Fura Mizoram sawhthing chingtute harsatna Sawhthing ṭawih natna (Soft rot of ginger) enkawl dan
Sawhthing (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) hi Mizoram bawlhlo thlai zinga pawimawh tak a ni a, kan ram leilungah hian a ṭha duh em em bawk a ni. Kan sawhthing tharchhuahin hmalam pan zel mah se, thlai chingtute harsatna lian tak pakhat chu sawhthing ṭawih natna (soft rot of ginger) hi a ni. Khawvel ram hrang hrangah pawh he natna hi sawhthing natna hlauhawm bera ngaih a ni.
Sawhthing tharchhuah 90% lai he natna vang hian kan ram chhunga loneituten an hloh mek a, a chi tura dah ṭhat pawh ei chhe thei zelin, 4-90% lai kan hloh thei bawk. Mizoram hian furah ruahtui a dawng ṭha em em a, hei hian nasa takin sawhthing ṭawih natna a tizual a, hei vang hian he natna chungchang inhrilh hriat a, venhim leh enkawl dan inzirtir hi a pawimawh hle a ni.
Sawhthing ṭawih/ soft rot of ginger natna thlentu hi India ramah chuan Fungi (Hmuar), Pythium spp. leh Fusarium solani te an ni a. Hmun hrang hrang azirin, a natna thlentu hrik a danglam ṭhin a, hei vang hian enkawl a harsain, a buaithlak hle a ni. Mizoramah chuan Pythium aphanidermatum hi natna thlentua hmuh chhuah a ni. Heng natna hrikte hi lei leh thlai chia awm an ni a. Ruah tam hun July aṭanga September-ah he natna hi a rawn awm nasa thin hle. Leia tuihu tam lutuk, boruak lum zawng 27-28ºC leh lei ban tui tlin theihna hi natna darh nan duhthusam a ni. Hmun dangah tui hmang te, natna kai lei hmang te leh hnathawhna hmanrua hmangtein a darh thei bawk a ni.
He natna hrik hian sawhthing chin aṭanga kan tharchhuah leh dah ṭhat thlengin a tichhe thei a. Natna hrikin a ei chhiat sawhthingte hi chawr tur awm loin leiah a ṭawih a, sawhthing a lo chawr tawh chuan natna hrik hi a zung aṭangin emaw, a kung lei seh chin aṭanga lutin, sawhthing chi a ei ṭawih a, a kung lei chin chu rawng ukin a val a. Heng valte hi lian zelin, a nem a, a ṭawih a, a kung a tlu ta ṭhin a ni. Thlai puitling tawhah chuan natna ei chhiatte chu a kung bul a ṭawih avangin a hnah a eng ṭhin a. An hnah hmawr a rawn eng a, a chhuk zawngin a hnah sir aṭangin a eng thla a, a hnah a thi ta ṭhin a. A hnah thi te hi a kungah inkhaiin, a kung chawpin a ro ṭhin a ni. Natna ei chhiat kung chu lei aṭangin awlsam takin a phawi theih thin.
Kan inven theih dan:
• Sawhthing chi atan natna kai lo, hrisel tak hman tur a ni.
• Hmun zawl aiin mual awn deuhah tui a tlinloh avangin natna a tlem zawk thin.
• Natna do thei bik sawhthing 'Nadia' chin atan thlan a ṭha.
Kan huan fai takin kan dah ang a, sawhthing ṭawih natna a awm chuan thlai dang buh, vaimim, pangbal nen chin chhawk tur a ni. A tlem berah kum li tal sawhthing chin rih loh a ṭha, he natna hrik hi leiah kum 12 lai a dam thei a ni.
• Sawhthing kan ling hmain, soil solarization, lei polythene-a khuh a, ni zung satna hmanga sawngbawl emaw soil sterilization, formaldehyde (40%) hmangin tui litres 10 ah 50 ml kan pawlh ang a, lei kan ti thianghlim ang. Kan sawhthing chin nan lei dawhsan (bed)/ lei thlur pawng leh khuar (ridge and furrow), sang ṭha tak (30cm) siam a ṭha, tui luanna tur mumal tak siamin, tui tling tur kan veng tur a ni. Bordeaux mixture 1% in lei kan chiah thei bawk.
• Trichoderma harzianum kg 2.5 leh kg 50 Farm Yard Manure chawh pawlhin, kan lo leiah kan chin hma ni 10-15 velah kan pawlhin natna a veng.
• Sawhthing chi ling hmain minute sawmthum chhung chiah nan hengte hi a hman theih, Metalaxyl 4% + Mancozeb 64% (Ridomil gold) 1.25 grams hi tui litre khatah pawlhin, emaw Pyraclostrobin 2 grams hi tui litre khatah pawlhin emaw tui lum sat zawng 45ºC emaw Trichoderma harzianum 5 grams hi sawhthing kg khatah pawlh tur a ni.
Natna enkawl dan
• Natna kai thlai chu cho chhuah a, hla takah thlai chin lohnaah paih tur.
• Mancozeb hi 3 grams tui litre khatah pawlhin emaw Metalaxyl hi 0.5 gram tui litre khatah pawlhin emaw Copper oxychloride 50% WP hi 3 grams tui litre khatah pawlhin lei kan chiah ang a, kar hnih danah vawi thum chiah tur a ni.
• Neem seed cake, phuai leh ar ek te hmangin eng emaw chen natna awm tur kan veng thei bawk.
A chi tur dah ṭhat dan
• Sawhthing chi dah ṭhat tur chu Mancozeb emaw Carbendazim emaw Copper oxychloride 50% WP 3 grams tui litre khatah pawlhin minute sawmthum kan chiah ang, kan dah hul zawhah hmun roah kan dah ṭha ang. Bordeaux mixture (1%) hmangin kan phuh ang, tichuan a chi atan kan dah ṭha thei bawk.
Uluk taka sawhthing chinna tur thlan te, lei sawngbawl te, thlai chi ṭha thlan te, thlai chi sawngbawl te, khaw chin thlir thiam te, natna thlithlai peih te, huan/ lo/ ram fai taka dah te, a hun tak leh a zat tur ang taka natna hlo kah te a pawimawh em em a. Thawhrah seng tur bo vek khawpa sawhthing ti tam thei, natna hlauhawm anih avang hian fur lai chuan natna lo lang a rang lama enkawl vat a pawimawh hle a ni.
- Jeetendra Kumar Soni, B. Lalramhlimi, S. Doley ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib, Mizoram