EI LEH BARA INTODELH TUR CHUAN THA PUI THAWH A NGAI (MIZORAM AGRICULTURE)

Agriculture University ina Agriculture a tih chuan heng department: Agriculture te, Horticulture te, Veterinary & Animal Husbandry te, Fisheries te leh Agriculture Engineer (Minor Irrigation) Department te hi a huam vek a ni. Heng department ho hmasawn dan hi tun tumah hi chuan kan sawi seng lo ang. Chawa kan rinpui buhbal leh a khingpui thlai chawhmeh hrang hrang tharna lama hmalatu Agriculture Department leh Horticulture Department thawh dan leh hmasawn dan thenkhat kan sawi bakah buhbala intodelh tura hmalakna hautak tur zia sawi chhuah kan tum dawn bawk a ni.

Kan ram leilung hman dan leh department hmalak dan ṭhenkhat sawi hmasa ta ila. Hmanlai, tuk loh ram ngawpui ṭhiat a, thing leh mau vat thlua, ngawpui vahchap chhah tawka lei han rawh hminah khan buh leh bal leh thlai chitin rengte an ṭha em em a. Buh leh bal leh engkim a thar hlawk a; intodelh mai bakah chawngchen nana zu leh sa siam nan pawh a daihin an chenghnawng em em ṭhin a ni. Kum sual kum (mautam, thlichhetleh, khawkhen kum) te a nih loh chuan Tlangram lo (Tuklawr lo, silai mal tih thlûka lam tur) neih a hlawk em em ṭhin. Hlo (hnim) thlawh tur a awm mang lo a, awlsam takin buh an thar ṭeuh ṭhin. Mihring an tlem a, ram bawh (pilh) khat aṭanga a dang neih kualchhuah (rotation) hun chhung kum 20 aṭanga kum 30 laite a ni a, ram a ṭhain a tui thei em em a ni. Thing leh mau vat tlua kum eng emaw zat lo atan an neih kual chhuah chuan lei chung lang hang ṭha chhah tak maia inkhawlsa, buh leh bal ei dak rual loh chu tuihawkin kir leh ngai tawh lo turin a len bo duak duak ṭhin a. Chuvang chuan tuklawr lo neih ṭhinna ram chu ram chhiaah a lo chang ṭhin a ni.

Hlo chi hrang hrang a tla (to) a, lei a chhe bawk si a, hlo thlawh a harin buhbal chin a hlawk mawh ta ṭhin a ni. Hmanlaia awlsam taka lo zau tak hlawk taka nei thei ṭhin khan tha tam tak seng chung pawhin chhungkaw kham khawp thar a har ta em em a ni. Tuklawr lo (thingtlang lo) neihna atana ram hman hi ram hman dan changkang lo leh hnam mawlhote eizawnna nia ngaih a ni. A chhan chu sik leh sa leh ram leilung bakah thing leh mau leh a hnuaia nungchate, tuihna leh luia cheng rannungte tihchhiatna bulpui ber a nih vang a ni.

Tuklawr lo neih ina ram a tihchhiat dan hre rengin  min awp hmasatu Bawrhsapte khan rem hre zawka buhbal thar dan ngaihtuah turin kum 1905 tawh khan Agriculture Demonstrator pakhat Johanapa dah a nih thu Dr Zokhuma (fam) Joint Director (Rtd) khan a sawi a. A hnuah khan Kison Royte leh Biswas Babu-a te an lo chhuak ta zel a ni, a ti. Thelret chinte, changdawl (terrace) siama thlai chinte, serthlum hmun siamte an zirtir ta zel a ni. Chutihlai chuan Manding Sap G.H Loch-a chuan Champhai zawl leh North Vanlaiphai zawlte leileta siam turin hma a laktir a, damdawi inte awmin khaw pawimawhah a dah nghe nghe a ni. Bawrhsap C.G.C Helme-a pawhin Hnahlan Lailiphai leh Chemphai zawltea leilet nei turin hma a laktir bawk a ni tih kan hria. District Council hotute leh a hnua U.T leh State hotute chuan buh thar theihnana zawlzau awmna South Vanlaiphai ah te Serchhip zawlpuiahte, Buhchang phai leh Phura zawlahte leh zawl awm apiangah buhbal thar theihna turin hma an la a ni.

U.T kan nih aṭang khan Ministry apiangte Agriculture Policy chu Agri Department Policy a ni mai ṭhin a; ruahmanna hrang hrang siamin loneitute lo nghet neia khai chhuah a tum ṭhin. Ruahmanna lar deuhte chu Garden Colony te, Jhum Control te, New Land Use Policy (NLUP) te, Mizoram Intodelhna Policy (M.I.P) te, Organic Farming te an ni. Hetih lai hian lo neih thiamthil  loneitute hnena thehdarh hna (Agri extension) te, Thlai Venhim hna (Plant protection) te leilung enfiah leh thlai ṭhat duhna chinfel hna leh buhbâl thar hmasawn nana pawimawh hrang hrangte chu thlahthlam lova thawh reng a ni bawk .

Central sawrkar atangin tui leh leilung humhalhna lam kawk ruahmanna (CSS) heng NWPRA te, IWDP te, WDPSCA te chu Mizoramah hnapui ber pakhat atan lakluh an ni. Heng state plan aṭang leh C.S.S hnuaia ruahmanna aṭang hian Buhbal thar theihna changdawlte leh leilette a lo pung ve tial tial a. Kawng tinrengah Zoram agriculture chuan buh leh bal thar chhuah nan hma a sawn ve zel a ni. Loneitute thlai chawmna atana tanky siamsak te, thlai chin nana changdawl siamsakte, thlai thiarna kawng siamsak lamahte hma a sawn zel a. Horticulture Department-in C.S.S hnuaia National Horticulture Mission Scheme aṭanga Horticulture thlai, pangpar leh thei tipung tura hmalaknate hian hmasawnna thar tam tak hmuh theihin a chhawp chhuak nghe nghe a ni.

Hripui len vanga inkhuahkhirh (total lockdown) hun hma lam kha thlai chawhmeh van lai ber thla kha a ni chungin, horticulture thlai thar chhuah ṭhahnem tawhzia kha a hriat theih awm e. Phai lam thlai lo lut lo pawh khan chawhmeh thlai nghei sawi tur kan awm lo niin a lang. Amaherawhchu intodelh tih tur khawpa duhthlan tur erawh a la awm lo a; a hralh dan pawh thar chhuaktute tana manhla a nih theih nan awmze nei taka tihral dan (regulated market) an mamawh hle niin a lang.

Sawi tawh angin Buhbal (food grain) thar nana ṭan lakna a rei tawh ngaihtuahin Zoram mipui thla thum ei vel lek kan thar bawk si hi a manganthlakna lai chu a ni. Buhbal thara intodelh loh chhante han sawi ila:

1. Central Sawrkar Food Policy vangin hawpkhawp thar loh hlauhna a ti nep: 

Chaw eitur awm loh vanga thih hi India khua leh tuite zingah a awm tur a ni lo tih chu Central Sawrkar Policy a ni. State pakhat buh thar dan azirin Central atanga buhbal chawk luh tam leh tlem chu state mamawh dan azir a ni. Chuvangin miin buh thar tlem mah se, a leina tur hmuhna hlawk zawk a hmuh chuan, lo neih a thlahthlam mai ṭhin. Developing state (state ṭhang mek) kan ni a, inhlawhna hlawk zawk sum hmuhna a tam hle. Sum leng vel a tam vangin kawngpui dunga kuhva leh nepnawi zuar tak ngial pawh Pa tung hlo thlo chhungkaw lakluh aiin sum a la lut hnem zawk ṭhin. Leilet nei ngelnghet ṭhenkhat pawhin kum tluana an tha sen ngaihtuaha sum hmuhna  hlawk zawk an hmuh chuan, leilet neih chu an chawlhsan mai ṭhin. Ration tlanna tur awlsam zawka sum lakluh rengna a neih chuan lo neih hi an bansan mai ṭhin.

2. Central Agriculture Policy hianbuh thar nghal chauh a huam lo: 

Sik leh sa leh ram leilung bakah thing leh mau leh a hnuaia nungchate, tuihna leh luia cheng thil nungte humhalh leh buhbal thar vanga a tlem thei ang ber tihchhiat hi Central Agriculture Policy chu a ni. Heng mihring nunna hnar hi tihchhiat ṭul a nih pawh a, a tlem thei ang ber tichhiaa kum rei tak heng nungchate nena nunho theih nana buh leh thlai thar chu Central sawrkar duh dan a ni. Chutiang ruahmanna chi hrang hrang tihpuitlin hna chu department-a thawkte'na hun tam tak an khawhralna a ni. Buhbal thar nghal nan hian departmenta hna thawktute hi an indaih tawk lo tihna a ni.

3. Buhbal thar theihna lo nghet a la zau tawk lo: 

Kan ram tlang ram a nih dan leh tlang chung zawl leh lui kam zawl nei mumal lo an nihzia kan sawi tawh a. Kum za chuang kal ta aṭanga buhbal thar theihna ram zawl zau nei tura beih a ni tawh a; amaherawhchu buhbal thar theihna hmun zawl changdawl (terrace) emaw wet rice cultivation (WRC) hmun emaw kan la nei tam tawk lo tihna a ni.

4. Tuklawr lo (Thingtlang lo) neih a hlawk tawh lo:

Sawi tawh angin tuklawr lo neih a hlawk loh vangin, loneitu an tlem tawh bakah thlawhhma an nei zim a, buh thar a tlem tawh hrim hrim a ni.

A chunga sawi tak chhan hrang hrang avang khian ruahmanna eng emaw zat thawk reng chung siin Zoram chu ei leh barah kan intodelh thei ta rih lo a ni. 

Engtin nge buh leh bala kan intodelh tak ang?

I. Mizoram buh thar kan humhalh ang: 

Mizoram hmar lam Cachar district depa leilet awm heng Chemphai te, Phaisente leh Bairabi tea buh thar zawng zawng khu Cachara lut thla lovin, a neitu Mizo kutah lut vek thei se, buhfai M.T eng emaw zat chu kan hum thei ngei ang. Khawl hmangin leilet neih hun pangngaiah 

ṭhahnem ngai taka thawh a, buh chi ṭha te, fertilizer leh enkawl dan tur awmze nei taka pek an ni ang. Ram ruak a awm loh nan thlasik thlaite chin a ni ang. Champhaiah te, Serchhip zawlpuiahte ram tiawl lovin an hmang ṭangkai 

ṭan mek a, a zawng chhang thlak viau a ni.

II. Phaizawl siam bak kan siam ang: 

Kan ram phaizawl neih chhun ualau leh siam awl lai lai chu kan siam deuh vek laiin phaizawl hmun kilkhawra awm leh tlawhpawhna kawng mumal lohna hmun eng emaw zata awmte chu tuite lak a, leilet siam tur a ni ang. Tuichawng phairuamte, chamdur zawlte chu entirna an ni.  

III. Buhbal chinnan ramzawl kan siam ang: 

Kan ram hmunhmai (topography)-in a zir loh zia leh tlang chung hriam leh pang awih virver, kawr thuk tak leh lui kam zawl nei lo awmkhawm a nih dan kan sawi tawh kha. Chuti chung chuan a hautak emaw pawh ni se, buhbal chinna hmun tur atan changdawl (terrace) zawl emaw Wet Rice Cultivation (WRC) tur zawl emaw siam belh a ngai a ni. MIRSAC chhût danin kan ramah hian ram zawl lam 70% hnuai lam ram hectare 11,59,197 vela zau a awm a. Buh ṭin 2 ½  hmunah buhfai matric tonnes 2 ½  thar thei turin chhut ta ila, lo nghet siam tawhna hmun paihin buhfaia intodelh tur chuan ram hectare 7925-a zau laihzawla buh thar a ngai a ni.

Buhbal chinna atana changdawl (terrace) emaw WRC ha 7925 siam tur chuan a hautak hle dawn tih a hriat a. Ram nawr zawl ngawt a tawk lo va, tui kawng siam leh tui tlintheihna bial siamte pawh hautak tham tak siam tur a ni ang. Thingtlang khaw te mual (field) mi pakaw football pet theihna zawl 4050 sqm siam puitling turin tunlaiah cheng nuai 10 sen hian a daih lo hial awm e. Chutichuan ṭin 2 ½ (10000 Sqm) tizawl tura a hautak dan tur zia a chhut theih mai awm e. Hun kal tawha NLUP ṭanpuina Rs. 1,00,000/- a chhungkaw ei khawp leilet nawr zawl chawpa buh thar tum kha thil harsa lam niin a lang.

Buhbal thar chhuaha intodelh a pawimawh:

Kan sawi sei ta hle mai. Hripui a lo lan meuh chuan eitur buhbal chu mihring mamawh hmasa ber a ni tih kan hre lehzual ta a nih hi. Lockdown hmasa bera chawhmeh awm tak si loh lai khan anhnah tel lei ve tura mi an vir hut hut laiin Zopar pangpar mawi tak cheng sang man mana an telho thehthang tur pawh cheng za vel lek lek paw’n mipuiin an hawi duh lo a ni tih thu Horticulture Director Dr Elizabeth Saipari’n a sawi a ni. Ni e, Netherlands rama pangpar Euro cheng maktaduai tam tak man hmun chuan hripui len vanga zawrh theih loh leh hnawk mai a nih tak avangin khawlin an suat buaih buaih a ni tih kan hmu bawk a ni. Hripui leng ang bawk hian hnam thil vang emaw indo vang emaw leh eng emaw vang hian buaina chhuak thei reng a ni. Chutiang harsatna chu hnam anga kan hmachhawn theih nan eng zat pawh seng dawn ila, ei leh bara intodelh chu tihmakmawh a ni, tih a lang chiang khawp mai.

Kan mi hmasa Pu P.Lalnithanga (fam) pawh khanin Thu leh Hla chanchinbu June 2009 chhuakah khan Car man tam berahte chuangin, thuamhnaw mawi ber leh man tam ber inbelin, in thar ber leh nuam berah cheng mah ila, ril-

ṭam chang leh eitur tlachham chung chuan chung thilte chuan hlutna an nei lo. Japan, buh chin theihna ram nei mumal lo leh Israel thlaler ram ro hlira khat deuhthaw pawhin eibara intodelh an tum a, sum tamtak sengin an ram Agriculture khawvel mak tih khawpin an chawikang a ni a lo ti tawh a ni. Kumin May 2020 thlaa Zonet Cable T.V buatsaih IAS Retired titi khawchanga thusawiah khan Pu C.Lalsawta IAS (rtd) pawhin ei leh bara Mizoram intodelh a ṭulzia thu a sawi a; buhbala intodelh tur chuan a bik tak a sum tam tak kan phal a ngaih thu a sawi a, UNO member hrang hrangten ram dang laka an huhang a len theih nan World Bank aṭanga Food Subsidy loan chang tam ram nih tumin an inchuh ṭhin a; chu chuan buh leh bala intodelh tura sum ṭhahnem tak sen a ṭulzia a lantir a ti a ni. Pu P.C Lawmkunga IAS (rtd) pawhin budget-a sum dah tam leh dah tam loh aṭang hian Ministry hawi zawng a hriat theih a, Agriculture Department leh Horticulture Department Budget a sum a dah tam loh danah Ministry hian heng department hi tihhmasawn chiam a tum lo a ni ang a ti bawk a ni.

Mizoram ei leh bara intodelh tura mawhphurtu hi Agri/Horti Department chauh an ni lova, Mizorama department awm zawng zawng mawhphurhna pawh a ni; a chhan chu Zoram budget nghawng thei ruahmanna a nih dawn vangin. Zoram hmasawnna atana thawktu zawng zawngte'n buh leh bala Zoram a lo intodelh theih nan rilru zau tak pua beih tlan a ngai a ni. Intodelh tura hmasawnna ruhrel (Infrastructure) din nana sum hautakzia hriain, sum tam zawk a ṭul pawha budget tihsan hrethiamin department danga budget a cher deuh pawha hriatthiam I tum ang u. Japan mithiam emaw Israel agricultural scientist emaw pawh lo kal se, buh leh bal thar theihna khawpa ram zau siam leh taima taka hnathawh bak chu technology danglam tak an hman a rinawm chuang lo. Aizawl khawpui mihring chawmzo Tlawng lui tui Engineer-ten an pe thei a. Khawl chi hrang hrang hmangin kawng kan lai theiin ram kan nawr zawl thei bawk a.  Buh leh bal chin thiam Agriculture scientist ṭhahnem tawk tak kan nei bawk a.Intodelh theihna khawp buh leh bal tharchhuah theihna ram zawl siam theihna khawp sum budget-a dah a, a ṭul dan ang anga mithiam (technician) hrang hrang ina anmahni hma zawn ṭheuha thil ṭul tihpuitlin chu buh leh bala intodelhna kawng awmchhun chu a niin a lang.