INTODELH TURIN TLANGRAM LO NEIH TIH HMASAWN (Improve Jhum for self-sufficiency)

“Everything else can wait, but not Agriculture”

- Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

A chunga thusawi kan tarlan aṭang ringawt pawh hian, India ram Prime Minister hmasa berin agriculture pawimawhna a hriatzia kan hrethiam mai awm e. Hnam huaisen leh hnam chak ni tur chuan kan intodelh a ngai a ni. Kan ram Mizoramah hian kuthnathawha eizawn hi mipui zaa sawmnga aia tam kan la awm a (Mizoram Economic Survey 2019-2020), kan eizawn dan chi khat, tun thlenga kan pi leh pute hnen aṭanga kan la chhawm a awm a, chu chu, “Tlangram lo neih” - Jhum cultivation hi a ni. Hei hi kan culture-a bet tlat tawh a ni, khawvel awm chhung chuan Mizote hian kan thlah mai mai loh hmel hle, Mizoram hmun hrang hrang han zin kual hian tlangram lo neih hmanga eizawnna nei kan la tamzia a hriat a ni. A tichiangtu atan Mizoram Economic Survey (MES) 2019-2020 chuan tlangram lo neihna hmun hi a zau zawng 18,957 ha. niin tarlan a ni a, Mizoram a leilet zauzawng ve thung chu 17,265 ha. a ni. Leilet hmun aiin tlangram loneihna hmun a zau zawk tihna a ni.  A tharchhuah tam zawng (Productivity) erawh leilet hmunah a tam zawk. Kum khata vawi khat lo neihna hmun aia kum tina buh chinna leileta kan thar a tam zawk tlat hi, tlangram lo neih dan tihhmasawn a ngaihna lai tak pawh a ni.

MES 2019-2020 in a tarlan danin Agriculture & allied sector in Gross State Value Added (GSVA) a, a thawh chu 28.48% a ni a, heta aṭang hian buh chinna (Paddy cultivation- WRC & Jhum) in a thawh chu 20.43% a ni. Hengte tisang tur hian tlangram lo neiha kan eizawn dan hi tih hmasawn (improve) a ngai a ni. A chhan chu tun dinhmunah leilet hmun aiin a zau zawk a, kan culture-a bet tlat a nih avangin kan kalsan mai lo ang. Chuvangin ei leh barah kan intodelhna turin leilet lama insawrbing lutuk bik loin, tlangram lo neih tihhmasawn hi kan tihmâkmawh a ni. Tihhmasawn kan tih hian, a zau zawngte i zauh zel ang u, tihna lam a ni lo a, kan thlen chinah hian tunlai thiamna hmangin hlawk zawkin buh leh thlai thar tam i tum ang u tihna a ni.

Tunlai thiamna han tih chuan rilru a kap ta rûn mai, a choawm hle bawk. Hetiang tur hian tum kan neih a ṭha. Tlangram lo kan neihna hi, kum hnih emaw kum thum tal a hmun ngaia nei thei turin kan thlai chin dan leh kan leilungte sawngbawl danglam a, a ṭul a nih chuan fertilizer-te pawh kan hman a ngai ang. Hetiang ni loa kum tin kan lo neihna kan sawn reng chuan kan ramngawte hian rei min daih loh ang a, sik leh sa inthlakin a thlen (Climate change impact) tuarna pawl tak ram kan ni mai ang tih a hlauhawm a ni. Ram len rei zawng (Jhum cycle) hi nasa takin a tlahniam tawh a ni, a hmaa kum 20 bawr ni ṭhin kha tunah chuan kum 5-10 a ni tlangpui tawh a ni. Kan hriat reng tur chu, MES 2019-2020 in a tarlan danin kan ramin buhfai kan mamawh hi 1,80,000 MT a ni a, kan thar chhuah hi 59605 MT chauh a ni, chu chu 33.11% chauh a ni, a bang zawng 66.89% hi kan lakluh a ni a, kan lakluhna state Punjab, UP, MP, Haryana-te hi India rama fertilizer leh pesticides consumption sanna a ni tlat, chuvangin intodelh turin a ṭul a nih chuan a dose dik takin pesticides leh fertilizers te hi i hmang hreh lo ang u. Mizote hi kan thil hriatchian loh apiang hi hlauh mai kan ching ṭhin, chuvangin a dose dik takin kan thlaite i enkawl fo ang u.

Tlangram lo neih dan hmasawn tur hian thil pawimawh tam tak a awm ang, ngaih pawimawh zualte han tarlang ila:

1. Tui leh lei luangral tur ven - Hmun awih tak takah te lo kan nei ṭhin a, kan ramin ruahtui kan dawng nasa si a, tui leh leichunglang thil ṭawih tamna (Organic matter) a luangral nasa em em ṭhin a ni, hemi venna kawngah hian hmalak a ngai tak meuh a ni. Mizo pa hian tih ṭhin a nei, chu chu changkham a ni. Hemi bakah hian technology ṭha tak takte pawh a awm nual awm e. 

2. Awmze neia buh leh thlai chin - Tlangram lo neihah hian engkim kan chin pawlh vek mai a (mixed cropping), hei hian nasa takin lei a ei da ṭhin a ni. Buh hi chu kan ching ngei ngei a, hemi baka kan thlai chinte hi awmze nei zawk leh mumal zawka kan inchintir a ngai a ni. Lei tiṭha thei leh leiluangral tur veng thei thlaite kan chin uar a pawimawh a ni. Vietnam ramah chuan tlangramah terrace laiin hlawhtling takin buh an ching thei a ni. Kum khat chhunga kan ruahtui dawn tam dan ngaihtuahin, kan ram pawh hian kan thei ngei ang.

3. Kum khata vawi hnih thar tum, a hmun ngaiah - Tui leh lei luangral tur ṭha taka kan ven theih chuan fur hunah (Kharif) buh leh thlai tha taka kan thar bakah, a hmun ngaiah thlasik hunah (Rabi) thlasik thlaite a thar theih a ni. Kum 2019 khan Mualṭhuam South lo neihnaah hlawhtling takin hetiang hian neih tawh a ni.

4. Lei test uar - Karnataka state-ah chuan kuthnathawktu ten lei parameter 10 test nan Rs. 500/- an seng hreh lo, kan ramah chuan a thlawnin kan la test ṭhin. Lei test hian kan ram lei hrisel dan a entir a, tlangram lo neihna hmunah a kum hnihnaa a neih ngam dawn leh dawn lohte leh, lo nei ta ila, fertilizer mamawh zat turte a hriat theih ṭhin a ni. A dose dik thlapin fertilizer chi hrang hrangte hi i hmang ṭhin ang u.

5. Bio-fertilizers production - Kan ram leilung a hrik ṭangkaite tihpun a, tlangram lo neihna hmuna chhuah theih tura buatsaih a kawk ber. Heng hrik ṭangkaite hian kan ram bua tawhte a lo ti ṭha thar leh dawn a, leilungah thlai tana chaw ṭha a lo siam thar leh dawn a ni. 

6. Chul rih - A chunga kan tih theih niawm kan tarlante ṭha takin zawm thei ila, tlangram lo neihna hmunah hian kum 2 emaw kum 3 tal hi neih tum ila, a kum hnihna aṭangte'n MGNREGS lamte'n kut han thlak thei se la, duhthusam a ni ang. Hei hian ram ngaw chereu tur a ven bakah, buh leh thlai thar a tipung ngei ang.

Heng bakah hian techno­logy ṭha tak takte pawh a awm ang, kuthnathawktute tana zawm harsa si lo erawh kan zawn thiam a ngai a ni. Khawvel a ṭhang zel a, kan ram pawh kan harh chho zel a, hnam dangte ring lo a, ram leh hnam hausa, chak leh huaisen ni tur chuan ei leh barah kan intodelh phawt hi a ngai si a, chuvangin kan ramin theihna a nei nia ka hriat leh hmasawn kan ngaihna tur ni a ka hriat ka han tarlang a ni.