LIR A NGHING A NGHING MAI

Kum 2020 chhûng hian kan ram in lirnghing nghawr hi ṭum 7 chuang kan hre ta a. Heng zinga ṭum 2 hi Mizoram chhûnga insiam a ni a, June ni 21 tlai dar 4:16-a Ngopa khawthlang lam km 12-a insiam M5.1-a na leh June ni 22 tuk dar 4:10-a Champhai aṭanga chhim-khawthlang lam km 27-a Mat lui-a insiam nia ngaih a ni a, hei hi M5.5-a na a ni. 

Lirnghing nat zawng, a hmun leh a thûk zawng hi han google mai theih a ni na a, Ministry of Earth Sciences hnuaia National Centre for Seismology data hi behchhan leh rintlakah kan ngai thung. Lirnghing chanchin tlângpui han inhrilhfiah tum ila.

Kan khawvel hi thuah thuma siam a ni a, a chunglâng ber hi ‘Crust’ an ti, kan chênna hmun hi a ni. Lei chhungril zâwk (Mantle) lama che vêlin a chunglâng hi a khawih che ve hrut hrut ṭhin. Crust hi hlawm sakhat tak ni lovin hlawm tam taka siam a ni si a, heti anga innawr tawnna aṭang hian, a innek vêlna bawrah thahrui tam tak a inchhek khâwl ṭhin a. Leilung (earth crust) in a dawl loh chinah a chak lo laiah khi chat (fault) a siam a. Innek tawn reng na na chu pelh sawlh thut emaw, pial thut hun a lo awm a, thahrui a rawn chhuah a, lei a lo nghawr che ta dur dur a, chu chu lirnghing kan ti. 

Lei khi chat (fracture) insiam chawp leh awm sa tawh in pelhsawlh (fault) aṭangin lirnghing a lo awm a ni tih hi, kum 1906 khan Prof. H.F. Reid-a chuan a lehkhabu Elastic Rebound Theory-ah chiang takin a lo hrilhfiah tawh a ni. Leilung fân theihna in a tlin tawh loh tâwp (elastic limit)- ah hian, kum tam tak chhûng thahrui lo inchhêk khâwl tawh kha vawi leh khatah thahrui hi a rawn chhuah thut ṭhin a, hei hian lirnghing a rawn siam a ni. Lirnghing nghawr nat zâwng hi a insiamna khi chat (fault) sei zawng, a zau zawng leh a thuk zâwngah a innghat lei chhungrila lirnghing insiamna hi ‘focus’ (hypocenter) an ti. Hemi zawna lei chunglang, lirnghing nghawr thlenna hmasaber kha ‘epicentre’ tih a ni a, a ‘focus’ thûk zâwng hi ‘depth’ tih a ni.

Lir a lo nghin hian nghawr (seismic waves) chi hrang hrang a pe chhuak a, a nghawr chet dan hi a inang lo zung a, khâwl hmang lo chuan hemi fâwn hi hriat hran mai theih a ni lo. Hemi lirnghing nghawr inang lo avang hian lei chhungril dinhmun pawh kan hriat theih phah a ni. Lirnghing tehna (seismograph)-in nghawr chak ber leh a dawttu a dawn chiah hian, lirnghing nat zawng, a thlenna hmun, leh a insiamna thûk zawng a chhut a. Hetiang ang tehna hmun hrang hrang aṭang hian lirnghing nihna kha kan lo hre thei ta ṭhin a. 

Lir a nghing tirha an rawn tihchhuah aiin a hnu lama en hian a nat zawng dik tak chu a paw chhuak fuh zawk a. Hemi enfiah hmaa lut khawm leh khaikhawm dan inang lo ni bawk si avang hian, lirnghing pakhat ṭheuh ṭheuh pawh data a inang lo zung mai ṭhin. Kan ram chhûngah hian lirnghing tehna hi awm ve se chu, tûn ai hian a focus hi kan hre chiang lehzual thei ang. Hemi bika zirbingna neih leh tuma PUC leh phai lam mithiamte ṭang­rualin project kan neih chu a hlawhling rih lo a, a pawi hle.

India hmarchhak hi lirnghing na tak pawh tuar thei zingah dah a ni a. Hlawm hrang hrang an ṭhen zingah Mizoram hi Bengal Basin and Tripura - Mizoram Fold Belt-ah min dah a. Hemi huam chhûngah hian fault lian tham panga a awm- Meghalaya tlang chung zâwl leh Bengal phai su tlangtu Dauki fault te, hmarchhak zawnga inkham Sylhet fault (Mat fault-in a zawm) te, chhim leh hmar zawnga inkhawh Jamuna fault te, hmar thlang zawnga inkham Tista fault te, Mizoram chhûnga hmar-thlang leh chhim-chhak zawnga khi chat Mat leh Chhimtuipui (Tuipui) fault te hi a ni. 

Satellite thlalak 

aṭanga Mizoram chhûnga chiang taka lei in pelh­sawlh/ khi chat (fault) kan hmuh theih chu mat fault hi a ni. Ding lam zâwnga pelh sawlh (right lateral strike slip) chi a ni a, Dr. Lalliana Mualchin chuan M7thlenga na lirnghing siam thei tûrin a ngai. He fault chet dan hi kum 2006 aṭanga 2011 chhûng khan kum tin hunbi neiin dahna hmun bîkah hun bi tuk chhûnga GPS hmanga a chêt chak dan endik ṭhin a ni a, kum khatah ±5mm in a che a, khâwlin a enfiah theih chin km 4 thlenga thûkah chuan ngaihmawh thama nâ-in lei hi a che lo nia report a ni - hei aia thûka lirnghing insiam hi zirbingna neih chinah chuan a hriat theih loh tihna a ni. 

Lirnghing lama Ph.D kan neih Dr. Saitluanga (PUC) zirbingnaa a lan dan chuan, kum 50 chhûng chu M4.5 aia na a nghing lo va, he Mat fault bul hnai km 100 huam chhungah M5.5 aia na a nghing lo bawk. Mi tam zâwkin a nghawr kan hriat theih loh M4.5 aia hnuai chu a nghing ve tihna a ni. June ni 22, Thawhṭanni zing dar 4:10-a lirnghing hi Mat fault-a insiam a ni a, M5.5 a na a ni a, a insiamna hi km 20-a thûk a ni bawk. Leilung chanchin zirmi tan chuan a pawimawh hlê a ni. 

Tunhnai ami bâkah Mizoramin lirnghing nghawr kan tuar nasat zualte chu, nilai zan inkhawm kan buai phah nakna April ni 13 zân dar 7:25-a nghing M 6.9-a na te, January ni 4, 2016 zîng dar 4:30-a nghing M 6.7-a na te, leh February ni 4, 2011 zan dar 7:25-a, M 6.4-a na a nghing te kha a ni; a epicentre hi Mizoram pawn lam a ni thung. Hengte hi ram pâwna lirnghing insiam ni mah se, Mizoram pumin kan hria a, concrete tuizem pût leh in leh hmun ṭhenkhat khi tih loh chu, thi leh hliam an awm hriat a ni lo thung. Pu Lalṭanpuia Zadeng (MIRSAC)-in a zir chianin, Mizoram chhûnga lirnghing thlenna epicenter aṭanga khaw hnai ber zêl-ah hetiang hian kan tuar bawk (Hriat thama na chin):- Vaṭhuampui-ah, Nov. 25, 1994 (M6.1), Lamherh (25.7.1949; M6.0), Phullen (8.2.1986; M5.5), Chhim tâwp, Burma ram ri-ah (2.11.1989; M5.4), Vaphai (27.11.1989; M5.2), Riangtlei (10.3.1990; M5.1), Dampa sanctuary chhûngah (23.12.1977; M5.1) leh Sakawrdai (19.4.2011; M4.5) te a ni - hêngte hian thil tihchhiat liantham a nei lova hriat a ni. 

Hêng kan ram chhûnga lirnghing, June ni 21-a Ngopa bula lirnghing kan hriat te pawh tiamin, a thlentu fault hi sawi thiam a har viau. Leilung che vel intawk sirna lian, tectonic plate insu avânga thleng pawh a ni maithei. A tehna ber hi kan state pawn a nih bâkah zirbingna kalpuitu pawh hmundang aṭanga neih a nih avang hian thil chiang tak sawi a harsa rih a, heti lama mithiamte zawhfiah mek a ni. 

July ni 11, 2016-a Science lam chanchin­bu rintlak- Nature Geo­science-a Bangladesh hnuaia lirpui, Magni­tude 8-9 inkâr a insiam chungchâng zirbingna tarlan hi tûn hnaiah thar thawh leh a ni a. India- Australia khawmual­pui leilung leh Eura­sian leilung hlawm inchaltauhna ram bawr vêl- Bangladesh ram, India Hmarchhak leh Myanmar ram-ah te GPS khâwl hi an dah a. National Science Foundation (NSF) leh NASA ten sum paia an ṭanpui, American leh Bangladesh mithiamten Bangladesh rama an dah GPS 26 hmanga kum 2003 aṭanga kum 2014 inkâr leilung chêt dan data leh, India Hmarchhak leh Myanmar lama hetiang lam zirtute zirbing lehkhate nên an han thlûr bing a. Hmundang zawng aiin Bangladesh phai hnuai leilung chêt dân chu a lo chak a (46mm/ year). 

He lei innawr tawmna hi khawthlang lam aṭanga khawchhak zâwnga che niin, Myanmar lamah inbilh lût tuta leilung che hrut hrut chu khawchhak lama che aia a chak zâwk avângin a inkamki ta tlat a. Leilung tawlh che vel chu a tâwp chuan loh avangin a nawrna thahrui chu a inchhêk khâwl zêl a. Hetianga leilung innawrah hian leilungin dâwl loh chin a neihah thahrui a sah huk ṭhîn, chu chuan lirnghing a siam ṭhin. 

Bangladesh hnuaia lei che inmun mêk pawh hi hetia a chêt dân an han zir tâkah chuan, kum za tam thahrui lo inchhêk khâwl tawh chu, mipui bitna hmuna insiam a nih tlat avâng hian nghawng a nei lian thei hlê ang, tiin zirbingna thuziak tlâng an kâwm a ni. 

Zirna in hrang hrang- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University (USA) te, New York City University (USA) te, Dhaka University leh Nanyang Technological University (Singapore)-a mithiamte zirbing thuziak ang chiah hi chu ni lo deuh mahse, India mithiamte pawhin mi nawlpui tâna hriat fiah har deuh zâwngin an lo zirin an lo ziak fo tawh ṭhîn. Lirnghing insiamna kawng leh a hlauhawmna hmun, lirnghing nghawr pawh tuar pha ram kan nihna hi a danglam lova, a sawh nghet a tih theih. Mahse, lirpui thlen hun tur te, khawi ram leh khawpuiten nge tuar na zual dâwn tih sawi lâwka kawh nghauh nghauh theih a ni lutuk lo. 

Kan ram tan chuan, kan tuar nasat theih dân turah- lirnghing insiamna hmun kan hnaih leh hnaih lovah a innghat thui hle. A nghawr chhuah theih- leimin hi kan tâna tawrhhlelhawm ber tur chu a ni ang. 

Social media lamah map chi hrang hrang, fault leh a kaihhnawih thlalak a darh chiam a. Hengte hi hriat sual theih tak a ni a, a nihna hriat fuh loh leh hrilhfiah sual avangin mi tam tak kan thlaphang niin a lang a, a pawi hle. Fault anga rin tam tak hi a hmunah a che ngei em, tih finfiah a ngai. Google earth behchhana duh lai lai, a ni awm ang lo rin ve ngawt pawh hi fimkhur ngai tak leh hriat ve tur tam tak awm thei a ni si a. Sorkar thuchhuah emaw, heti lam kawnga mithiamte thu ngaichâng thiam ila. Google-a kan hmuh theih tam takte hi a zirmi lo tan chuan han lehlin a, thu ziah ve ngawt pawh hi sim thei ila a duhawm khawp mai. 

Lirnghing hi a hlauhawm a, hlauh tur pawh a ni. Kan hlauh avangin thil han tih chiam tur erawh a awm chuang lo. In sak dan him leh ṭha, a sakna hmun him a pawimawh a. Kan tuar ve thei a ni tih inhre chungin, kan tih leh tih loh tur thuchhuah ṭhinte hi zawm i tum ang u. 

Bible-a kan hmuh angin, lir a la nghing zêl ang, kan tuar ṭhin aia na pawh a ni mahna, kan hre lo. Mahse, Pathian thu lovin chhiatna hi kan tâwk dâwn lo (Amos 3:6). Engti anga râpthlâk leh nasa tur nge tih rin thiam a har, lir a nghing a nghing mai pawh kan ti fo lo ang, tih a sawi lawk theih loh a. Engtik hun leh ni, darkarah nge, khawi hmunah tak nge tih pawh a hriat loh. Engtik hun pawha lo thleng tura ngaia kan fimkhur a, inring renga kan lo awm mai hi kan lo inbuatsaih dân tur chu a ni mai e!