GRAMMAR PAWIMAWHNA

Tun ṭumah hian ‘grammar pawimawhna’ kan sawi dâwn. Ṭawng chungchânga grammar pawi­mawhna hi point hrang hranga ṭhen sawmin sawi tur a tam a; a funpuiin kan ṭhet deuh tawp rih dâwn a ni.

1. Grammar awmze tlangpui: Mizo zinga a nâwlpuiin ‘grammar’ kan hmelhriat dan hi a fuh tâwk lo. Grammar chu ngaihno bei lo zet chunga dik fuk fuka ṭawng dan inzirtirna hmanrua ang leka ngâi tâwk kan la tam niin a lang a; hei vang hian mi tam tak chuan ‘grammar’ hi a awmzia leh a nihna hre chiang si lovin kan pawngpaw hnualsuat phah ringawt mai ṭhin ni te pawhin a lang.

Nimahsela, ‘grammar’ awmzia chu chutiang chu a ni lo a, a tâwi thei ang bera sawi fiah nân chuan J.F. Laldailova’n, “ṭawng dik zirna,” tia a lo sawi hian a fun kim tâwi hle.

Ṭawng hrang hrang hian mahniin kal phung bik leh ziarâng hran an nei ṭheuh a, Mizo ṭawng pawh hian amahin kal phung bik leh ziarâng hran a nei fel ṭha êm êm a. Chutianga ṭawngin mahni-a kal phung bik a neih zuk zirchianna aṭanga amâ kal phung dik ngeia ṭawng chelek thiamna hi ‘grammar’ chu a ni mai.

Hmanlaia Khampat leh Seipuikhur inkâra an la thên tawn mai mai lâi huna kan pi leh pute ṭawngah pawh khân ‘grammar’ hi a lo awm fel daih tawh. Kan pi leh pute khân grammar term sawina hming hrang hrang - ‘noun, adjective, verb, adverb... adt.’ tih ang chi hi la hre ve kil kel lo mah sela, khatih lâia an ṭawngah khân thil sawina hming ‘noun’ thumal te, thil nih phung sawi fiahna ‘adjective’ thumal te, thil tih sawina ‘verb’ thumal te, thil tih sawifiahna ‘adverb’ thumal te hi an ṭawngah khân a lo awm kim thlip thlep vek tawh a. Chûng thumalte chu an awmze mila dik leh mâwi taka an lo chelek thiamna kha ‘grammar’ chu a ni ta vek mai a ni.

2. Thu chheh dik nana grammar pawimawhna: Mizo ṭawng hi dik leh mâwi taka chhep chhuak thiam tur chuan a hmasain ‘syntax’ dika kan chheh thiam a ngai. ‘Syntax’ chu grammar dana ṭawng bung hrang hrang leh thumal hrang hrang- ‘noun, adjective, verb, adverb... adt.’ leh punctuation mark ang chi rêng rêng dik leh fel taka awmze neia rem khâwm thiamna hi a ni tiin a sawi theih mai àwm e.

‘Syntax’ dik mang lova thu chheh rêng rêng chu a ulhin, a awmzia pawh hriat thiam a har phah ṭhin. Entirna mâwl tê han târlang ila: Mizo ṭawng grammar kal phung hre miah lova Vaiho-ina syntax dik mang hlei lova Mizo ṭawnga thil an han sawi ve ṭhin te hi chu a nawi nak mai ṭhin a. “Hetah hian lo awm la, ka rawn lam ang che min ti,” tih thu sawi ve an han tumnaah te hian, “Amah chu, ‘Hetah awm rawh,’ tih shawi; ‘Keimah lo kal ang,’ tih shawi,” ti tein an sawi vel mai mai zel a ni.

Ruata chaw ei tawh thu sawi kan tumnaah te pawh, “A ei tawh chaw Ruata chuan,” tiin sawi ta ila, he kan thumal chheh khâwm indawt dan hi Mizo ṭawng kal phungah a ‘syntax’ a dik loh avangin a ulh ṭùng maiin a hriat a ni. Nimahsela, heta thumal ṭangho ngai chiah tho hi a ‘syntax’ dika kan chheh chhuah erawh chuan, “Ruata chuan chaw a ei tawh,” tih a ni ang a, kan ṭawngkam hi a mâmin a dik zaih thung ang.

Hetiang hian grammar dan bawh chhiaa ‘syntax’ dik lova Mizo ṭawng kan chhehnaah chuan ṭawng kau chheh ulh pui pui hi kan chelek ta ṭhin a. Kan Pathian lehkhabu leh kan Kristian hla bu-ah te, kan lehkhabu dang dang leh kan chanchinbu-ah te ṭawng kau chheh ulh pui pui a lo inzeh palh fo chhan pawh hi ‘syntax’ dik lova thu chheh a lo inzeh ṭhin vang a ni.

Chuvangin, awmze nei leh dik thlarha thu chhep chhuak thiam tur chuan kan thumal fawm khâwmte kha ‘syntax’ dika kan chuktuah khâwm thiam a ngai ta a. Chutianga syntax dika thumal hrang hrangte awmze nei leh fel taka chhep chhuak thiam tur chuan ‘grammar’ thìam a pawimawh ta a ni.

3. Thu ziak mi tâna grammar pawimawhna:
Thu thiam tak takte thu leh hla ziaka kan dah chhuahna turah hian grammar pawimawhzia hi a lang chiang lehzual a. Thu mâwi leh lung kuai tak takte pawh hi ziaka kan chhawp chhuahnaah grammar dik lova kan ziah pherh nuaih mai chuan a ngaihno beina kha a bo zo vek thei a, thu awmze nei lo ang hialah a chhuah phah thei ṭhin a ni.

Entir nân– 'Ka lakai thilbei seichumin hrilh laka pektheihhlu berpawhka peangche’ tih hi ṭawngkâa sawi maiah chuan ṭawngkam mawi tak a tling ang a; amaherawhchu, tuna ziaka kan dah chhuah danah erawh hi chuan a awmzia hriat har khawpin chhiar dik a harsa a, thu awmze nei ni pawhin a lang lo hial a ni. A chhan chu, heta thumal hrang hrang inkawp khâwmte hi parts of speech-a an nihna awmze mila grammar hmanga kan thliar fel loh vang a ni ta a ni. Tichuan, he ṭawngkama thumal hrang hrang inkawp khâwmte hi parts of speech-a an nihna ang ṭheuha grammar hmanga kan rem felnaah chuan, ‘Ka laka i thil beisei chu min hrilh la, ka pek theih hlu ber pawh ka pe ang che’ tih a ni ang a, thu ziah awmze nei leh ṭawngkam mawi tak a lo chhuak thung dâwn a ni.

Hetiang hian, thu leh hla ṭha, ngaihno bei êm êm turte pawh hi ziaka kan dah chhuahnaah, ziah zawm leh ziah zawm loh turte hi grammar dik lova kan ziah niaih nuaih mai chuan chhiar a hahthlâk mai ni lovin, a awmzia hriat harsa khawpin a khawbâw zo vek thei a; thu leh hla ṭha tling tur ngei ngei pawh khân a hlutna a hloh zo vek thei hial ṭhin a ni. Chutih laiin, grammar dika ziah zawm leh ziah zawm loh tur fel taka kan chheh chhuah thiam erawh chuan kan thu ziah khân awmzia a neih mai bâkah, a nih tur ang a nih theih phah ta ṭhin thung a ni.

Punctuation kan hman dan pawh hìan kan thu ziah awmzia hi a khawih danglam thei hle bawk a. Entir nân– "Liana âr ru ṭhin kha an man," tia kan sawinaah hian punctuation mark ‘comma’ awm miah lova kan ziah hi chuan, ‘Liana’ hi tu emawin a âr a ruksak ṭhin a, chutianga Liana âr ruksak ṭhintu chu an man tâk thu kan sawina angin a lang thei ta a ni. Amaherawhchu, he ṭawngkam ngai chiah chiahah hian ‘Liana’ hi comma hmangin daidang ta ila, “Liana, âr ru ṭhin kha an man,” tih a ni ang a, hetah hi chuan âr ru ṭhintu chu ‘Liana’ hi a nih thu leh, amah ‘Liana’ hi an man thu kan sawina angin a lang ve thung dâwn a ni.

Hetiang hian, kan thu sawi kha ziaka kan dah chhuahnaah hian a lo chhiartute tâna a awmzia a fiah theihna tur chuan punctuation hman dik thiam te, ziah zawm tur leh ziah zawm loh tur hriat chian te hi a pawimawh êm êm a. Chûng zawng zawng chu hre fiah a, dik leh mâwi taka ziaka thu chhep chhuak thei tur chuan ‘grammar’ thìam hi a pawimawh ta vek mai a ni.

4. Grammar thìamnain ṭawng ziah dan hmâ a sawntir:
Nichina kan sawi lan tâk ang khân, ziah leh chhìar kan la thiam hmâ, hawrawp pawh kan la neih hmâ hauha kan pi leh pute ṭawngah khân thil sawina thumal hrang hrang—noun thumal te, adjective thumal te, verb thumal leh adverb thumal te...adt. hi a lo awm sa bii biai tawh a. Hawrawp kan neiha ziah leh chhìar kan han thìam ve tâk achinah khân, khâng kan pi leh pute ṭawng kan chhawm zui tâk zel kha ziaka dah chhuah ve kan duh ta a. Chutah chuan kan mi hmasate khân kan ṭawnga thumal awmze hrang hrang neite kha a thlìar fel dan an la hriat chian loh avangin, ziaka an thu dah kan hmuh theih an thlan lung phunah te chuan parts of speech-a ṭawng bung hrang hrangte kha a inzawm vekin, ‘KANNGAIHEMEM...ADAMLAIINSAKEIAKAP...’ tih ang chi tein an lo ziah zawm pêt pût vek mai ṭhin a ni.

Amaherawhchu, tlêmin hun a han kal hret a, grammar aṭangin thumal hrang hrangte chu an awmzia leh an nihna an thliar hrang thiam ve ta hret hret a. A hmâa an lo ziah zawm pêt pût ṭhin te kha eng emaw chen chu ziah hran tur leh ziah zawm tur an lo thliar thiam chho ve ṭan ta a. Chutiang chuan Mizo ṭawnga Bible an lehlin te pawh chu grammar aṭanga a dik zâwk hre tharin, an lo ziah tawh dan tam tak kha a dik zâwk nia an hriat angin an siam ṭha ta zel bawk a ni.

Hun a lo kal zel a, ṭhangtharte zingah grammar thiamna a lo sâng chho ve zel a. Ziah leh chhìar kan thìam ṭan tirh lai leh, a hnu lam deuha kan mi hmasate’na kan ṭawng bung hrang hrangte grammar lama an nihna an lo la hmuh fiah loh avanga, ziah dan dik tâwk lova kan lo ziah ṭhin tam takte kha a ziah dan dik zâwkin an rawn siam ṭha ta zel a. Chumi avang chuan ziaka thu leh hla kan vawn ṭhatte chuan mu leh mal nei chho telh telhin, kan literature pawhin hmâ a sâwn chhoh phah ta zel bawk a ni.

Mizote hìan grammar hi hmelhriat ve ta miah lo mai ila chu, ziaka kan ṭawng kan dah chhuah venaah hian kan thu leh hlate hi a chiri hneh hle ang tih a rinawm a. Grammar dana thu ziah dan dik kha a eng a mah kan hriat miau loh chuan mahni duh dan danin kan ziak kâwi vel mai mai ṭheuh dâwn tihna a ni mai a. A ṭhenin, ‘thawkrimlehphurritphurzawngzawngteukahnenahlokalrawhu’ tih thu te hi hetia an ziah zawm vek lâi hian, ṭhenkhat ve thung erawh chuan ‘thawkrimleh phurritphur zawngzawngteu kahnenah lokal rawhu’ tiin àwm an tih chin chinah thliar hrangin an ziak ve thung ang a; grammar aṭanga ziah dan dik kan hriat miau loh chuan, hetiang hian ziah dan kal phung dik mumal pawh awm lovin kan thu leh hlate hi kan ziak chiri vel mai mai dâwn tihna a ni.

Amaherawhchu, kan ṭawng hìan grammar kal phung fel tak a lo neih sa thlap avangin, chu amâ grammar kal phung dik awm sa chu grammar thiamte’na mi an hai chhuahsak azârah Mizo ṭawng hi amâ kal phung milin, ziah dan mumal takin kan lo ziak thei ta a. Tuna entir nâna kan thu han tar lana thumal hrang hrang inkawpte pawh hi parts of speech-a an nihna hmang khân fel takin ziah zawm tur leh ziah zawm loh tur kan lo hre thei ta a, “Thawk rim leh phur rit phur zawng zawngte u, ka hnenah lo kal rawh u,” tiin awmze neia chhiar theih turin kan lo chhep chhuak thei ta a ni. Hetiang hian grammar avang hian kan ṭawng hi awmze neiin ziakin kan lo dah chhuak thei ta a; vawiina kan ziah dan ni mêka ziah dan dik hlel tam tak la awmte pawh hi, grammar thiamte chuan grammar hmangin a chin fel hna an la thawh chhunzawm ta mêk zel bawk a ni.
Kan ṭawng leh kan ṭawng ziah danina hetiang taka hmâ a sâwn chhoh theihna chhan bulpui ber hi chu ‘grammar’ hi a ni a. Grammar leh grammar thiamte hi awm lo sela chu vawiinah hian Mizo ṭawng hi a dika ziah dan pawh kan la thiam lo ang a, ziaka literature kan dah chhuah ve te pawh hìan mu leh mal rêng rêng a nei thei dâwn lo a ni. Chuvangin, kan ṭawng hi amâ kal phung mila a ziah dan kan thiam theih nâna ‘grammar’ kan nei hi thil lawmawm tak mai a ni a. Hetiang taka ziaka kan literature vawn ṭhat nâna thil pawimawh ‘grammar’ hi a pawimawhzia leh a hlutzia hi hriain, thu leh hla lama tui mite chuan ‘grammar’ hi dah pawimawh chungin, thiam ve tura kan zir ve a ṭul ta a ni.

5. Tlang kawmna:
Mizo ṭawngin hmâ a sâwn zelna leh, hmâ a sâwn leh zelna tur atâna ‘grammar’ pawimawhzia hi sawi tur tam tak a la awm thei ang a; amaherawhchu, tun ṭum atân chuan kan sawi tâk chin hi kan duh tâwk rih mai
ang a.

A bik takin ziaka thu leh hla kan vawn ṭhatna atân hian grammar pawimawhzia hi kan hriat chian hle a ṭul tal zet a ni. Tunlaiah chuan ṭawngkâa thu inhlan chhawn âiin ziaka thu inhlan chhawn hi a tam tawh zâwk a. Lehkhabu leh chanchinbu mai ni lovin, smartphone hmang tein mi tin deuh thaw mai hìan ziakin thu kan inhlân tawn deuh vek tawh a. Hengah hian dik taka thu ziak thiam tur leh, ngaihno bei leh duhawm taka thu chhep chhuak thiam tur chuan ‘grammar’ thìam a pawimawh ta a. Grammar chuan thu ziah zawm tur leh ziah zawm loh tur te, punctuation mark zehna lâi tur te, hawrawppui leh hawrawpte hmanna tur zawng zawng te kha kimchang takin min hrilh fiah ṭhin a ni.

Thu thìam dan inchen rau rauah pawh grammar thiam leh grammar thiam lote thu leh hla chheh chhuah chu a inmâm nalh hleih êm êm a; grammar thiamte thu leh hla chuan belh chian a dâwl bik ṭhin a ni. Chuvangin, ziah dan dika Mizo ṭawng ziak thiam tur leh, Mizo ṭawng kal phung dika thu leh hla chhep chhuak mâwi thiam turin ‘grammar’ hi ngai pawimawh ila, thìam ve ngei tumin i zir peih bawk ang u.

- PC Thang Zikpuia