INDIAN AIR FORCE IN MAHNI RAM SIAM JET FIGHTER A NEIH TLAI CHHAN

A ṬOBUL

Thlawhtheihna hmanga ral beihna kha Indopui 1-na tawp lama hman ṭan a lo nih khan, khawvelin ral beih nan a chungnung bikzia a lo hmu ṭan ta a. Hun lo kal zelah thlawhtheihna tihchangtlun lehzual tumin ram tam takin hma an la chho ta zel a. Heng ram zinga hma la chakzualte chu England, France leh Germany te an ni. Chutia thlawhtheihna lama hmasawnna hna thawh chhoh zel a nih khan an tum bulpui ber chu ral beihna tur kha a ni ber. Amaherawhchu, thiamna a lo san zel takah chuan an ram Air Force tihchangtlun piah lamah Aviation industry pawh a lo ṭhan phah ve ta zel a ni.

Indopui 2-na aṭang phei kha chuan thlawhtheihna leh a kaihhnawih industries te a ṭhang nasa hle a. A bikin ‘Industrialization’ lo buaipui nasa tawh ramte tan a nasa lehzual. Khatia European ramten industrialization an lo buaipui a, technology lama hmasawnna an neih chhoh zel takah chuan a hrin chhuahte zinga lian ber pakhat chu ‘ralthuam’ siam lama hmasawnna ani.

Europe ramte'n an colonize ramte ah khan industry kha an setup ngai lo a, anmahni rama industry tihhmasawn nan an colony ram aṭangte khan hmanrua mamawhte lain, an ram lamah an thawn ṭhin zawk a ni. Hei avang hian India pawh khan zalenna a hmuh hnuah chauh industrialization chu a hmelhriat a tih theih awm e. Tin, kan ram a zalen hnu pawh khan Pu Nehrua’n India tan khan ‘Techno-Economic’ aiin ‘Socio-Economic’ hmasawnna kalpui kha ṭha a tih zawk kha a ni a, a hunlai ngaihtuah chuan a dik lohna a awm lem lo ang. Kan ramin zalenna a hmuh hnu aṭanga a bul ṭan danah khan Industry lam hawi zawngin hmasawnna a kalpui loh avangin tun thleng pawha kan kal dan chu a la ni chho zel ta a ni. Hemi ina a chhawm tak chu mahni ram chhung ngeia awm hmanruate hmanga ralthuam siam lamah kan hnufual bik phah ta hle hi ani.

Industrialization kan hmelhriat tlai leh technology kan neih ṭhat loh piah lama thil pakhat min tikhawtlaitu chu kan ‘rilru puthmang’ (mindset) hi a tih theih ang. A nawlpui Indian rilruah hian a tiha tih (practical application) lama rilru sen aiin a thuphung (theory) lama rilru sen tam hi kan thil kalpui duh dan a la ni zel. Tehkhin nan, kan education system ah Political Science kan zir nasat viau laiin International Relations te chu kan hmelhriat mang leh miah lo thung te. Heng avangte hian mahni ngeia thil ‘design leh produce’ te hi kan tihturah kan ngai ta lo a ni ber.

Kum 1939 atang khan thlawhtheihna lamah khawvelin hmasawnna nasa tak a hmuh lai pawh khan India kha chuan ram dangte siamsa lei bak kha chu hemi kawngah hmasawnna a nei thei meuh lo. Thlawhtheihna siamna license neia India ram chhunga a siamchhuah tih lohah chuan eng dang vak hmasawnna a hmu lo. Chutah pawh a khawl lian tham leh parts pawimawh te chu ram dang aṭanga lei an ni vek tho.

HAL LEH IAF

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) hian a din kum 1940 aṭang khan a theih ang anga hma lo lain Indian Air Force (IAF) tan combat aircraft te a siamsak nual a, a ‘aero-engine’ te tak ngial pawh a repair-sak rualin, a chhungril takah chuan HAL hian a tih ber chu ‘licensed assembly’ leh ‘production’ a ni ber a, chu pawh ram danga an design-sa vekte anni. Heng thlawhtheihna design lai hian HAL te hi an telh ve ngai lo bawk.

Chutia thlawhtheihna siamchhuah theih nana thil pawimawh ber: a ‘design’ lama tawnhriat a neih hleihtheih tak loh avang chuan HAL chuan amaha hmalakna kawngah inrintawkna a lo nei lo ta zel a. HAL in IAF MiG-21 upgrade a tum pawh khan a tawpah chuan Russia a pun leh tho a nih kha, ama design ngei a ni chung pawh khan. Chumi inrintawk lohna avang chuan India in Russia chu sum tam tak ṭul lo deuhah a pek phah a nih kha.

Hemi kawngah hi chuan China chet duh dan chu a dang deuh a. 1990 bawr vel khan ‘Air Superiority Fighter’ Sukhoi Su-27 kha Russia ta a lei a, ṭhahnem tak kha ‘direct import’ a leiin, eng emaw zat chu an rama assemble leh manufacture turin contract an ziak a ni. Hun rei vak lo hnuah a advance zawk Sukhoi Su-30MK ho kha an lei leh a. Su-30 kha Su-27 two-seater trainer-ho nen khan danglamna lian tham an hmuh loh avang khan, an duh zawk Su-30 entawn khan anmahni fighter aircraft an siam a, a hmingah ‘J-11’ an vuah ta a, Su-27 an order kha a hnuah an cancel leh ta bawk. Hei hian Russia chu a tithinrim hle ani.

Mahnia thlawhtheihna siam theih nana thil pawimawh ber nia lang chu mahni irawm chhuak ngei ‘design’ leh ‘development’ kalpui theihnate a ni. Chumi hnuah ‘Production’ leh ‘Testing’ te chuan a chhunzawm leh tur a ni.

India hian hemi ‘Design & Development’ kawnga a hmalakna langsar ber chu kum 1979 vel khan Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) ‘Tejas’ ah hian a lo tilang tawh a. IAF hman nasat ber MiG-21 chu thlak theih beiseiin mahni siam ngei hman kha a lo tum ta a. MiG-21a a duhkhawp lohna awmte tihhmasawn nan LCA kha platform beiseiawm tak a lo chang ta a ni. Chu'ng duhkhawp lohna ṭhenkhatte chu a ‘Air intake’ kha a cockpit hma aṭang a sira vuah te, ‘Air Interception Radar’ ṭha zawk vuahte leh ‘Air Conditioning’ system vuah tel te an ni. MiG-21 hi IAF hmanna chinah ‘bird strike’ (take-off laia sava thlawk laia engine-in a hip luh palh) avangte hian thlawhtheihna leh mihring chânna a lo awm fo tawh a, hemi avang hian a air intake dahna sawn kha a ṭul hle a ni. Tin, IAF combat flying tam zawk hi ‘low level’ (500 ft aia hniam) ah a nih avang hian air conditioning kha thil pawimawh tak a ni bawk.

Beiseina sang tak nena hmalak a nih hnu rei lo teah chuan IAF tan zawi zawiin beisei tur a lo tlem ta zel a. A chhan bulpui berah chuan HAL chhungah hmalakna a ṭhat viau lai khan, HAL pawnah thuneitu mumal an lo awm tak loh vang leh ‘LCA project’ khan ngaih pawimawh a hlawh tawk loh vangte kha a ni. Hei hian kan tarlan tak mahni irawm chhuak thil siamchhuah chu hmachhawn dan kan la thiam lo hle tih a tichiang awm e.

TLACHAWP HMALAKNA

Khatia LCA project khingbai taka kalpui a ni ta kha, a ‘design’ leh ‘development’ lama hmalak thar nan kum 1984 bawr vel khan India sawrkarin a lo kalpui fo tawh ṭhin angin ngaituahna mumal awm lo, a tlachawpa hmalakna “ad-hoc” organization chu a lo din phah ta a. Chu organization chu Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) a ni a, Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO) hnuaia dah a lo ni ta a ni. Mumal lo taka din a nih avang chuan a thawktute pawh HAL aṭanga pawhpen chawp vek an ni bawk. Thuneitu an awm mumal tak loh avang chuan thlawhtheihna mamawh ber IAF tan chuan HAL emaw ADA te chu hma han lak chhunzawmpui dan vak pawh a lo awm ta lo a ni.

A hnuah chuan IAF mite pawh ADA-a thawk turin 'Deputation'-a koh ṭhin an ni hnuhnawh a, amaherawchu ADA hmalakna kha DRDO in a lo enfiah leh a, a production lamah HAL kha mawhphurtu a ni leh si a, inkungkaihna leh thawhhona ṭha kha a piang thei ngai lo a ni. Chumi piah lamah, deputation hun chhung kha kum 2-3 vel lek a nih avang khan hmalakna lian tham emaw hmalakna chhunzawmna kha a mumal thei ta lo zel a ni.

Khatih hunlai khan ADA tal kha IAF hnuaiah dah lo ni ta se, kan thlawhtheihna design kawnga hmalakna kha a chak phah viau ang. A ni lo berah pawh ADA kha HAL nen lo inzawm se hmalakna pawh kha a chak thawkhat viau tho ang. Kum tam tak ADA kha interim ad-hoc institution anga dah a ni kha India thil tihsual lian tak a ni, a tih theih ang.

Heta zawhna thupui ber tur nia lang chu: IAF, India rama thlawhtheihna mamawh berte kutah hian an mamawh thlawhtheihna design, development leh acquisition thuneihna an nei tur a ni zawk lo em ni? Hemi kawngah erawh chuan Indian Navy-te kalpui dan hi thil entawntlak tak a ni.

INDIAN NAVY KALPHUNG

British-ho hun lai aṭang tawh khan Royal Indian Navy kutah khan ‘design’, ‘development’ leh ‘integration’ thuneihnate kha lo pek tawh an ni. Britain hi hun rei tawh tak aṭang khan Navy lama chak tak a lo nih ṭhin avanga hetianga kalpuite pawh an ni mahna.

Hei avang hian tun thleng pawh hian Indian Naval HQ ah ‘Directorate of Naval Design’ leh ‘Controller of Warship Construction’ te an la neih phah zel a ni. Heng Directorate leh Controller te hi Navy a thuneihna sang ber Chief of Naval Staff hnuaia dah an ni nghe nghe. Chutia anmahni hman tur Indo-Lawng te ‘design’ leh ‘construction’ thuneihna an neih takah chuan an hmalaknate chu a chakin, a changtlung bik hle.

Design leh Construction kalphung changtlung tak nei Indian Navy chu Ministry of Defence(MoD) tan pawh support kha a lo chakawm a, India in zalenna a hmuh aṭang tawh khan MoD full support kha a lo nei reng tawh bik a ni.

Lawng design piah lamah ‘Weapons and Electronic System Engineering Establishment’ (WESEE) te pawh Naval HQ-in a enkawl a, hetah hian electronic leh information warfare beihna tur hmanruate siam a ni.

Design leh Construction piah lama thil pawimawh leh chu Indian Navy te mamawh missiles te ram dang aṭanga lei a, anmahni lawnga ‘integrate’ (thlunzawm) thei tura thuneihna an nei hi a ni. Heng lehzelte pawh hi Navy kuta dah a ni. An mamawh ang tak missiles te India-in a siam theih hma chu an duh ang lei thei tura phalna pek tel an ni.

Kum 1997 a Indian Naval Ship INS Delhi commission a nih khan khawvel ram hrang hrangten Indian Navy an zah phah hle a nih kha. Indian Navy chuan mahni inrintawkna sang tak a lo neih zel takah chuan khatih hunlai Defence Minister A.K Antony khan warship reng reng import a nih tawh dawn loh thute kha a lo sawi tawh a ni. Tunah pawh hian Navy lawng mamawh a zatve aia tam chu India-a siam vek an ni.

Aircraft Carrier INS Vikrant September ni 2 a commission a ni tate kha khawvel hmuh theiha Indian Navy-te ropuina tihlanna pawimawh tak a ni.

HMASAWNNA

Kum 40 hnuah IAF pawhin a lo nghahfak LCA ‘Tejas’ hmel chu a hmu chho ṭan ta a. A tira a lo order thlawhtheihna 123 aṭang 30 chu hman ṭan a ni tawh a. A hnu deuha tihchangtlun Tejas Mk-1A fighter 73 leh trainer 10 pawh February 2021 khan order belh a ni a. Kum 2024-2028 chhunga IAF hnena pek kim vek tum a ni. Tejas thar ber tur Tejas Mk-2 erawh DRDO leh ADA te ṭangkawpin tun aṭanga kum 2-3 chhungin an ‘first flight’ tur chu tihhlawhtlin tumin, a production chu 2030 vela ṭan tum a ni.

Tejas Mk-1 a avionics, fly-by-wire, composites leh technology dangte ṭhatna lo hmuh tawhte chu Tejas Mk-2 ah hian tihchangtlun lehzual tum a ni a. Hemi hi tihhlawhtlin a nih hnu chuan IAF in Squadron 6 (110-120) tal nei tura rin a ni.

- Wg Cdr HL Risanga