 'Lushai Hills' an ti a. Ṭawng pawh Lushai an ti zel a. 1894 hma lam chuan Mizovin hawrawp kan nei lo a, lungphunah te chuan, an ral thah lu leh sakei lu lemte ṭha vak lovin an ker ṭhin. 1894-ah Savidge leh Lorrain sap lo chhuak chuan Mizo chu hawrawp, roman script hmangin min siam a. (Lunglai Hnemtu 8).

Pu Buanga leh Sap upate chuan 1894-ah A Aw B min siamsak a, a lehkhabu, 'Dictionary of The Lushai Language' – An Orthography chungchang a sawinaah, Pu Buanga chuan he alphabet siam hi roman hawrawp hmangin Hunterian System of Orthography kalhmang zuia siam a ni tih a sawi a. Pu Buanga Dictionary-ah tihian alphabet kan hmu.

a â aw âw b ch
d e ê f g h
i î k l m n
o p r s t ṭ
u û v z.
(Dictionary of Lushai Language VIII)
tiin a ziak a ni. A Aw B min siamsaktu chu Pu Buanga leh Sap Upa an ni a. A tirin famkim tâwk lo mah se, literature chu a ṭhan ṭhin avangin vawiina kan A Aw B hman hi a hring ta a ni.

Pu Buanga leh Sap Upate hian Mizo alphabet an siam hma khan TH Lewin-a ziak, The Hill Tracts of Chittagong And The Dwellers Therein leh Progressive Colloquial Exercise in Lushai Dialects of the 'Dzo' or Kuki Language tih leh Brojo Nath Shaha siam, 'Grammar of Lushai Language' aṭangtein an inzir nasa hle.

Tlipna:
Mizo ṭawng kan hman mek hi chu Lusei ṭawng chauh ni lovin Mizo hnam peng hrang hrang ṭawngin a hlawm khawm leh sam zai anga inphiar chiat niin a hriat. Heng bakah hian Mizo hla hlui tam takah a hmuh theih a ni. Chu vangin Mizo ṭawng hi 'Mizo ṭawng a nihna ang ngeiin Mizo hnam peng hrang hrang inbelh bawmin a siam a ni' tiin kan kualkhung thei ang.

Zirna lam pawh Mizo ṭawng chuan hma a sawn zel a. Lushai chu Matric thlengin Culcutta University-in kum 1930 chuan, Vernacular pakhatah a pawm a. Guwahati University-in BA thlengin 1962 aṭangin a pawm leh a. Kum 1933 aṭang khan North Eastern Hills University (NEHU) chuan Honours thlengin subject pakhatah a hmang a. Kum 1972 aṭang khan 'Lushai' tia an lo dah ṭhin hming chu 'Mizo' tiin College lamah chuan Gauhati University chuan a thlak ta a. Sikul lam pawhin College leh University tih dan hi zuiin 'Mizo' tiin an thlak ve leh ta. Kum sangbi thar kan chuang kai a, Mizoram University neiin tunah phei chuan Doctorate degree hial pawh a zir theih ta. Hei hi Mizo ṭawng ziak leh chhiar thiam hnu leh thiam hma Mizo ṭawng ṭhan chhoh leh inrem fel dan tlangpui a ni.

- H Tlangmuankima II Semester, M.Ed, Mizoram University