INTERNATIONAL DAY OF FORESTS 2022 & CLIMATE CHANGE

March ni 31 hi 1971 atangin “World Forestry Day”-ah hman ṭhin a ni a. UN General Assembly Novem­ber 28, 2012-ah “Inter­national Forests Day" (IFD)-ah puangin hman a ni ta a ni. Kumin 2022 thupui chu, "Forests and sustainable production and consumption” (Forest aṭanga dehchhuah leh hman renchem emaw, a heksak lo zawng/ a tlo zawnga hman) tih a ni. Hei hian ramngaw humhalh lam a kawk tel a, chu chuan boruak lum chho zel tur (climate change) a ti ziaawm thei a ni.

Khawvel pum huap lum chho zel hi 'global war­ming' an ti a; sik leh sa - khaw lum leh khaw awm dan (weather pattern)-in a nghawng - ruah sur, thlipui tleh, tui lian, khawkheng adt. avanga boruak danglam zel hi 'climate change' a ni.

Kan chenna khawvel lum zual ni/ kumte chu 2009, 2017, 1020 leh 2021 te an ni. Tun kum zabi chhung hian nasa zawkin a lum chho lehzual tura ngaih a ni. Climate change hi mihring thil tih (human activity) avanga lo awm a ni a, a chhan lian ber nia ngaih chu lungalhthei hal khu (carbon)-in boruak chhia Carbon dioxide (Co2) a siam tam vang a ni.

Climate change thlentu lar zual deuhte ch, mihring siam chhuah Green House Gases (GHGs), ramngaw tihchereu, lo neih leh ran vulh, thing zai leh tuahthing lak nasat lutuk vang te, ram kang leh Gas & Oil leh Coal laih chhuah leh hal vang te, tuifinriat che vel leh a chim chin sang ṭhin te, lirnghing, tlangkang, tsunami adt.Heng zinga khawlum siam­tu lian ber chu Fossil fuel (Oil, Gas & Coal) leh ram­ngaw tihchereu te hi a ni.

Fossil-fuel chu lei hnuaia thing leh ramsa ṭawih ral tawhte aṭanga lo awm petroleum - Oil & Gas leh, Lungalhthei (coal) laih chhuah hal khu te an ni. Lungalhthei hal khu hian boruak chhia Carbon dioxide (C02) leh Nitrous oxide (N2O) a siam a. Leilet buh hmun aṭangin Methane (CH4) leh Refrigerator aṭangin Chlo­rofluorocarbons (CFC) te an lo chhuak a. Heng zing­ah hian Carbon dioxide( C02) hi khawlum siamtu ber a ni.

Deforestation/ Ram­ngaw tihchereu: Khawvel ram 30% vel hi ramngawin a khuh a, ramngaw hlang-in Carbon 75% a pai. Ram­ngaw chu thing leh mau, ramsa, nungcha tinreng mita hmuh theih leh hmuh theih loh 80% awmna hmun a ni a; mahse, khawvela ram­ngaw zatve vel chu tih­chereu a ni tawh.

Tunah chuan Oil &Gas leh lungalhthei laihchhuah aiin, deforestation hi ram­ngaw tichhetu lian bera ngaih a ni tawh a ni.

Ramngaw hian boruak lum a veng a, leiah carbon 30% vel a chhek khawl (carbon sink/sequatration) a, hnah hringin boruak chhia (carbon dioxide) a hip a, boruak ṭha (Oxygen) a pe chhuak a. kan lo hip ta ṭhin a ni. Ramngaw chuan tuihna leh lei chhung tui a siam a, lei a vawng dai a, lei luang ral tur leh leimin turte a veng a, mihring leh ramsa leh nungcha tinreng ei leh in tur a pe a, a pawimawh em em a ni.
India hian khawvela GHGs 7% a tichhuak a: Carbon dioxde-79%, Methane-14%, Nitrous oxide-5% a tichhuak a ni. China-in Carbon a tichhuak tam ber a, a dawtah USA, a pathumna chu India a ni. Electricity-ah 30.8% chu Renewable Energy (Ni, Tui adt.) aṭangin a siam a, 60.2% fossil-fuel aṭangin a siam a, chuta 51% chu lungalhthei aṭanga siam a ni. Kum 2030-ah chuan 40% chu lungalhthei aṭanga siam lovin, Renewable Energy (RE)-ni leh tui adt. aṭangin siamchhuah a tum a ni. Industry-ah 50% chu cement, iron leh steel aṭanga siam a ni a, Agriculture-ah 25% vel chu chemical fertilizer leh Lo hal khu ilo aṭanga lo awm a ni.

Khawvein a buaipui
Khawvel ram 200 inzawmkhawmte chuan Kyoto inremna 2015 leh Copenhagen thuthlung angin, GHGs avanga boruak lum chho zel hi 2050-ah chuan degree 2 aia hniam turin thuthlung an siam a, degree 2-a a san leh vaih chuan khawvelah hian mihring leh nungchate kan cheng thei dawn tawh lova ngaih a ni! Ramngaw bakah dil leh lui kama dum leh chirhdiak (Peat-land)-ah hian Carbon tam tak a inphum (sink) a. Tuifinriat, tuipui, lui leh dila thil te tak tete pat-ek leh hnim ilo awmte hi Carbon vawnghimtu (gardener) ṭha tak an ni a, Carbon tawmkhawmna ṭha berte an ni. Khawvel pum boruak lum zel tur ven nan ramngaw, lui kam, dum awmna hmunhma humhalh te, tuikawng (irrigation) siam te, carbon treading te, thing phun te, thlai phun pawlhte hi ṭha tih a ni a. Khawvela ramngaw hloh hnem ber Nigeria-ah phei chuan boruak vawng dai turin tuikawng siam hi ṭha bera ngaih a ni (Perkins,2010 in:Climate change, Onoja, et al. 2011). Lo neitute pawhin ramngaw vat lovin, “chul rih” ni se, tih hi an recommend mauh mai! Tin, ram changkangah chuan motor leh car hi ni zung hmanga tlantir (solar electric vehicle) a ni a, Europe ramah an hmang ṭan mek.

India ramah chuan thlai chin pawlh te, khawlum do thei thlai chin te, Loa lei chhun vum tlar siam te, van ruah tla dawhkhawm te, drip irrigation (pipe hmanga tui fartir) te, irrigation changkang siam te, building sak dan leh hrai siam leh zawm te, luikam lung rem te, tuihawk luankawr nghet leh tlo (sustained drainage system) siam te, leimin leh tuihawk ilo dang thei tur lung rem te, thlipui, tui lian,lirnghing, tlangkang, tsunami inralrinna siamte chu ngaihpawimawh a ni.

UN Climate Change (COP26) inkhawmpui, Glassgow.
Nikum Nov.3-12,2021-a neih takah khan IPCC report-ah hengte hi a tel a. (1) Sik leh sa hi rin ai daiha nasain a thleng mek.(2) Tun century chhung hian tun aia nasa a thleng dawn. (3)Boruak lum lutuk tukdaih theih tawh loh hun a thleng thei. (4) Ram hausa leh rethei inkar leh inbeihna (conflict)-in chhiatna a thlen thei. (5) Invenna hi awm tehreng mah se, a hautak lutuk a, ram rethei zawkte ṭanpui an ngai. (6)Sik leh sa danglam chak lutuk hi ven a harsa tihte a ni.

COP26 rorelte: (1) COP26 chuan Paris 2015 inremna a pawm nawn leh a, kum 2050-ah chuan khawvel lumna degree 2 aiin a sang lo tur a ni a, a hniam zawk tur a ni tih a ni. Khawvel ram 200 dáwn kalkhawm chuan (1) Kum 2030-ah chuan Carbon dioxide 45%-a tihhniam an rel a. (2) Ram 141 aia tam chuan 2030-ah ramngaw tihchereu tawh loh/tihtawp an remti a, USA, Canada, Russia, Congo, Brazil, Indonesia te pawh an tel a; mahse, China leh India an ngawi tlat thung. (3) Climate change do nan $ vbc 19.2 thawh an tiam. (4) Ram 40 aia tamin lungalhthei hman tawh loh an intiam a; mahse, China, India, USA leh Australia te chu an ngawi hmak mai. (5) Ram 100 aia tamin 2030-ah Methane 30%-a tihhniam an an intiam a. Hetah hian China, Russia, Iran leh India an tel duh lo leh tlat bawk.

COP 26 thil tum lian ber chu, kum 2050-a Co2 siam tawh loh (net-zero pledge) a ni a. Ram 137 aia tam chuan Carbon dioxide siam tawh loh an remti a. Nigeria-in 2060-ah a intiam a, China chuan a hmain 2060-a tihtawp a lo intiam tawh a. India-in 2070-ah inthlahrung angreng tak chungin a intiam ve a. Eng tak ang hlawm ang maw? Japan-in Asia rama carbon siam tihtlem nan $ bvc 10 pek a intiam rup mai. A tiṭha hle a ni.

India intiam theih leh theih loh te:
1. Kum 2070-ah carbon tihtawp a intiam.
2. Kum 2030-ah carbon 45% tihhniam a intiam.
3. Kum 2030-ah fossil-fuel hmang lova energy tihchhuah a tum.
4. Kum 2030-ah energy mamawh zatve fossil fuel tel lova siam a tum.
5. Kum 2030-a GHGs tihchhuah tum zat aṭanga ton vbc 1 tihhniam a tum.
6. Lungalhthei hman loh a intiam thei lo.
7. Ramngaw tihchereu loh a intiam thei lo bawk.

Mizoramah engtin nge ni ve ta ang le?
Greenhouse Gases (C02, C0, NO, CFC) siamtu Fossil fuel (Coal kan nei lo va, Oil & Gas molecules erawh chu Zawlnei Saikhuman a lo puan lawk tawh angin, kan lei hnuaiah a awm ve ngei niin a lang a, engtikah tak lak chhuah theih ni ang maw! Tunah chuan GHGs-ah harsatna kan nei lo a, ramngaw tihchereu (deforestation) leh ram kang (forest fire) erawh chu kum tinin kan nei a. India ramah Madhya Pradesh-in forest a nei zau ber a (77,492.60 sq.km), a ram zau zawng aṭanga chhutin za zela forest cover chu 25.14% chauh a nei a. Mizoram forest zau zawng chu 17,820 sq.km a ni a, za zela forest cover chu 84.53% a ni a, India ramah a sang ber kan ni. Kum 2019 & 2021-a Mizoram forest dinhmun chu hetiang a ni: VDF/Ramngaw hlang 0.74 & 0.70%; MDF/Ramngaw pangngai 27.52 & 27.11%; OF/Ramngaw phirsi 57.15 & 56.86%. Za zela ramngaw neih zat chu 2019-ah 85.41%; 2021-ah 84.53%. Forest hloh zat 2019-ah 180.49 sq.km., 2021-ah 185.51 sq.km a ni (SFR 2019,2021). District levela forest ngah dan indawt - Mamit, Lunglei (undivided), Aizawl (undivided), Lawngtlai, Siaha, Kolasib, Serchhip, Champhai (undivided) te a ni. Ramngaw kan hloh chhan lian ber chu Lo/huan vah leh hal a ni a; thingzai, banril, tuahthing lak leh meihawl rawh, kawng siam, adt.
Ramngaw kan tihchereu nasat avangin khua a ro a, boruak a lum a, tuihna a tlemin, a kang a, tui a kámin, lui a kangchat a. Mizorama sik leh sa leh khawlum tukdaih nana ṭan lakna tur kawng hrang hrang a awm thei ang a, tlem azawng han tarlang ila.

(1) Kan ram mil tawk environment & forest policy neih a ngai. (2)Ramngaw khawih loh policy - hei hi a awlsam ber a, a ṭha ber bawk. (3) Ramngaw leh nungcha, lui dung leh lui kam humhalh leh venhim. (4) Ramngaw chereu tawh tihramngaw leh. (5) Tum mumal tak neia thing phun a, enkawl zui - phun tam ringawt aiin, thing phun tur, a phunna hmun tur, a venhimna leh enkawl zuina ruahman lawk. (6) Tuihna tihnun leh nan lui hnar leh tuikhur chhehvel humhalh leh tihramngaw leh, lei luangral tur dan nan leh tuihna siam nan, lei laih khuara Rain Garden siam. (7) Bawlhhlawh leh hnawmhnawk, polythene paihna mumal tak siam. (8) Ni zung chakna (solar energy) chena in leh huan leh zau - a hman ṭangkai leh hman uar. (9) Lei chung hang luang ral tur dan nan huan - lo-ramah (a) Rain Garden siam (khur ft. 6x3x4 laih khuar a, a zatve lung leh lei iloa hnawh) (b) Zo-terrace siam (c) Zopa changkham - thing, mau, changela siam emaw lung ilo rem (d) khur laih (e) Changkham thlur - changdawl siam. (e) Hnahlan grape huan anga lei laih thlur siam (g) Changkhan/Changdawl thlur leh thlur inkarah lakhuihthei adt. phuna leh changdawl zawla thlai/thei phun. Hengahte hian kum tin insawn insawn ngai lovin, kum 3-10 inkar huan-lo-ram nghet, semi-permanent tal a neih theih ang. Kerala state chuan “carbon-neutral farming” an siam tawh nghe nghe a. Tun hnai maiah hian National Horticulture Mission hnuaiah “hydroponics urban vertical farming” an kalpui mek bawk. Tunlai thiamna (technology) hman ṭangkai thiam ve zel hi thil ṭul tak a ni.

Sources:
1. Climate change in India. https://Wikipedia.org./climate change.
2. Mahli, Y.2008.Climate change, deforestation, and the fate of the Amazon.Science,319:169&170
3. Onoja, U.S. et al., 2011. Climate change: causes, effects and mitigation measures: A review. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 17(4):469-479.
4. State of Forest Report: Madhya Pradesh & Mizoram, 2019, 2021.
5. United Nations Climate Change Conferenc, 2021. https://::en.wikipedia.org.
6.World Resource Institute. Deforestation-second leading cause of climate change.

- Prof. H.Lalramnghinglova