ENG VANGIN NGE SRI LANKA RAM A TLAKCHHIAT TAK MAI LE?

Sri Lanka hi thliarkar mawi tak, khualzinte hip em em a ni. Mihring maktaduai 22 vel an cheng. A rama cheng tam ber hi Sinhala hnam an ni a, zaah 75 vel an ni. Tamil hnam hi zaah 15 vel leh hnam tenau dang zaah 10 vel an awm ve bawk. South Asia-ah chuan zirna leh hriselna kawnga hmasawn ber a ni. Sri Lanka ramin ei leh bar, sum leh paia chhiatna rapthlak tak a hmachhawn mek dan hi tawi tein sawi kan tum a ni.

Sri Lanka ram buaina leh harsatna hi a namen lo. Kum 2021 April khan Sri Lanka sawrkar chuan ei-sum dinhmuna harsatna namenlo a tawh thu a puang a. Ei leh bara harsatna tawpkhawk ‘Food Emergency’ pawh August 2021 khan a puang a ni. Kumin June thla khan Sri Lanka economy chu a tlakchhiat (collapse) tak thu sawrkar chuan a puang leh bawk. Ram dang aṭangin tuialhthei leh nitin mamawh dang leina tur sum tihtham a nei tawh lo a ni.

Sawrkar sum hmuh a tla hniam a, sawrkar hnathawk hlawh leh ma­mawh zual lei nan sawrkarin pawisa note thar a chhu ringawt tawh a, nitin mamawh leina man a sang chak hle. Zirna in tam takin ‘paper’ an neih loh avangin zirlaite an ekzam thei lova, damdawi mamawh lei tur a awm loh avangin damdawi in tam takah dam lo an enkawl hlei thei lo. ‘Life-saving drug’ tak ngial pawh lei tur a vang a ni. Damdawi inten hmanraw thar leina an neih loh avangin hmanraw hlui te siamṭhain dam lo enkawl nan an hmang mek a ni.

Sawrkarin kawlpetha a renchem a, April thla aṭang phei kha chuan darkar 15 danah ‘eng’ an in chhit chhawk tawh a ni. Kawlphetha awm mumal lo hi thil siamna lamin a tuar a, bungraw thawnchhuah tur siamna lamin an tuar zual. Eirawngbawlna gas leh tuialhthei lam chi a vang a, tuialhthei leh gas changin mipui an intlar ṭhup reng a, buaina a chhuah loh nan sipaiten an veng hial a ni.

Mipui mangang ‘politic’ a piang

Hun rei tak chhung ei leh bar leh nitin mamawh a awm mumal loh avangin mipui an mangang a. March thlatir lam khan Colombo khawpui daifemah mi paruk emaw lekin sawrkar laka lungawilohna an lantir a. Zawi zawiin lungawilohna lantirtu an pung zel a, hun reiloteah khawpui leh thingtlang hmun hrang hrangah a ṭaidarh a. Lungawilohna lantirtute hian an President Gotabaya Rajapaksa chu bang se an duh ber a ni. Thla li chuang lai mipui thinrimin sawrkar dodalna an lantir hnuah, July 9 khan President pisa leh Prime Minister chenna in an luhchilh a. President chu mipui thinrim sosang hmachhawn ngam lovin ram dangah a tlanchhe ta nge nge a ni.

Kum 2009-a Tamil helho tudaitute zinga mi, mipuiin an ngaihsan leh huaisen an tih em em leh beiseina sang tak neia kum 2019-a President atana an thlan tlin tak chu rorel a thiam loh avangin mipui lungawi loten an paih thla ta a ni. Sawrkar laka lungawilohna lantirtute hi mipuiin an thlawp ṭha a, pawl zawng zawngin an thlawp a ni ber. Ram dang sawrkarte pawhin Sri Lanka ram buaina hi an thlir reng a, sawrkar pawh a che na lutuk ngam lo niin a lang.

Sawrkarin leibarulh sen loh a nei

Sri Lanka buai chhan ber pakhat chu leiba tlingkhawm a ngah lutuk a, a rul seng lo hi a ni - sapṭawngin ‘external debt crisis’ an ti. Hetiang dinhmuna ram a awm tawh chuan ṭanpuitu an zawng ruai ṭhin. India ram pawhin kum 1991 khan a lo tawng ve tawh a ni. Kum 2020 khan Sri Lanka ram hian leiba tlingkhawm US dollar tluklehdingawn 56.3 (USD 56.3 billion) lai a nei a. Kum 2021 hian sawrkar leibat hi ram chhung sum leh pai dehchhuah (GDP) aia tam tura ngaih a ni a, zaah 119 lai ni tura chhut a ni. Kum 2022 chhung hian leiba rulh tur USD tluklehdingawn 8.6 lai a nei a. April thla aṭang khan heng leiba te hi rul thei lovin a awm tawh a ni. Financial market aṭanga puk a tam ber a, zaah 47% lai a tling. Financial market aṭanga puk hi a awlsam a, a pung erawh a sang thung; rulh leh pawh a hautak bik. Hei hi an harsat chhan pakhat a ni.

Kum 2019 tawp lam khan Sri Lanka chuan ram dang pawisa tlingkhawm (foreign exchange reserve) US dollar tluklehdingawn 7.6 lai a nei a. Kum 2020-ah Covid-19 hripui lengin khawvel a tuam a. Inkhuahkhirhna chi hrang hrang avangin zin veivak an tlem a, hei hi Sri Lanka economy, a bik takin ‘tourism sector’ in a tuar hle. Hei vang hian ‘foreign exchange reserve’ a tlak hniam phah a ni.

Kum 2022 (March) a lo thlen meuh chuan US dollar tluklehdingawn 1.9 (USD 1.9 billion) chauh a nei tawh a, hei hi ram dang thil mamawh thla khat leina daih tawk vel a ni.

Tunah hian Sri Lanka ram tualchhung politic dinhmun a chhiat avangin sawrkarin sum pukna tur a hmu zo tawh lova. Ram dang pawisa a hmuhna ber khualzin leh thingpuife market-te a tla chhe mek bawk a. Covid-19 hripui leng avangin Sri Lanka mi leh sa, ram danga hnathawkte pawisa thawn let ‘remittance’ pawh nasa takin a tlahniam a. Tualchhung sum dinhmun a chhiat em avangin ram dang company ten Sri Lanka-ah hma thar an lak ngam tak loh avangin ‘Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)’ pawh a kang chat a ni ber tawh. Tun dinhmunah ram dang pawisa an hmuh theihna kawng zawng zawng a ping rih. Sawrkar mumal tak a awm hunah chauh hma thar a lak theih dawn chauh a ni.

Kan sawi tak angin ‘tourism industry’ hi Sri Lanka economy innghahna leh ram dang pawisa a hai luhna pawimawh ber pakhat a ni a. Tourism industry atanga sum lut hi GDP atanga chhutin zaah 13/14 lai a tling thin. Kum 2019 Easter Sunday tuka Muslim firfiak pawlten Sri Lanka hmun hrang hranga ‘bomb’ an tihpuah atang khan khualzin tlawhtu an neih tlem phah a. Covid-19 hripui leng avangin khualzin veivak an nei tlem zui bawk. Sri Lanka ram tlawhtu tam ber hi Ukraine leh Russia mite an ni. Ram pahnih te indona hian Sri Lanka ram ‘tourism industry’ a nghawng na hle a ni.

Economic Policy dik lo vang a ni

Kum 2019 (December) khan Sri Lanka sawrkar chuan chhiah lak dan hmang tam tak tidanglam a. Value Added Tax (VAT) rate zaah 15 ni thin chu zaah 8-ah tihhniam a. VAT pe thei chin tihsan a ni bawk. Company lian atanga chhiah lak thin ‘corporate tax’ pawh zaah 28 atangin zaah 24-ah tihhniam a ni. Sawrkarin chhiah thenkhat titawpin, thenkhat awl an awm thung. Hengte avang hian chhiah petu zat (registered taxpayer) pawh zaah 33 chuang laiin a tlak hniam phah.

Kum 2021(April) atangin ‘foreign exchange reserve’ lama harsatna avangin leitha (fertilizer) lak luh sawrkarin a khap a, ‘organic farming-a kal vek tur’ tiin thupek khauh tak mai a chhuah a. Hei hi loneitu ten an tuar hle. Thingpuife leh buh leh bal thar chhuah nasa takin a tlak hniam phah a ni. Chhiah atanga sawrkar sum lak luh a tlak hniam nasat avangin sawrkar sum indaihlohna (fiscal deficit) pawh a sang chak hle. Sawrkarin sum hman tur a nei lova, mipui nunphung nekchep khawpin inrenchemna lam a kalpui a. Mipui mangang leh thinrimin sawrkar laka lunawihlohna an lantir ta a ni.

Ram danga bungraw thawn chhuah chi siamna lam (export sector) sawrkarin a ngaihthah a; bungraw lak luh lam an uar thung. Bungraw thawnchhuah (export) aiin lak luh (import) a tam zawk avangin ‘trade deficit’ sang tak an nei a. Ram dang atanga pawisa lut aiin chhuak a tam zawk avangin ram dang pawisa duh tawk hman tur an nei zo lo a. Kum 2016 atanga International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Sri Lanka economy siamthatna tur an ruahmansakte chu hnawlin, China sum pukah an innghat ta zawk a. China atanga awlsam tea sum an puk mai theih thin avangin ramin a mamawh bak sum an puk thin bawk. Hei bakah infrastructure project-ah man tang eitu an tam thei hle a ni.

Political corruption vang a ni

Kum 2005-2015 chhung Mahinda Rajapaksa chu Sri Lanka ram President a ni a. Kum 2019-ah a nau Gotabaya Rajapaksa chu President-ah thlan tlin a ni ve leh a. An ni unau President-na hnuaiah hian chhungkaw induhsakna hleihluak takin an kalpui a. Mahinda Rajapaksa President term hnihna (2010-15) chhung phei kha chuan an chhungkua mi leh sa 40 chuang zetin sawrkarah dinhmun pawimawh tak tak, cabinet thlengin an chelh a ni. Mipuiin an paih thlak tak President Gotabaya hnuaiah pawh khan an laina hnai Minister paruk lai an awm bawk a; sawrkar budget zaah 75 vel hi an chhungkaw kutah a awm hial a ni. Sawrkar department tam takah an chi leh kuang ten chanvo leh nihna pawimawh tak tak an chelh bawk. An zinga Minister pakhat phei chu sawrkar contract-ah chanvo a hauh ve thin avangin ‘Mr ten percent-a’ tih hial a ni.

Sri Lanka harsatna bul ber pakhat chu an ram hruaituten an ram ei leh bar, sum leh paia harsatna an ngaihsak lovin, an vei lo em em hi a ni. Kum 2009 helhote tudaia remna leh muanna an neih atang khan tih tak zetin ram hruaitute hma an la lo va. Hei hi Sri Lanka ram hian a tuar ta a ni. An ram mi thiam ten sawrkar policy dik lo leh fel tawk lo an sawi te an bengkhawn tha duh lova; tin, policy tha tak an duan te ngaihsak lovin, ram tana tul lem lo, pawimawh lo zawkah an ram hruaituten an hun an hmang tam zawk niin a lang.

Ram dang pawisa an puk khawm te hmasawnna ruhrel tha din nan hmang lovin, mamawh tlachawp lei nan leh mipui lawm zawng thil satliah atan an hmang a. Hei hi ram hmasawnnain a tuar hle. An lawngchawlhna hmun ngei te pawh China enkawlturin an dah a. China atangin sum an puk a, China-in a enkawl sak a, neitu chanvo hial an pe a ni. Kum 20 dawn ram hruaitu tha an neih loh avangin Sri Lanka economy chu hmelma te tichhiat nilovin, amahin a lo tlu chhe zo ta a ni.

- Prof. Vanlalchhawna