Integrated Farming System for Boosting Farmers’ Income and Sustainable Development in Mizoram

Integrated Farming System (IFS) hi lo/ huan neih leh ran vulh dan hrang hrang chawhpawlh niin hlawkna leh ṭangkaina a pe ve ve a, hei hian kan environment a tih ṭhat bakah sum lak luh a tipung bawk a ni. IFS hi kuthnathawktute’n thlai tam zawk hmun zim tea an thar theih nana duan a ni. IFS hian kum tluanin kuthnathawkte tan inhlawhfakna leh pawisa lak luhna a siam sak thei a. Thlai leh ran hi in chawm tawnin, leiṭha leh nutrients kal ral tur a ti tlem a. Ram zimte, hman hnu pawh a hman nawn leh theih a, hei hian kan sum hman ti tlemin kan thar chhuah erawh a ti tam a, kuthnathawkte thawhchhuah a tipung bawk a ni.

IFS-ah hian kan thlai thar, chhia leh hnunawi, tawih te pawh vermi composting (changpat hmanga leiṭha siam) hmangin chemical tel lo lei tihṭhatna siam nan a hman theih bawk a ni. Hemi system hian kan kuthnathawktute hlawkna mai ni lovin kan chhehvel ramngaw kan ti chereu nasa lutuk pawh a ti ziaawm thei dawn a ni.

New integrated methods kan tih hian improved farming techno­logies kan tih, heng thlai chaw ṭha sawngbawla enkawl dan te, hmun bik nei leiṭha sawngbawl leh enkawl, leiṭha luangral tur ven dan te, biofertilizer hman te, thlai chin chhawk te, zero tillage (ram leh lei ngai hman) leh lo neih dan kuthnathawkte tana ṭangkai thei tur te hi a tel vek a ni.

IFS a awmte chu:

A: Crop (thlai) - Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds, Fruits (thei), Vegetables (thlai hring), Spices (hmarcha), Flowers (pangpar), Fodder/ Forage Crops, Sugarcane (fu), Fiber Crops leh adangte;

B: Livestock and Poultry (ran) - Cows, Buffaloes, Pigs, Goat, Sheep, Poultry, Duck etc.;

C: Fishery (sangha) - Fingerling Production, Composite Fish Culture, Paddy cum Fish Culture, aquaponics leh adangte.;

D: Secondary Agriculture - Bee Cultivation, Mushroom Cultivation, Food Processing, Vermicomposting, green manuring, Biofertilizer, Azolla, hydroponics, aquaponics etc.

IFS hi khing a chunga mi hmangte khian a tih theih a, mahse thlai leh ran vulh leh a dangte inmil leh mil loh en phawt tur a ni. (entirnan : A leh B a awm te tih pawlh, etc)

A + B

A + C

B + C

A + D

B + D

C + D

A + B + C

A + B + D

B + C + D

A + C + D

A + B + C + D).

IFS thil tum ber chu leilung chereu zel tur ven leh loneitute tana sum lakluhna siam belh a ni a, heng hmang hian-

(i) thlai chin chhawk dan kalhmang ṭha ber hman leh thlai chin pawlh te, thlai chi 3, 4 vel hmun khata chin, tui, leiṭha leh hmun thawl, an ṭhanlenna atana pawimawh, environment tana ṭha thei tur kalhmang thlan te a ni.

(ii) multi storey layout hmanga kan ram/ huan te hmannawn leh daihzai thei ang bera hman dan zawn te a ni.

Mizoramah hian mipui 60% vel hi lo neia eizawng an ni a, a tlangpuiin heng lote hi 1 hectares aia te deuh vek a ni. IFS hi thingtlang lo neih danah hian a sengluh theih a, hmanlai lo neih dan thlak a, hlawk zawk a loneitute’n sum an lakluh theih dan tur a ni a, an bulṭanna tur sum leh paia ṭanpui pawh thil tih chi tak a ni ngei ang. Sawrkar subsidy emaw bank loan, interest hniam deuh zawka puih dan te awm se, chutichuan loneitute tan IFS system hmanga lo neih bulṭan a awlsam dawn a ni. Loneituten an huan hmun awlah ranchaw a hman chi thlai an ching thei anga (vaimim, millets, kawlbahra, leh a dangte), loneitu leh ran tan hlawkna nasa tak a siam thei ang.

Thlai chiding, in chin chhawk (crop rotation) te kalpui a nih phei chuan hlawkna tam zawk a hmuh theih a, sa leh bawnghnute te a hnianghnar zawk thei a ni. Lo nei paha ran vulh hian kumtluanin chhungkaw pawisa lakluh a tih pun theih bakah hnathawh tur a siam belh a ni. Chumi piah lamah an ek te leiṭha ah a hman theih bawk a, kan thlai chin hnunawi pawh ranchaw ah a hman lehzel theih a ni. Hei hian ranchaw atana sum sen tam tak a phuhruk thei a ni.

Mizoram, tlangram chhengchhia leh leilet hmun neih harsatnaah hian, sangha khawi, ranvulh leh thlai chin hi thil tihkawp chi tak a ni a; entirnan sangha chaw hi farm residue (lo a kan thlai thar leh ranvulh ek leh a dangte) aṭangin a siam theih a; chu mai bakah plankston kan tih (azolla) hi sangha chaw atana ṭha em em, dil kam leh a chhehvela ṭo ṭhin niin kan ranvulh ek leh zun aṭang a chawm theih a ni. Dil leiṭha pawh kan thlai chawmna manure leh fertilizer atan a hman theih a ni.

Vawkin hi sangha dil bulah emaw, dil chunga sak tur a ni a, vawkin aṭanga ek leh zun te dila a luh hian sangha dil tan fertilizer ṭha tak a ni a, hei hian dil chhunga hnim ṭo, sangha tana chaw ṭha a nih bakah an inthlahpun nan a pui a ni. Chu mai bakah sangha ten vawkin aṭanga vawk ek leh zun luang lut kha an chawah an lo hmang nghal thei a, hei hi 70% digestible food kan tih zinga mi a ni a, a ṭha em em a ni. He system hmang hian sangha chaw a hranpa a pek a ngai lo. Hei hian 60% in kan sum hman tur sangha chaw leh dila fertilizer hmanna tur a titlem a ni. A chhan chu sangha ten direct a vawk ek, vawkin aṭanga luang lut kha chawah an hman theih vangin, a hran­pa a chaw pek a ngai tawh lo a ni.

Agro based a khuai kan khawi hian khawizu min pek mai bakah kan huan thlaite leh buh leh bal kan thar hlawkna atan a thil ṭangkai an ni thei. Pollination control-ah nasa takin a pui a, khuaiin a bawm thlai reng reng hi a let tam takin a thar hlawk a, a chi chhuah atan a ṭha bik a, tin, a rah tla (fruit drop) a awm ve ngai lo. Pa khawi/ chin pawh hi a hlawkin a tui mai bakah taksa tan chaw ṭha tak a ni a. Protein taksa in a hman nghal theih a pai avangin a ṭangkai hle a, thau chhia a pai ve lova, thisen sang leh zunthlum nei te tan chaw ṭha a ni. Hydroponics leh aquaponics kan ti advanced farming system, lei tel lo a tlai chin dan thar pawh hi a telh thei a. Hemi system hi lei ṭhatlohna hmunah pawh a tih theih vek a, lei hmanga thlai chin aiin kan thar chhuah a tam zawkin a chak zawk a ni.

Lo neituten harsatna an tawh nasat ber chu, IFS chungchang an la hriat chian loh vang ani. An thil mamawh ang, a hun takah an hmuh theih loh vang leh credit facilities interest hniam deuh hlek bul ṭan nan an hmuh theih lo vang te a ni.

- Professor Shri Kant Tripathi, Department of Forestry, Mizoram University