Mizoram ei leh bara kan him loh dan Kawng ṭhenkhat (zirchianna behchhanin)

Mizoram University, Geography Department a Professor Vishwambhar Prasad Sati leh Research Scholar Lalrinpuia Vangchhia te chuan Mizorama retheihna umbo turin Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) hnuaiah kum hnih chhung (kum 2014-2016) zirchianna kan nei a. Kan thil zirchhuah te hi khawvela lehkhabu chhuahtu rintlak ber zinga mi Springer, Switzerland chuan chhuah tlakah ngaiin a bu-in an rawn tichhuak a. A bu hming chu, ‘A Sustainable Livelihood Approach to Poverty Reduction, an Empirical Analysis of Mizoram, the Eastern Extension of the Himalaya’ a ni. He zirchianna aṭanga lo lang Mizoram ei leh bara kan him loh dan chungchang tlem azawng han thai lang ila a ṭha awm e.

Mizoram district tina khua pahnih ṭheuh (chhungkua 1727) uluk taka zirchian an ni a, Lengpui tih lohah chuan (Lengpui-ah hian 80 % chauh zirchian theih a ni) chhungkaw awm zawng zawng zirchian vek an ni a, chuvangin he zirchianna hi rintlak viau a ngaih a ni.

Zirchianna a kan hmuhchhuah te chu hetiang hi a ni:

1. Lo neia eizawng an tam ber a, (31.3 %) chutih lai chuan pawisa an lakluh chu 0.4 % chauh a ni thung. Sawrkar hnathawk hi mi zaa 6 chauh an nih laiin sum lakluh lamah 69.7 % lai an thawh thung a, hei hian lo leh huan siam hi kan hlawk pui lohzia a tilang chiang hle.

2. Mi pakhatin kum khata sum a lakluh dan zirchian a ni a, kum khat chhunga cheng 5000 aia tam la lut lo chhungkua hi 3.5 per cent lai an awm a, cheng 5000 aṭanga cheng 10000 (33.4 per cent), 10000 aṭanga 20000 (11.3 %) leh 20000 chin chunglam lalut chhungkhua 25.3 per cent an awm.

3. Mizorama sum kan hman tamna ber chu thuamhnaw (tlereuh, incheina chi hrang hrang leh inchhung bungrua) a ni. Kum khat chhunga kan sum hman zawng zawng zaa 29.2 chu hetiang lei nan hian kan hmang a, damlohna (14.4 %) leh chaw lam (buhfai leh chawhmeh dang) a kan senso hi 13.1% lai a ni bawk. Hei hian thawmhnaw/ bungrua leh chaw-ah pawisa kan seng nasa hle tih a tilang.

4. Boruak inthlak thleng chungchangah mi zaa 98.1 te hian boruak hi a lum telh telh an ti a, chung zinga 28.5 % te chuan boruak lum hi Mizoram tan a ṭha zawkin an hria a, a dang 41.2% te chuan a ṭha lo niin an hre thung; ngaihdan nei lo hi 28.2 % an ni. Boruak lum a ṭha titute hian an lo chhinchhiah danin boruak lum chho avang hian buh leh thlai, ran vulh an ṭha sawtin an sawi a, tun hma lama buh leh thei lam chi te rah ṭhat theih lohna hmunah te pawh tunah chuan a lo thar ṭha thei ta niin an sawi. Boruak lo lum chho ṭha lo titu lam ve thung chuan boruak lum avang hian thlai leh ranvulhten natna an vei a, an thi duh an ti thung. Heta ṭanga lang ta chu, boruak zo lam deuh entirnan Champhai district lam tan chuan boruak lum chho hi thlai tan leh ran vulhte tan a ṭha zawk a, chutih laiin khawthlang lam entirnan Kolasib lam tan erawh chuan boruak lum zel hian a ṭha lo zawngin nghawng a nei zawk a ni.

5. Buh leh bal tharchhuaha hma kan sawn theihna tura kan mamawhte zirchian a ni a, chhungkua 1527 zinga 25.5 per cent chuan tuilak ṭha tak an mamawh ber a, 24.2 per cent ten, thlai leh ran enkawlna damdawi leh enkawl dan mumal an mamawh ber a, sawrkar puihna mamawh ber hi 11.4 per cent an ni; mamawh ber pawh hre lo hi zaa 21.7 lai an awm. Ran vulh lamah ve thung chuan mi 28.2 per cent te chuan ran chaw chu an harsatna lian ber a nih thu an sawi a, ranchaw supply an mamawh ber a ni. Zaa 22.8 te chuan a enkawlna damdawi an mamawh ber thung a, sawrkar ṭanpuina mamawh ber hi zaa 8.7 an ni a, mamawh ber pawh hre lo hi zaa 19.5 an ni.

6. Ei leh bara kan intodelh dan leh state dangte tel lova kan him dan chin zirchian a ni a. Buh bikah hian chhungkua 1527 zinga chhungkua zaa pahnih (2.1%) chauh hi hralh chhuah khawp thar an awm a, kham khawp thar ve ṭawk ṭawk zaa 4.3 an awm; a dang zawng zaa 95.6 te chu mahni buh thar kham lo leh midanga innghat an ni. Vai buha innghat tawp hi 13.7 per cent an awm a, tlemte thar nei ve mah se vai buh ring deuh ber hi zaa 73.9 an ni a, mahni kham thar chu zaa 12.4 chauh an ni. Buhfai (mahni thar leh vai buh) neih khawl dan zirchian a ni bawk a, buhfai dahkhawl nei ngai meuh lo hi zaa 7.2 an awm a, kar khat ei khawp chang chang lei khawl ṭhin zaa 19.1, thla khat ei tur lei khawl ṭhin 53.4 per cent len thla nga chhung daih nei thei te 20.3 per cent an awm a ni. Heta ṭanga lang ta chu Mizoram chhungkua, thingtlang leh khawpui pawh kan chawpui ber buhah kan dinhmun a him lo hle tih hi a ni.

Buhfai lei tur awm lo thut ta se kar khat pawh buh ei tur nei lo kan tam hle a, chhungkua tlemte bak (12.4 % vel chauh) hi kan him a ni a, huaisen taka awm a har khawp ang le. Hei mai bakah hian buhfai supply (ration) hi regular taka dawng chu khaw 16 zingah hian khaw 11 chauh an ni a, khaw nga dang hi chuan buhfai leina tur nei pawh nise duh hun hunah lei tur an nei lo tihna a ni. Hemiin a entir chu Mizoram khua tam tak zaa 31 vel lai hian duh duh huna lei tur buhfai kan nei lo tihna a ni.

7. Buh bak, chawhmeh chi hrang hrangah pawh kan dinhmun a ṭha lo hle mai. Zirchianna aṭanga a lan danin, chhungkua zaa 90 lai hi midang thar leiah kan innghat tlat mai. A bik takin, kumtluana kan mamawh, alu, tomato, dailuah, sa chi hrang hrang, thei chi hrang hrang leh chawhmeh ṭawih har chi-ah hian state dang lakah kan innghat nasa zual a, mi zaa 10 te chuah hi mahni tharchhuah chauh pawha mahni chhungkaw mamawh phuhru thei kan awm a ni.

8. Mipui ngaihdan zirchianna aṭanga lolang kan mamawh zual deuh deuhte chu:

i) Buh leh bal hlawk zawka thar tur leh intodelha mahni kea ding thei turin thlai chi ṭha leh chin dan ṭha kan mamawh a, a thawktute kan taimak zual a ngai a, kan lo neih zau zawngte a tlahniam nasa a, hlawk zawka kan thar tal loh chuan chaw leh chawhmehah kan dnhmun a him lo tulh tulh dawn a ni.

ii) Sik leh sa lo danglam zel kan hmachhawn theih nan tui lak ṭha tak, kumtluana tui hninghnar taka min chawm thei kan mamawh.

iii) Thing leh mau kan neih te ṭangkai leh hlawk taka kan hman theih nan Forest Resource Based Industry, a lian kan theih loh pawn a te tal neih a ṭan kan lak zual hle a ngai.

iv) Thlai thar a bik takin a tui nei chi, theitui a siam theih chi sawngbawlna changtlung tak kan neih a ngai.

v) Sawrkarin a thawk tak tak peih, harsatna tawk mekte tun aia nasa zawka a ṭanpui a ngai a, kuthnathawktute sawrkar hnathawkte aia hausa leh him zawka siam turin hma a lak a ngai. Kan ram mipui tlemte, ziak leh chhiar thiam, lehkha erawh thiam lo tamna hmunah hian kuthnathawh hi hlawk zawka kalpui a nih loh chuan hnam dangho hian an thiamna hmangin leh an thil thar chhuah/ siamchhuah hmangin min la chimral mai ang tih a hlauhawm tak zet a ni.

Tuna kan han ziah lan khi he zirchianna aṭanga tlemte (5 % vel) chauh a ni a, chiang zawka hriat duh leh zir duh kan awm chuan a lehkhabu hi Geography Department, Mizoram University-ah hawh/ lei/ copy theih reng a ni.

- Vishwambhar Prasad Sati Professor

- Lalrinpuia Vangchhia Research Scholar Department of Geography, Mizoram University