MIZORAM DINCHHUAHNA TUR LAND REFORM

Pathian thu, Nums. 26;51-56 thu kan chhiar chuan Israel thlah zawng zawng 601,730-te tan chhungkaw tam dan ang zela ram pek an nih thu kan hmu a. A tam deuhin ram an nei zau deuh ang a, a tlem deuhin ram an nei zim deuh mai dawn niin Pathian chuan Mosia a hrilh a. Chu ram an sem tur chu ṭhumvawra sem tur tiin a sawi nghe nghe a ni. Hetiang Bible pawn lamah pawh ram changkang zawkahte chuan kum tam tak liam tawh aṭang khan an lo kalpui tawhin; vawiin thlenga la kalpui an awm a. Abik takin America ramah chuan Homestead Act tiin kum 1862 aṭang khan an lo kalpui daih tawh a, chu chu Abraham Lincoln-a hunlaiin a ni nghe nghe. He Homestead Act, 1862 hian tu pawhin ram hi an enkawl peih phawt chuan Acre 160 thleng an enkawl thei ang a, kum nga (5) an tuaihnum peih chuan chu ram chu an nei hlen thei ang tiin dan an lo siam bawk a ni.

Land Reform hi sawifiah dawn chuan ei leh bara intodelh tura ram leilung enkawlna fel tak siam a, kuthnathawktute hamṭhatna tur kawng dap leh ram nei ve lote tana ram an neih theih dan tur kawng dap bawk zelna tiin sawi ila a dik thei ber awm e. America rama Homestead Act, 1862-ah ngei pawh hian a tir lamah chuan Acre 160 chin chu chhungkaw malin an enkawl atana an ruahman a ni a, nimahsela kum nga (5) hnu lekah Acre 320 ah tipungin kum 1880-ah meuh chuan Acre 640-ah an pun ta hluai mai a ni. Hei hi an thlai chinna atana hmun zau an duh vang leh thlai chin an lo uar tak zel vang a ni a, chutiang chuan America ramah chuan dan leh dun mumal tak neiin kum 1862 aṭang khan an lo kalpui tawh a ni. America ram kan sawi ang chiah hian Vietnam ram ngei pawh chuan kum 1975 aṭang daih tawh khan Land Reform hi an kalpui tawh a, sorkarin chhungkaw member pakhat tan Sq. M 360 zel a pe a, chhungkaw rual deuhte chu ram a pe zau deuh tihna a nih chu. Chutianga chhungkaw tinin ram an neih chu kum 20 chhung an enkawl a remtihsakin ṭha taka an enkawl chhunzawm zel peih dawn chuan kum 20 dang pawh an pawhsei sak leh ṭhin bawk a. Hetianga chhungkaw tin hnena ram enkawl tur, thlai chinna hmun tur sorkarin a pekahte hian an duh duh thlai ching mai loin chhungkaw 50 vel zelin thlai chi khat an ching a, chhungkaw 50 vel dangte chuan thlai chi dang an ching leh bawk a, chutiang zel chuan ruahmanna fel tak nen thlai an ching ṭhin a ni. Chutianga hlawm hrang hrangte chu ‘Commune’ an ti a, sorkarin an thlai tharte phurhchhuahna turin kawngpuite pawh a ngaihtuahsak ṭhin.

Hetianga Vietnam ramin mumal taka thlai an chin avang hian buh leh balah an intodelh mai bakah ram danga thawnchhuah tur thlengin an neih phah a, khawvela Buh thawnchhuak tam ber chu Thailand an niin Vietnam hi pahnihna an ni. An ram hi ‘S’ ang deuha kawi niin chhim leh hmar zawnga inkhawh a niin, a sei lai ber hi 1650 Kms a niin, a vang zau zawng hi a inang lo thluah nain a zim lai berah 50 Kms vel a ni. A ram pum hi teh kualin 331,210 Sq. Kms a niin, khawvel ram hrang hrangah hian len lamah 65-na a ni a, a ram hi a chhengchhiat ve avangin thlai chinna hmun tur lei ram pawh hi an nei zau loin, thlai chin theihna hmun hi 25% chauh an nei a, tuifinriat hrula awm an nih avang hian 3,260 Kms lai chu tuifinriat kam an nei nghe nghe. Heng tuifinriat kamahte hian thlai an ching nasa a, tlang ramah ngei pawh Buh leh thlai dangte pawh chingin an buh thar zawng zawnga 20% vel hi tlangrama thlur laih (Hill tarace) aṭanga an thar a ni nghe nghe. Vietnam hian kum 1985 aṭang khan Buh chin dan thar ‘OMSC’ an tih chu kalpuiin ni 90 chhunga Buh thar thei tur chi chu an ching ṭan a, chutiang chuan vawiin thleng hian kum khatah Buh vawi thum (3) an la thar reng ṭhin a ni.

Sawi tur a awm ṭeuh thei ang a, hetianga Vietnam ramin hlawhtling taka Buh leh bal an tharchhuah theihna chhan pawimawh ber chu Land Reform vang a ni kan ti lo thei lo ang. Land Reform vang hian ram dangte pawhin hlawhtlinna an lo nei tawhin an lo intodelh theih phah tawh bawk a. Heng Mexica ramte, China ramte, Bolivia ramte, Taiwan ramte, South Korea ramte, Malaysia ramte leh Thailand ramte ngei pawh hi Land Reform hlawhtlinpuitute zinga a langsarzual an ni. Israel ram pawh hi 60% lai chu thlaler (Desert) a niin, 20% chu semi desert a la ni bawk a, 20%, Galilee hmar lam chauh chu thlai chinna tur atana ram an neih ṭhat chu a ni a, nimahsela an thlaler hmunahte ngei chuan thlai an lo thar thei ta. India ramah ngei pawh hian kum 1961-ah tawh khan State tam takte chuan kalpui ve ṭanin an hlawkpui em em a, abik takin Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh leh Kerela-te phei chuan Buh leh balah an intodelh phahin vawiin thleng hian hmun danga thawnchhuah tur an neih reng phah a ni. Mizoramin Buh kan ei 90% vel zet pawh hi State dang aṭanga kan chawkluh a niin abik takin Haryana leh Punjab aṭang hian kan chawlut nasa lehzual.

Hetiang hian ram dang leh State danga Land Reform an kalpui dan leh an hlawkpui dante tawi tein ka han sawi hmasa a, kan ram, Mizoramah ngei pawh hian he Land Reform hi kalpui theih a niin mipuite ngei pawh hian kan hmasawn phahna tur kawng pawimawh tak pawh a ni. Kum 1898-a Col. J. Shakespear, Superintendent of Lushai Hill District in ‘The Land Settlement Policy’ a lo siam tawh chu kum 1957 vela District Council hruaitute’n tlem an tidanglamin chu chu vawiin thlenga la hman a ni a, chuvangin kan ramah hian ram leilung enkawlna dan leh thlawhhma lak dan tur ruahmanna fel leh ṭha kan neih loh avangin kan pi leh pute aṭang tawha kan chaw rinpui ber Buh-ah ngei pawh kan la intodelh thei lo a ni. Sorkar lam aṭangin ruahmanna fel tak a awm tak tak ngai chuang lo a, mipui lam aṭangin ram neih kan duham em em rualin Buh leh thlai lama intodelh tura beihna tak tak a awm chuang bawk si lo. Mizoram zau zawng hi 21,080 Sq, Kms a niin Sorkar record-ah LSC hi 16, 10, 985, 660 Sq. Kms lai a awma sawi a niin he LSC zau zawng hi Mizoram let 76 zeta zau a nih chu.

Land Reform kalpui tur hian thil pawimawh tak tak a awm a; Dan ṭha tak kan siam a ṭul a, ram enkawltu Department kan neih ngei pawh a ngai. Vietnam bawk hi sawi leh ila, anni chuan an sorkar budget aṭangin 30% lai hi kuthnathawktute tana an dah a ni a, sorkar hnathawk leh midangte pawhin kuthnathawktute hi an ngai pawimawh em em a ni. A dang lehah chuan Land Record pawh ṭha taka kan vawn a ngai bawk ang a, ram neih zat bituk (Land Ceiling) pawh siam ṭul tak a ni. Ka hriat sual loh chuan tunah hian Mizoramah Buh chinna turin ram zawl ṭha Hectare 74,644 laia zau kan neiin chu'ng zingah chuan Hectare 12,130 chauh Buh chinna atana siam a la ni. Hei vang hian ram hruaitute ngei pawh hian kan intodelh theihna atana kan ram awlte hi hman ṭangkai thiam a pawimawh hle a, ruahmanna kan siam a ngai a ni. Mihausa zawkin an duh zat zat ram an nei mai a, an hman ṭangkai chuan si lohte hi zau tak tak a awm bawkin hengte hi hman ṭangkai theih tura ruahmanna kan siam pawh thil ṭul tak a ni bawk ang. Chuti a nih loha tun anga kan kal reng chuan kan ramah hian Buh mai bakah thlai dangte ngei pawh kan intodelh tak tak ngai lo ang a, mi hausate hian kan ram hi an la inchan sem zo palh mai ang e.

Mizoram hian Land Revenue Act, 2013 chu June 1, 2013 aṭanga hman ṭan a niin, he danah hian ram zau lutuk leh ram hman ṭangkai loh neih tihtlem dan tur te, ram pek dan leh land record fel leh langtlang zawk neih dan tur te, zofate chanvo humhalh tura ram inhlanchhawn dan khuahkhirhna fel tak te, ram chungchanga thubuai chinfel dan felfai zawk nei tura Revenue Court leh Revenue Tribunal din dan turte a tel a. Nimahsela, he Land Revenue Act, 2013 hi a taka hman a ni meuh si lo a, hmun tinah ram hman ṭangkai loh zau tak tak a la tamin chu'ngte chu mihausa tute emaw ram a lo ni zel bawk si a. Hengte tibo tur hian sorkar huaisen tak kan neih pawh a ṭulna tak a ni. Land Reform hi kan hman thuai a ṭul hle a, kan dinchhuahna tura thil pawimawh tak a niin abik takin kuthnathawktute tan phei chuan hei lo hi dinchhuahna tur a awm kher awm lo e.

- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak