WORLD TB DAY (March 24th)

Kum khata ni pawimawh tak pakhat khawvel pum huapa kan hman ṭhin March 24th (World TB Day) chu kan lo thleng leh ta a. He ni hi TB dona ni atan, TB natna kan um bo theih nana TB veite enkawl vat leh venhimna pawimawhzia inhrilh hriat thar nan hman ṭhin a ni.

Kum 1882 march 24 khan German mi Dr. Robert Kotch-a chuan University of Berlin-ah scientist rual tlemte hmaah TB hrik a hmuhchhuah thu a puang a. A hunlai chuan mihring thihna thlentu lar ber pawl a ni a, he ni denchhen hian World TB Day hman ṭhin a lo ni ta a ni.

TB hi hmanlai aṭang tawha natna hluar, natna upa tak tia sawi ṭhin a ni a, tun thleng pawha natna hluar mi tam tak thihna thlentu a la ni. A bikin ram ṭhang mek, mi rethei tamna (developing countries) ah chuan HIV leh TB hi natna thihpui tam ber pawl a la ni reng a. Khawvel puma TB vei hmuh chhuah thar 60% hi India, Indonesia, China, Nigeria, Pakistan leh South Africa ram aṭang te a hmuhchhuah ṭhin a ni. Kum 2015 chhunga USA-a TB vei mi 9557 report zingah, hmun thuma ṭhena hmun khat te chu ramdang aṭanga pem lut nia chhut a ni. Heng pem lut TB vei zingah hian Asia mi an tam ber ni a chhut a ni. WHO-in a tarlan dan chuan kum 2015 chhung khan khawvel pumah mi maktaduai 10.4 ten TB an vei thar a. TB vangin mi maktaduai 1.4 an thi bawk.

India hi khawvela TB vei tamna ber a ni a. Kum 2015 khan mi maktaduai 2.84 ten TB an vei thar nia chhut a ni. Khawvel pum huapa TB vei thar hmun 4-a ṭhena hmun 1 hi India rama mi an ni. Nitin TB vangin mi 1000 chuang kan thih phah bawk a, India hmabak hi a la ko hle tih a hriat. Kum 1962 khan National TB control Programme chu kalpui ṭan a ni a, kum 1997-ah kalphung thar leh huam zau zawkin Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) tih chu kalpui ṭan a ni ta a. Mizoramah chuan kum 2003 khan kan hmang ṭan a ni. RNTCP hman ṭan a nih aṭang hian nunna tam tak chhanhim a lo ni ta a. RNTCP kalphunga pawimawh em em chu DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short Course) kan tih hi a ni. Hei hi khawvel pum huapa hman tura WHO-in a pawmpui a ni. DOTS hian a tum chu damloin damdawi petu mit hmuh lai ngeia damdawi a ei ngei na tur a ni a. DOTS hian lungphum pawimawh tak tak a nei a, chungte chu:- Sorkar thlawpna ṭha tak te, natna hmuhchhuah vat te, damlovin damdawi rintlak leh ṭha a ei ngei theih nan te leh a enzuina kawnga chak tak leh mumal taka hmalak te a ni.

Mizoramah hian kum tin TB vei hmuhchhuah thar mi 2000 vel an awm ṭhin a. Tin TB dam har chi kan tih MDR-TB (Multi Drugs Resistant TB) vei mi 50 chuang hmuhchhuah ṭhin an ni bawk.

TB natna chu engtin nge a lanchhuah

TB hi chuap TB leh chuap pawn lam TB (thluak, ruh, ril, kal, vun etc,) ah ṭhen a ni a. Chuap TB hi inkaichhawn a awlsam a, chuap pawn lam TB te hi chu inkaichhawn ve theih a ni lo thung. Chuap TB lanchhuah dan tlangpuite chu:- karhnih emaw a aia rei khuh, karhnih emaw a aia rei khawsik, khak thi, rihna tlahniam, zana thlanfim thla te an ni. Hetianga kan awm a nih chuan khak test tir vat tur a ni.

Khak test hi TB hmuhchhuahna awlsam leh rintlak ber a ni a, sorkar­in a thlawn vekin a test bawk. Mizoram­ah hian TB enkawlna leh a hrik hmuh­chhuahna hmun 35 kan nei tawh a ni.

Chuap TB hi inkaichhawn a awlsam. Chuap TB veiin TB hrik a khuhchhuah aṭangin midangte a kai darh thei a. A chhan chu vawi khat khuh emaw hahchhiau hian thil tuiril siper 40,000 chuang a phuh chhuak thei a, heng tuiril them tin hian natna hrik a tidarh thei a ni. Chuvangin, kan khuh emaw hahchhiauin ka leh hnar hup ṭhin tur a ni.

TB damdawi ei that a pawimawh

TB damdawi hi thla 6 aṭanga thla 8 ei a ni tlangpui a, a ṭul anga pawhsei theih a ni. Damdawi hi hunbi nei taka ei tur a ni a, ei ṭhat chuan hma taka damna a ni a, ei mumal loh emaw ei ṭhat loh chuan tih dam harsa tak MDR-TB ah a chang thei a ni. MDR-TB hi enkawl a hautak bakah kum 2 aia tlem lo enkawl a ngaih tawh avangin a hun taka damdawi ei a pawimawh hle. MDR-TB damlo te enkawlna tur hi DR-TB centre, Falkawn-ah a awm.

RNTCP hnuaia hmalakna tharte

RNTCP hnuaiah hian kalphung thar hman ṭan mek a ni a. TB damdawi karkhata vawi thum ei ṭhin kha nitin (Daily Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment) ei tura thlak danglam tum a ni. Hei hi TB leh HIV vei kawp bikah chuan hman ṭan a ni tawh a ni. TB-HIV damlo te hian TB damdawi chu ART centre-ah an la nghal thei bawk.

Tin, MDR-TB, chuap pawn lam TB, TB leh HIV veikawp nia rinhlelh leh naupang TB vei nia rinhlelhte exam nana hman ṭhin CBNAAT (Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) chu district khawpui hrang hrangah hman theihin a awm tawh bawk.

TB hi mi retheite natna tia sawi

ṭhin a ni a. Ei tur ṭha tlakchhamnaah te, hnam hnuaihnung leh in leh lo nei mumal loah te a hluar bik a. India ramah hian a bikin Northeast state te, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharastra, Orissa leh Gujarat-ah te hian mi rethei, Tribal mi an tam hle. Heng mi rethei tamna zingah hian TB natna chauh ni lo natna inkai darh thei chi a pung hma em em a, mi rethei natna-a sawi ṭhin ni mah se boruaka leng a nih miau avangin tute pawn an vei thei a. Mi hmingthang leh mi lar heng - Adolf Hitler, Eleanor Roosevelt, The Beatles member Ringo Starr, Nelson Mandela leh Amitabh Bachchan te pawn TB an lo vei ve tawh a. Chuvangin, tute pawn kan vei thei a, enkawlna leh venhimnaah te, natna darh tur vennaah te kan ṭanho a pawimawh hle.

Mizote hi kawng tam takah kan changkan rualin kan ei leh in te, inthiar­na te, in leh a vel vawn fai kawng­ahte kan la inthlahdah hle a. A bikin thingtlang hmun tam takah kan khawsak dan a la ṭawp hle. Hei hian natna hrik tihdarhnaah leh inthlahpunna kawngah kawngro a su hle a ni. Tin, zuk leh hmuam ti mi te, a bikin meizu mite hian mei zu lo te aiin a let hnihin TB kai theihna an nei tam zawk a. Zuk leh hmuamin a nghawng ṭhat lohzia chu kan hre chiang mai awm e.

WHO- in kum 2014 May-a a lo passed tawh angin TB tihtawp beihpui a kalpui mekah, kum 2015 leh 2035 inkara TB vanga thihna 95% a tihhniam te, TB vei thar 90% a tihtlem te leh TB vanga phurrit chu tute chhungkua mahin an tawh loh na tura hmalakte chu a tum lian ber a ni. He thil hlawhtlin theih nan chuan a thawktute mai ni lo, mipuite, kan politician te, khawtlang hruaitute leh NGO hrang hrangte kan thawhho a, beihpui kan thlak a ṭul takzet a. Private doctor-te pawn an clinic

aṭanga TB case an hmuhchhuahte chu sawrkarah an hrilh hriat zung zung a pawimawh hle.

Mipuite pawn kan dikna leh chan­vote kan hriat a ngai a, sawrkarah TB damdawi damlote tan a thlawn vek a nih thu te, senso awm mang loa inenkawl dam a ni. Mipui hrilh hriatna kawngah te, inrinhlelhna chang hriat te, TB vei enkawl loh enkawl vat an nih theihna tura inzirtir kan uar a pawimawh a. Ṭangruala kan thawhho chuan TB hi kan umbo thei ngei ang.

TB titawp turin i ṭangrual ang u.

- Emmanuel Lalhunmawia, State TB control, Directorate of Health Services