Mizote leh Hripui

Khawvel pumah hripui a leng mek a, mi tam takin nunna hlu tak an chân a, hetih lai hian mi tam tak he natna lak aṭang hian an dam chhuak mûk bawk a. He hri hian eng chen nge min chenchilh dawn a hriat loh a, a awm reng tawh dawn pawh a ni mai thei e. Chutihrualin he natna laka inven dan hi a ni telin kan thiam chho zel a, fimkhur dan pawh kan thiam tawh khawp mai. Tunhma aṭangin hri hi khawvelah a lo leng tawh thin a, tun thleng hian a khat tawkin a la leng reng a, a la leng zel dawn ni te pawhin a lang. 

Mizote pawh hian kan pi leh pute hun lai aṭang tawh khan hri hi an lo buaipui tawh ṭhin a, hri laka inven dante pawh an lo nei tawh ṭhin a ni. Tun ṭumah hian Mizote'n hripui kan lo vei tawh dan ṭhenkhat leh kan lo hmachhawn dan tlangpui kan tarlang dawn a ni. 

Kan pi leh pute khan hri leng leh natna laka inthen fai nan inthawina chi hrang hrang an buatsaih ṭhin a, natna azirin inthawina pawh a hrang zel a; entirnan, kaih leh sêal thawi nan ‘Zunthiang’ an hmang a, naupang hrilawn atan arhluisen leh vawkte te an hmang bawk a. Chutiang chuan natna an tawh hlek chuan an inthawi thuai zel a, tinatu nia an ngaih hnenah inthawina hi an hlân ṭhin a ni. 

Kan pipute khan khatih hun laia hri - záwnghri, sentút, khuhhîp etc. laka invennan chin dan pakhat an nei a, chu chu ‘hri dâi thêu’ a ni. Hri dâi an thêu dan hi a chipchiara sawi dawn chuan a thui deuh dawn a. An khaw ṭhenawmin hri an vei chuan an khuaa a rawn luh loh nan leh a darh loh nan an lo inveng a, khaw kár kawngah dai an lo theu ṭhin a ni. Hri vei khua nen an inkar kawngah Sekawtrawlh an siam a, chu sekawtrawlh aṭanga khaw lam leh ram lamah hlam sawmnga vela thuiah kawngthlangah hrui thlungin chhâwl an bang chhuak vek a. Sekawtrawlhah chuan Hauhuk vun an lihah hnimte an thun puar a, Hauhuk ang chiahin an tar a. Chutiangin mihring lem an siam bawk a.

Hauhuk leh Chhâwl (hnim) te hian mihringin kan hmuh theih loh hri leh ramhuaite hmu thei vekah an ngai a, chuvangin an dah ngei ṭhin a ni. Hri dai theu chu hri vei lo khuaten a vei khuate ‘lo kal suh u, hri kan inkai ang e’ an tihna a ni. Hetianga hri dai theu an lo kalpui ṭhin hian kan pi leh pute hun lai khan hri a leng ṭhin tih leh an inkai palh loh nan nasa takin an inveng a, an lo inkharkhip ṭhin tih a tichiang hle a ni.

Mizoramah tunhma aṭangin hri leng hi hriat tur a lo awm ve fo tawh a, ṭhenkhat chu khawvel puma hri leng rawn lutte a nih laiin ṭhenkhat erawh chu lian tham vak lo leh a lenna bial zim deuh zawkte pawh an ni awm e.

British Sipai lal, TH Lewin (Thangliana) chuan kum 1860 khan Mizoram chhim lama Mizo awmte'n Bangladesh-a Chittagong Hill Tracts-a Kassalong Bazar an zuk rûn ṭumin Zawnghri (Smallpox) an rawn kai haw thu a ziak a. A kum leh 1861-ah pawh British lalram chhung an rên ṭumin Tui hri (Cholera) an rawn kai haw thu leh mi eng emaw zat an thih thu a ziak bawk. He natna hi ‘ram dang/mikhual natna (foreign sickness)’ tiin an sawi nghe nghe a ni. Inenkawl dan an hre lova, puithiamte pawh an râwn ṭhin a ni.

Kum 1870 khan Chittagong Hill Tract-a Mizo hnam pakhat, Khumi (Matu an ti bawk) hnam zingah Zawnghri (Smallpox) vei an awm a, an hlau hle mai a. He natna hi Burma ram, Arakan lam aṭanga ramhuai hnathawh lo lut niin an ring a. An khaw chhunga luh leh chhuahte an khap nghal vek a, Zawng thisen tein an chenna inte an phuh a, a lute chu an khaw luhna kawngka (gate) ah an tar bawk a. Hun eng emaw ti chhung atan an chenna inte an rauhsan a, damlo ber kha amahin an awmtir a, ramhnuaiah an tlanchhiatsan vek ṭhin a ni. Heng Khumi hnamte hi Lewin-a chuan ‘Pâwi’ tia kan sawi zinga mi an ni tiin a sawi bawk. (TH Lewin, Wild Races of South-Eastern India, p. 120, 151)

Mizoram khawthlang lama Mizote chenna bawr, Tripura Jampui tlang dungah pawh hian kum zabi 19 bawr chho velah khan Zawnghri a leng nasa a, hemi avang hian an khuate pawh rauhsan a lo ni tawh a, a hnuah Dokhuma Sailo leh Hrangvunga Sailo te hovin an luah leh chauh niin an sawi bawk.

Mizorama Sap sipai rawn luh ṭum hnih, Vailen vawi khatna (1871-72) leh vawi hnihna (1889-90) bawr velah pawh khan Sapho leh an ṭhuihruai mi tam tak zingah natna hri - tuihri, malaria-te a leng ṭhin a, eng emaw zat an thih phah nghe nghe a ni. Heng hri lengah te hian anmahni mai ni lo, Mizote ngei pawhin an lo vei phah ve bawk. Khatih hun lai khan Mizoram ramri hrulah leh hmun remchangah sumdawnna hmun Bazaar - Sonai Bazaar, Tipaimukh Bazaar leh Changsil Bazaar te siam a ni a, hengah te hian Vaiho leh Mizoten bungrua an inthleng tawn ṭhin avangin an inpawlhsawp lo thei lo a. Eng emaw hri leng hlek pawh an inkai awlsam hle a ni.

Kum 1881-1882-a Mautâm Ṭamah khan Mizo tam tak chuan hun eng emaw ti chhung atan ṭhenawm ram, Cachar lamah an tlan thla a. Ṭam reh hnua an rawn let leh khan mi eng emaw zat chuan tuihri an rawn kai haw nghe nghe a ni. 

Heng natna hri leng kan han sawite hian ramchhung zau zawk a huap lem lo a, khawi lai bial zim zawkah emawte a leng a, buaipui tham lutuk a ni lem lo.

Hemi hnuah hian Mizoramah Zawnghri (Smallpox) a leng ta zauh zauh a, kum 1882, 1908, 1913 ah te hriat tur a awm a, mahse engti ang takin nge an tawrh hriat a ni lo. Hetih hun lai hian Sawrkarin hri dan nan ban zai (vaccine) an ti ṭan a, mi tam takin he invenna hi an la a, natna hri lakah an him phah reng a ni. A bikin France ram kalhote phei chuan an la vek a, hri kai buaipui velah pawh an ṭangkai em em a ni.

Kum 1918 November thla khan khawvel pumah hripui a leng a, he hripui leng hi influenza an ti a, khawvela hripui leng nasa ber leh thi pawh an tam berna a ni awm e. Khawi aṭanga rawn darh ṭan nge a hriat loh a, USA-ah chuan kum 1918 nipui laiin Sipai zingah an hmu ṭan a. Tichuan 1918-19-ah khawvel pumah a darh chho ta a ni. He hripui avang hian khawvel pumah mi maktaduai 500 vel (khawvel mipui hmun thuma ṭhena hmun khat) a khawih a, mi maktaduai 50 vel an thi a, USA bikah mi 6,75,000 vel an thi a ni.

Mizoramah chuan kum 1918-ah Indopui pakhatna a lo reh a, France rama kal mi sâng rualte chu an lo haw ta a. Aizawl Lammualah Bawrhsapin anmahni lawmna hun ropui takin a buatsaih a, hei hi hripui len hma lawk a ni awm e. Hemi hnua anmahni khua ṭheuha an haw dawn lai vel hian hripui hi a leng ṭan a ni awm e. Ṭhenkhat chuan an khua pawh thleng hman lovin ramhnuaiah hun eng emaw ti chhung an awm deuh ren rawn hman a ni.

He hri leng hi an sawi danin Mizoramah chuan Sipaihovin an vei hmasa a, midangah a pun lun ta zel a, thingtlang khuate pawhin an tuar chho ta zel a. He hripui leng (influenza) hi Mizoramah chuan hetianga chhiatna nasa a thlen hmasak ber a ni awm e. Aizawlah leh a chhehvel khuaahte a darh a, chutah khaw dangah a darh zel a. Aizawl aṭanga hla vak lo, Hmunpui khua, In 90 vel awmnaah chuan November, 1919 chhung lek pawhin mi 30 chuang an thi hman a ni. (Christianity and subaltern culture, Vanlalchhuanawma, pp.234-235,) Chutiangin Mizoram chhim lam khuaah te pawh a darh ta zel a ni.

Hri kai avangin mitthi an pung ta hluai a, ni khatah pawh mi 4/5 te an thi a, an buai tak meuh meuh a ni. Zatluanga sawi dan chuan, ‘thlan lai tur pawh awm lo khawpin an na zova, France ram kalte chauhvin he hri hi an vei ve loh avangin thlan laiin an hah em em a ni. Mitthite pawh France ram kal hlirin an khawnkhawm a, hlâng nghet taka phan khawlaiah an zawn an zawn a, ṭap ri an hriatna apiangah hlang chu an zawn lut a, mitthi chu thlan laih zawh hmasak apiangah an phum zel a ni. Chutiang khawpa thlan laitute pawh an indaih loh avang chuan thlan khata tam deuhva phum maite pawh an awm bawk.’ (Mizo Chanchin, p.212)

He hripui avanga Mizote tawrhna hi a nasa em em a, chung zinga khaw pahnihin an tawrh dan han tarlang ila : 

Serchhip khua hian an tuar nasa hle a. Chhungtin mai chu kal kân lovin a bawh ta zel a, ni khatah ruang 4/5 te an inphum ta zel mai a, in khat aṭangin ruang 2/1 chhuah changte pawh a awm a ni awm e. He hri avanga thi hmasa ber chu Thaikhawnga a ni. Ruang hlawmtu lam pawh an hah hle ang. Hemi kum January thla chhung hian mi 98 in nunna an chan hman. A inven dan tur an hre si lova, damdawi ei tur a awm lo bawk nen, a inven dan ṭha ber nia an hriat chu inkharkhip a ni mai a. Zan lamah chuan tumah pawn chhuah loh tur an ti a, mi tin mai chu mahni inah an tawm vek a, khawlai pawh a reh thuap mai a ni.

(Serchhip khaw chanchin by Lungduhsanga) 

Mizorama hripui leng sawi apianga lo lang hmasa zel chu Letzakaia khua, Hriangtuinek (tuna Phuaibuang khua) khuain hripui an tuar nasat dan hi a ni. He khuaah hian Infleunza hripui bakah Zawnghri (Smallpox) a leng tel bawk a. Kum 1919 March-May chhung khan he khua ringawtah hian hripui avangin mi 380 an thih phah a ni. Phuaibuang YMA in Hriangtuinek khaw hmun hluiah hripui vanga thi te hriatrengna lung an phun nghe nghe a ni. He khuaa Zawnghri vei hmasate hi khaw daiah an dah hrang a, chungte chu hâwk dâk zual pakhatin a lo va en aṭanga inkaidarh ta an ni awm e.

Kan pi leh pute khan ngaihtuahna fing tak neiin hripui laka invenna tur hian an theihtawpin hma an lo la ṭhin a, chung an hmalak dante chu tunlaia kan tih ang tho hi a lo ni a. Hripui laka an khua an himna turin an khua an hung a, hri dai an theu a, khaw dang mi nen inkalpawh an duh lo. Tin, hri veite pawh mi dang nen an inkaichhawn lohna turin an khung hrang bawk ṭhin. Kum 1919-a Serchhipa hripui a len ṭum pawhin mipui an lo inkharkhip (lockdown) daih tawh a, mahni inah an tawm ṭhap a, pawn chhuah pawh an phal lo. Hengte hi tuna kan tih ang tho hi a ni a, a invenna damdawi an hmuh chhuah hma hi chuan heng inhung bik leh inkhunghrang (quarantine) te hi inven dan tha ber chu a ni rih. Tunhma lam khan khawvel hmun danga an tih dan entawn tur pawh an hre lovang a, entawn nachang pawh an hre kher lovang. Chuvangin ṭha nia an ngaih ang khan an ti mai a, an lo fing hle a ni. Khang bak kha tunlai khawvelah pawh a tih dan kan hre chuang rih lo a nih hi.