Power Trading (Power lei leh hralh) Engtin nge Power lei nan sum kan lo bat tak vak ṭhin?

Power/ Energy (Electric-current kan tih bawk) lei leh hralh (Power Trading) lam hi mi nawlpui chuan kan hre em em lo. Han hriat vek emaw, hriat kil kel kha thil pawimawh ber a ni hran lo bawk nen, tun ṭumah hian engtinnge Power/ Energy chu kan lo neih a, kan lo chhit en? sumdawnna (Trading) lian tak a lo nih tak dan te, a tlangpui zawr zawr (kan hriat ve chin aṭangin) kan sawi thuak thuak ang. Kan sawi kim thei dawn lo a, tin, Power kaihhnawih hi thil 'technical' tak mai, a dan leh dun (rules & regulations) te pawh thil che / inthlak deuh fo a nih avang hian hriatsual emaw, lo ni tawh lo (update lo) te pawh a awm thei a, kalpui a nih dan tlangpui sawi kan tum dawn a ni.

Electricity Act, 2003 thlir thuak ila

India ramin Electricity Act, 2003 kan neih hma hian The Indian Electricity Act, 1910 te, The Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948 leh Electricity Regulatory Commission Act, 1998 hmangin India ram Power/ Energy inkaihhruaina hi kalpui a ni. Chumi ang chuan state tinten State Electricity Board neiin, chumi chuan Power/ Energy/ Electric supply leh a kaihhnawih kha an kalpui ṭhin a, mahse, state hrang hrang sum leh pai (economy) dinhmunte a lo inang lo a, chu chuan man tlawm zawk (subsidy) a pekchhuah chungchangah leh thildang tam takah harsatna a lo thlen ta a ni. Tichuan, kum 1998 chho aṭangin Electricity Regulatory Commissions Act chu ennawn niin, a tawpah, tuna kan hman tak, Electricity Act, 2003 hi a lo piang ta a ni. Hei hian Power - Generation (siamchhuah), Transmission (pekchhuah) leh Distribution (sem darh) te hi a lo ṭhen hrang (segregate) ta a, hengah te hian sorkar mai ni lo, mimal (private) leh pawl (organization) ang chi te pawh in Power/ Energy leh a kaihhnawih thil hrang hrang a siam chhuah aṭanga a sem darh thlenga an kalpui theih a, chumi aṭanga sumdawnna (trading) atana an hman theihna turte pawh a lo tel ta a. He dan thar hian ram, nungcha leh sik leh sa (environment) tichhe lo zawnga power siamchhuah 'Clean Energy,' a bik takin Renewable Energy ang chite tih hmasawnna tur a rawn ngai pawimawh em em a ni.

Electricity Regulatory Commi­ssions Act, 1998 hnuaiah chuan Power/ Energy leh a kaihhnawih - Electric Power siamchhuah (generation), pekchhuah (transmission) leh sem darh (distribution) te, sumdawnna (trading) chungchang te, a hmangtu (consumer) leh a kaihhnawih zawng zawng chunga thuneitu tur, Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) awmin, CERC hnuaiah hian state tinin State Electricity Regulatory Commission kan lo nei veleh a. Mizoram chu kan tet deuh avangin Manipur nen Commission inṭawmin Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission, Manipur & Mizoram (JERC) hi kan lo nei ta a ni. Heng Commission te hi Power chungchanga Dan siam (Legislative) leh Rorel/Kenkawng (Judicial) thei tura thu neihna pek a ni bawk a ni.

Power leh a kaihhnawih kal kual dan

Power siamchhuaktu - Generating company (Genco) te chuan an Power siamchhuah an hralhna aṭangin hlawkna an hmu a, chung power siam chhuaktu kan hriat larte chu entirnan, NEEPCO, NTPC etc. ang te hi. Power siamchhuah sa, hmun hrang hrang - power station leh sub-station ang chi a pechhuaktu - Transmission company (Transco) te chuan an hruipui - Grid line a power a luang (Wheeling) zat, a tam dan (₹/MWh) a zirin hlawkna an lo hmu ve leh a, hei hi "Wheeling charge" tih a ni. Transco kan hriatlar chu Power Grid kan tih mai PGCIL an ni a (Delhi Transco Ltd. etc. leh adang pawh an awm tho). Tichuan, a lo sem darhtu, a thlenna tur hmun lo thlen tirtu - Distribution company (Discom) te an awm leh a, keiniah chuan Mizoram sorkara P&E Department hi kan Discom neih kha an ni mai. State lian zawkah chuan a hnuaia kan sawi Open Access kalpui turte in private company ang kha an awm nual awm e.

Electricity Act, 2003 hian thil thar leh thil dang ṭha tak tak a rawn duang chhuak a. Mipuiin kan duhna hmun aṭanga power kan lei theihna tura ruahmmanna - Open Access tih te, chumi Open Access atana hrui (transmission & distribution line) awmsa mek midangin an hman ve theihna tura ruahmanna te, boruak leh nungcha (environemnt) tichhe lo zawnga power siamchhuah - Clean Energy, a bik takin Renewable Energy kan tih hnuaia biomass, wind leh solar energy te chu ngaih pawimawh zual niin, hemi hnuaiah hian State tinte chuan kan Power/ Energy hman zawng zawng aṭanga 10% chu Renewable Energy a ni tur a ni tih dan, intiamkamna (Renewable Purchase Obligation) kan lo neih tak te pawh a tel a ni. Thil siamchhuahna hmun - Indsutry leh Factory ten anmahni hman tur bik atana Power an siamchhuah a, chumi aṭanga hamṭhatna an dawn let a, an hman sen loh (surplus) te pawh manto zawka an hralh ve zel theihna tur ruahmanna - Captive/ Co-Generation Plants scheme ang te pawh a la tel bawk a ni.

India ram hi 'One Nation - One Grid' tih thupui a hmangin Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL) te chuan ram chhung hmun hrang hranga Power station te, Sub-Station kan tihte hi mumal takin an thlun zawm kual (interconnect) vek a (thliarkar ṭhenkhat erawh an tel lo, PGCIL hi Stock Market-ah in zuar (listing) in, Mizote pawhin an share kan lei ṭhin a nih hi) chumi a electric current kal vel enkawltu tur bik, Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSOCO) a awm leh bawk a ni.

Tichuan, National Load Dis­patch Center awmin, Regional Load Dispatch Center a awm leh a (Mizoram leh hmarchhakte hi North Eastern Load Despatch Centre [NERLDC], Shillong a hmunpui nei aṭanga enkawl kan ni), chumi hnuaiah state tinin State Load Dispatch Center (SLDC) kan nei ve leh a. Kan SLDC te hian kan Power mamawh zat tur te, kan mamawh hun turte kha an lo ruahman (Schedule) ta ṭhin a, chumi hnuah Regional lamah thawn thlain, National lamah a thleng a, heng zawng zawng hi tunlai khawvelah chuan internet/online hmanga awlsam taka tih vek a ni tawh a ni (Kan Load schedule te hi a hma chuan Real-time data kha a duh duh tan en theih a ni ṭhin a, tunah erawh kan en thei tawh lo).

Power/ Energy hmanga sumdawnna

Power/ energy leh a kaihhnawih hrang hrang hmanga sumdawnna - Power Trading - generation, transmi­ssion leh distribution te phal rai a lo nih tak angin, India ram chuan Stock Exchange lian (bik) pahnih, National Stock Exchange (NSE) leh Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) kan nei ang hian Power Trading bik atan Exchange pahnih - Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) leh Power Exchange India Limited (PXIL) kan nei a. Heta ṭang hian Stock Exchange a share kan lei leh hralh ang deuh khan, Power/Energy hi mamawh dan a zira lei a, hralh theih a lo ni ta bawk a ni. (Han sawi belh mai mai ila, IEX hi Stock Exchange-ah an inzuar (Listing) a, an share te pawh kan lei ṭhin a nih hi! PXIL hi NSE leh National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) te ta niin, anni hian Stock Exchange a PXIL an list dawn khan share khat Rs. 3-5/- vel an ti a, IEX ve thung erawh hi chu an list khan share khat Rs. 1,600/- a ni. IEX hi tuna an share man hi pakhat Rs. 163.50/- vel a nih laiin PXIL erawh hi chu an IPO ta lo a ni awm e.)

Power lei, hralh, leh inpek dan (contract) hrang hrang a awm. Power kan lei dawnin 'Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)' a awm leh a, hei hi chi hnih - Long Term leh Short Term a ṭhen a ni. Long Term-ah hian state hrang hrangin power siamchhuahna hmun aṭanga kan chanvo, Central/CERC-in min pek (Central Pool tia an sawi hi a ni ang chu ka ti mai a) te hi State hrang hrangte kan innghahna lian ber a ni ang a. A bik takin, keini Mizoram ang te chu kan innghahna lian ber a ni lo thei lo a ni. Tichuan, hemi long term chhungah hian Bilateral Agreement (mi pahnih inkara inremna siam bik) ang chi kha a awm leh thei ang a, hemi Bilateral Trading/ Agreement ah hian Tuirial HEP bik hi a niin a rinawm; a chhan chu Tuirial HEP aṭanga power siamchhuah zawng zawng aṭanga 12% hi a neitu state kan nih angin a thlawn (free) a kan chanvo a ni. A bak zawng hi a man siam lawk (predetermined cost/price) anga kan lei vek tura inremna siam a ni a, State dangin emaw, DISCOMs dangten an lei ve thei ta lo a ni.

Tin, short term chhungah hian power trading hi awm leh thei ang a, tichuan hemi 'Power Trading' tak mai hi tuna Mizoram leh state dangin power leina atana sum kan lo bat tak nualna lai tak pawh hi a lo ni ta a ni.
Mizoramin power kan hmuhna ber chu hengte hi a ni:

1. NEEPCO - 129.630MW (NEEPCO leh a dangte pawh hian Power Plant hrang hrang an nei a, chuta ṭanga kan chanvo kha a hlawma rawn tarlan a ni)
a) Tuirial (60MW) - hi a chunga 129.630MW ah a tel tho (an siam chhuah zawng zawng aṭanga 12% hi a thlawn (free) a kan chanpual a ni. A bak zawng chu Unit khat Rs. 5.18 zelin kan lei thung (rate hi revised a ni tawh em ka hre lo) tihtarlan nan a hranpa in ka han sawi leh kher a ni).
2. TSECL - 10.500MW
3. OTPC -22.000MW
4. NHPC - 5.270MW
5. NTPC - 45.430MW
6. STATE (Owned Generating Stations) - Keimahni, Mizoram State aṭanga kan siam chhuah ve zawng zawng - 29.350MW (Hei hi a tling lo ṭhin hle in a rinawm)
7. Power Trading aṭangin - Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) leh Power Exchange India Limited (PXIL) hi a chunga kan sawi angin, mamawh dan a zira chawp leh chilha power lei leh hralhna kha a ni ta a, hei hi tuna power leina kan bat tak nualna hi a ni ta a ni.

Kan tarlan tak hmun hrang hrangah hian chanvo leh keimahni siamchhuah ve aṭanga kan hmuh tur hi chhan hrang hrang avangin hmuh kim theih a ni lo (hmuh kim lai kan neih a rinawm lo). Entirnan NERLDC July, 2022 data hi lo hmang ila, heta tarlan ang chuan kan hmuh theih tur zawng zawng (Entitlement) hi 8456 MU (Million Unit) a ni a, chuta hmuh tura kan sawi (Schedule) chu 1379 MU a ni; a tak taka kan hmuh chu 1214 a ni. A chhan ni thei awma lang chu, kan hmuhna tur zinga mi, Kopili Hydro Electric Project (KHANDONG) te, KOPILI leh KOPILI-2 te hian Power engzatmah an siam chhuak lo nge ni, NIL an ni phawt a. PARE hian 73.552000 MU pe chhuak tura ngaih a nih laiin, 59.937483 an pe chhuak a, khatiang khan engemaw avang hian kan hmuh tur hi kan hmu kim thei lo a ni.

Kan Power hmuh tum leh hmuh tur chu kan hmu kim ta lo fo a, keimah nin siam chhuah tih tham kan lo nei bawk si lo. Tichuan, Power Exchange (IEX/PXIL) lamah kan mamawh dan a zirin order kan siam ta ṭhin a, hemi ah hian inbiakremna (contract) kha a awm ve leh a ni. DAM (Day Ahead Market) ah chuan a tuk atan kan order thei a, Intraday-ah chuan Stock market a ni khat atana kan trade ṭhin ang tho khan Intraday a nih ang takin, ni khat atan khan a ni veleh a. Day Ahead Contingency te, Daily Contracts te, Weekly Contracts etc a la awm lehzel a ni.

A lehlamah, kan power hmuh zat tur aia tam emaw, kan mamawh bak (surplus) kha power lo nei ta ila, hemi Power Exchange - Power Trading hmang hian kan hralh thei a, kan hralh ve ṭhin ni pawhin alang.
Tichuan, Power siamchhuaktu (Genco) te chuan kan order a zir khan min rawn pe ta ṭhin a. An rate pawh a inang lo ve zel bawk a, bat te pawh an lo phal a, kan ba a, kan ba zel a. Tichuan, State 12 vel lai chuan Power Trading bik aṭang chuan tun dinhmunah power kan lei an phal ta rih lo a ni. A awmzia ber chu, Discom kan tih (Mizoramah chuan P&E Dept ang hi) te khan Power siamchhuaktu Genco te hnenah pawisa an ba nasa tawh lutuk tihna a ni.

Power Exchange a Power Trade a nih hian a man a inang lo fur a, tichuan, uchuak taka a man tihsan a nih loh nan Unit khat Rs. 20/- pel lo tura dan siam (thar) a ni. Unit khat Rs. 5/- vela kan lei thei a nih leh kan vannei tihna a ni a, mahse, a tlangpuiin Power Trading-ah hian Unit khat Rs. 18/- vel a ni. Heta Power man a to chhan hi mamawh hunlai taka power lei theih a nih vang kha a ni ber mai (North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited Press Release - September 17, 2019 ah chuan NEEPCO hian North East ten kan chanpual, a vaiin 345MW chu Power trading lamah emaw bilateral agreement lama hralh a nih theih nan Ministry of Power-ah de-allocation tura dilna an lo siam tawh a ni)

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)

State tinte Power hman zawng zawng aṭanga 10% chu Renewable Energy a ni tur a ni, tiin, dan hnuaiah intiamkamna (obligation) kan nei vek a, mahse, tu state mahin a tak takah chuan kan tlin ṭhin lo. Chuvangin, Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) kalphung (mechanism) chu lo siam chhuakin, hei hian a tum ber chu Renewable Energy siamchhuah nasa taka tihhmasawn a ni. Tumahin 10% Renewable Energy chu kan tlin ṭhin loh avangin Renewable Energy siam chhuaktute chuan an Power siamchhuah zat chu an lo chhinchhiah zel a, 1MW a tlin a piang khan certificate pakhat a lo ni ta zel a, chu chu Power trading leh a lilam (auction) na hmunah zawrh a ni ta ṭhin a. State tam takin chu Renewable Energy Certificate chu an lei ta ṭhin a ni. Tichuan, central lam chuan state te chu Renewable Energy an hman angah a lo pawm sak ta ṭhin a ni.

Hetah hian State ṭhenkhat chuan sum an hmang ve nual ṭhin a, Mizoram hi chu kan power hman a tlem deuh a, he certificate lei nana kan sum hman pawh a tam lutukin a rinawm lo. Kan lo intodelh (kan power hman zawng zawng aṭanga 10% kha Renewable kan lo hmang) reng thei bawk. Mizoram ah pawh hetiang hi kalpui ve zel a ni a, mimal te hian kalpui uar zual ila a ṭha viau ang.

- Kca Khawlhring Chunthang