SUM PEIPUNAH BUMIN AWM SUH PART-II MUTUAL FUND INVESTMENT
Sum peipunah bumin kan awm loh nana thuziak kal zelah, tun ṭumah chuan Mutual Fund Investment chungchang kan zirho dawn a ni. Mutual tih chu ‘a huho’ tihna a ni mai a. Mi nawlpui tan Company hrang hrang share lei ṭeuh a har avang leh, Company share pakhat lek pawh cheng sang chuangte a nih ṭhin avangin Mutual Fund hi siam a ni ber a. Risk tihniam tura company hrang hrang share leina tura mi tam tak pawisa chu mutual fund-ah chhungkhawmin, chu pawisa tlingkhawm chu mithiam bikin man tlem te lain a leitute min lo enkawlsak ta a ni. Mutual fund te hi Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) hnuaiah inziaklut vek an ni a, inziaklut loten pawisa an dawng thiang lo a ni.
Mutual fund hi him thawkhata ngaih a nih laiin inbumna hriattur a awm leh zeuh ṭhin. Chuvangin mutual fund a pawisa peipung duh leh tumte chuan zirchianna leh lehkha pawimawhte chhiar chian hmasak phawt tur a ni. Mizorama Bank tam zawk hian mutual fund an zuar a, internet aṭanga mahnia lei duh lo leh bel lutuk lo tan chuan Bank ho kal chilh mai hi a finthlak ang. Internet hmang ṭhang tan chuan awlsam tein mahni ṭhuthmun aṭangin a tihfel mai theih thung a, mobile application pawh chi hrang hrang hman tur a awm a ni.
Mutual Fund a investment ti tur chuan ruahmanna mumal tak neih tur a ni:
Mutual fund-a pawisa kan peipun hian company tam takah a rualin neitu nihna kan lei tihna a ni a. Chuvangin kan pawisa hlutna kha a che reng tihna a ni. Mutual fund i lei fel hnu lawka i pawisa hlutna a hniam zawnga a kal a, i pawisa khan hlutna a hloh anga a lan lai tak kha engmah tih loh hun a ni a, i pawisa a lo pun chak viau lai tak kha awm mai mai hun a ni bawk. Mutual fund a pawisa peipung tur chuan engtia rei nge kan peipun dawn tih hriatchian sa tur a ni. Chutihrual chuan, hun rei deuh tana peipun a finthlak ber. Amaherawhchu, hun eng emaw chen kan fund manager chet dan kan en hnuah kan duhthu an sam lo a nih erawhchuan insawn mai a sual lo ang.
Mutual fund chi hrang hrang:
Mutual fund hi hming hrang hrang an phuah ve hlawm a. A hre ṭhang lo tan chuan luhaina tham a ni. Amaherawhchu, a kalphung hriatthiam chuan an danglamna a tam tehchiam lo a. Chungte chu :
Cap – capitalisation lam tawi mai a ni a. Company lenzawng tehna a ni. A tira Company tê (small) deuh chu an ṭhang duang a, a vanduai pawl erawh an tluchhe mai ṭhin thung. Company lian erawh chu an ṭhang uak uak tawh lo thung a, mahse an tluchhe mai mai tawh lo thung. Chuvangin Company liana share lei chu risk a hniam a, company-te a share lei chu a risk a sang a, tihfuh chuan hlawk viau thei thung si a ni. Company te deuh chu small cap tiin an sawi ṭhin a, a lian leh te inkar chu mid-cap an ti ve leh mai thung. Flexi cap emaw multi cap emaw an tih chuan company market capitalisation chi hrang hrangah i pawisa an dah dawn tihna a ni. Small cap fund an tih chuan company te deuhah i pawisa an lo peipung dawn tihna a ni leh mai. Hriatchian i duh chuan fund bik kha han enchiang deuh la, hun kal tawha an pawisa peipunna chu a list en theihin a awm vek a ni.
SIP–hei hi Systematic Investment Plan lam tawi a ni a. Thla tin i pawisa kha i fund thlansaah khan nangma buai ngai loin a hun ngaiah a lo in ‘cut’ zel dawn tihna a ni leh mai. Smart SIP a awm leh a, hetah hian fund manager khan a hun ngai rengah ni lo hun dik nia a hriatah i fund thlansa kha a lo lei belh zel dawn tihna a ni leh thung.
Debt fund–i pawisa a pung awmin i puktir tihna tluk a ni. Debt fund chu a pun dan a danglam nasa lo a, mahse a pung a tam lem lo thung.
Liquid fund – hun rei lo te pawisa mamawh company emaw bank emaw hnenah i sum puktirin an peipung tihna a ni.
Dividend mutual fund – Hetiang fund te hi chuan company shareholder hnena dividend an sem ṭhin ang deuhin i account ah pawisa an rawn thun ṭhin dawn tihna a ni. Mutual fund kaltlanga company share emaw a share ṭhen sawm emaw kan leiin a dividend chu kan ta a nihsa avang leh mutual fund te chu duh huna ‘redeem’ mai theih a nih avangin dividend ang zawnga pawisa dawn hian awmzia a nei thui lem lo a ni. Thil chi thar deuh tihchhuah hrim hrim tum vanga fund manager ten mipui hipna atana an siamchhuah ve mai niin a lang.
Total expense ratio:
Sawi tawh angin Mutual fund chu mithiam bikin an enkawl a nih avangin fee chawi a ngai a. Fee hi chi hrang hrang a awm leh a. Heng zawng zawng belhkhawm hi total expense ratio (TER) tiin an sawi ṭhin. Mutual fund hi an sum peipun dan record an tihlan hian TER paihsa a nih ṭhin avangin fee hniam apiang thlan tur tihna a ni kher lo. Fund enkawltute hi an inel ve reng avangin fee duh zat zat an la thei bik lo a. Tin, SEBI in an fee lak theih zat hi a bithliahsak bawk a ni.
Modern portfolio theory leh investor upat dan azira sum peipun dan:
Mutual fund chu mithiamin min enkawlsak ‘fund’ ni mah se, kan kum azirin kan tana ṭha tur tlem azawng hriat ngai a awm a ni. Modern portfolio theory hian equity (stock) hlanga fund dah aiin debt fund nena chawhpawlhin a return (risk reward) a ṭha tlangpui tih a sawi a. Chuvangin, ami nawlpui tan chuan equity leh debt chawhpawlh a ṭha a ni. Equity leh debt buk rih zawng (ratio) hi New Pension Scheme ( NPS hi mutual fund a ni tih kan sawi tawh kha) fund enkawltu lam mithiamte hian subscriber te thlan buai ngai loin an siam a. Hetiang an siam zinga mi nawlpui mil tura an siam ‘Moderate Life Cycle Fund’ an tih chu a hnuaia mi ang hi a ni:
NPS fund manager te ruahman dan aṭanga lo lang ta chu sum peipun chhung a rei poh leh equity a hlawk a, sum peipun chhung rei lo deuhah chuan ‘debt’ leh ‘Government Securities’ lam a ṭha tih hi a ni. Tin, company lian ‘large caps’ ho hi ‘mid cap’ leh ‘small cap’ aiin an man (price) a che nasa lo deuh bawk a, mahse company te deuh a innghat mutual fund chu a pung chak ve thung a ni.
Mutual fund chi hrang hrangte hi hman thiam chuan fee tlem te a mithiam ber berte thluak chhawr theihna a ni a. Hetiang mithiamte lo chhawr ṭangkaia sum peipun hi keini Mizote'n kan intihhmuh a hun ve viau tawh a ni. Sawi tawh angin, portfolio enkawl nan hun leh ngaihtuahna, hna bera kan nei a nih si loh chuan, sen reng a har em em a. Chuvangin hna bera nei mithiamte rin thiam a, an thiamna hmanga sum lo peipun hi kan zir thiam a, kan chhawr ṭangkai a hun tawh hle a ni. Tin, India ah phei chuan mutual funds enkawltute hi an che ṭha ṭhin hle a, chuvangin hman ṭangkai nachang kan lo hriat hian awlsam takin kan thawh hah ngai lo leh dan ang thlap ni bawk siin sum kan lo peipung ve thei dawn a ni.
Lalhruaizela Fanai, Mizoram Finance & Accounts Service, Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Financial Management)