Indo-Myanmar Trade leh kuhva

India leh Myanmar insumdawn tawnna chu kum 2020-21 chhungin US dollar vaibelchhe 13 lai a tling a, Myanmar tan India hi export market lian berte zinga mi a ni.

India hian damdawi, thir, electric leh electronic bungrua leh thildang tam tak Myanmar-ah a thawn chhuah laiin Myanmar aṭangin thing, eitur chi hrang hrang bete, beans leh a dangte tam tak a import bawk a ni. India leh Myanmar insumdawntawnna chu 92% lawng hmangin, 2% chu thlawhnain, 1% chu ramri kaltlangin neih a ni.

India hian Association of South East Asean Nations (ASEAN) ramte nena economics leh politics lama inlaichinna ṭha zawk a neih theih nân Look East Policy (1995), Act East Policy (2014) a duang chhuak a. Ramria India leh Myanmar insumdawntawnna hi phase hnihah ṭhen theih a ni.

Phase-1: 1995-2015. India leh Myanmar hian insumdawnnaah inremna an siam a, he inremnaah hian thil chi hrang hrang 62 chu ramriah insumdawn tawn phal sak a ni. Kum 1995-ah item 22 phal a ni a, kum 2008-ah item 18 belh leh a ni a, kum 2012-ah item 22 dang belh leh niin a vaiin item 62 phal a ni. Heng item aṭang hian custom duty 5% chauh lâk tura tih a ni.

Phase-2: 2015 hnulam: Reserve Bank of India chuan November ni 5, 2015 khân bungraw inthlenga insumdawntawnna (barter trade) item 62 a phal chu titawpin December ni 1, 2015 aṭang chuan insumdawntawnna pangngai (normal trade) chauh kalpui tawh tur tiin thu a chhuah a ni.

Tariff Concession: World Trade Organisation-in December 2005 Hong Kong-a inhmuhkhawmna an neih a an thu tihtluk bawhzuiin India chuan Least Developed Countries (LDC) ram 49 tan Duty Free Tariff Preference (DFTP) scheme a siam a, heng ram 49 te tan hian anmahni ram ngeia an thlai tharchhuah leh bungraw siamchhuah engemaw zat chu import duty a tihhniam sak. India Sorkar chuan ASEAN leh South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) ramte nen Free Trade Agreement a siampui angin item tam takah custom duty hniam zawkin an insumdawn tawn thei a ni. Myanmar hi ASEAN member a nih angin India leh Myanmar chuan bungrua engemaw zatah sumdawngte chu custom duty concession an phal sak. Entirnan alu, purun custom duty chu a man aṭangin 30% lo ni ta sela, DFTP scheme-ah chuan 20% a ni a. A tam thamah chuan sumdawngte tân hlawkna tham a ni thei. He DFTP scheme-ah hian a thawn chhuaktu rama siamchhuah/ tharchhuah chauh a huam a, ramdang aṭanga an lakluh lehchhawn chu a huam tel lo. Custom duty concession chu Country of origin (COO) certificate thil telho teah chauh pek tur a ni.

Kuhva: Kuhva bikah hi chuan India ram state ṭhenkhat abikin Karnataka te chuan Myanmar aṭanga kuhva rawn tawlh luh ṭhin hi a man a tlawm êm avangin kuhva chingtuten an chhiat phah tiin Central Sorkârah thu an thlen a. Chuvang chuan India Sorkâr chuan Kuhva lâkluhna man kha sang deuhah a bituk ta a ni. Kum 2018 kha chuan kuhva hi kg-ah Rs.251 aiin a tlawm tur a ni lova, ramdang aṭanga an lakchhawn a nih chuan 100% tariff a bituk a, heng bakah hian GST 5% leh social welfare charges 10% a bituk bawk. Kuhva kg khat lakluh nân Rs. 251+251+12+37 = Rs. 539/- pek tihna a nih chu.

India Sorkar chuan Kuhva lakluhna man hi a tipung zel a, tunah chuan kg ah Rs.403 aiin a hniam tur a ni lo tiin a bituk a. Tunah hian Myanmar rama thar ni lo entirnan Indonesia kuhva chu miin lo import dawn se kg khat man chu Rs. 403+403+40+20 = Rs. 866 a ni ang. Myanmar rama thar ngei a nih a, Country of origin certificate thil tel a nih chuan custom duty kha 100% ni lovin 40% ah bituk a ni. Kuhva kg khat man chu Rs. 403+BCD (40%)- Rs.161 + Social welfare duty (10%) - Rs.40+GST (5%) - Rs.20 = Rs.624. Kuhva lakluh man hi Central Sorkâr hian thlatin vawi hnih a ennawn ṭhin a, a rate hi tihdanglam a ni deuh reng a ni.

Dan angin kuhva a lakluh theih em?: India Sorkar chuan Myanmar nena ramri kaltlang insum­dawntawnna atân Moreh (Manipur) leh Zokhawthar-ah Land Custom Station a siam a. India ram aṭanga Myanmar a bungrua thawnchhuak tur leh la lut tur chuan he land custom station pakhat zawk zawk hi paltlang a ngai. Moreh Land Custom Station hi chu Integrated Check Post-ah hlan kai a ni tawh - bungrua import nâna thil ṭangkai leh pawimawh chu dah a ni tawh tihna a nih chu. Chutih laiin Zokhawthar Land Custom Station-ah hian bungrua import tura thil pawimawh - weight bridge, animal quarantine centre, food testing laboratory (FSSAI approved), plant quarantine (Phytosanitary), warehouse leh a dangte, Integrated Check Post-in a ken tel tur ang hi a la awm lo. Chuvangin dan angin miin Myanmar aṭangin bungrua/ kuhva lo import dawn pawh nisela thil theih loh tluk a ni.

Indo-Myanmar Border trade tihchangtlun nân hian Dr Ram Upendra Das chuan recommendation pawimawh tak tak 2016 khan a thehlut a, tun thlêng hian bawhzuina mumal a awm loh avangin harsatna kan tawk mek a ni. Zokhawthar Land Custom-ah hian a chunga kan sawi infrastructure pawimawh tak takte hi dahin Integrated Check Post-ah hlankai chu nise, awlsam tein Myanmar aṭangin bungrua dân angin kan la lutin kan thawn chhuak thei ve tawh ang a, mipuiin kan chhawr ang a, sorkar pawhin revenue tam tak a hmu thei dawn a ni.

India Sorkar-in December ni 1, 2015 aṭanga dan anga sumdawnna kaltir tur tia thupek a chhuah aṭanga kum 6 lai a liam hnu pawhin dan anga sumdawn theihna atâna infrastructure pawimawh Zokhawthar-ah a dah lo hi a vanduai thlak a ni. Ram pawn aṭanga kuhva tawlhluh chungchângah pawh a thiam lo zawk dem lovin Mizo mipuiten keimahni leh keimahni kan in dem huai huai mai a nih hi.

- Lalṭhuamliana