WHY EXOTIC?

 Thuhmahruai

Mizoram hi thlai engkim ṭhat duhna niin mi tam takin an sawi ṭhin a, a dik thui viau maithei, ṭha duh hauh lo pawh a awm ve ngei tho awm e. Ei leh bara kan intodelh theih dan tur hi kan sorkar hotute ngaihtuah ber leh vei ber a ni a, mipuite pawhin chumi tihlawhtling tura an hmathlir a zirin kan thlang tling ṭhin ni pawhin a lang. 

Hmalakna tur hrang hrang kan duan zingah hian kan rama awmsa hman ṭangkai lam ai chuan hmun danga mi chaw lut tur zawnga hmathlir hi a tam ber zel niin a lang bawk; a bikin thlai leh ran vulh/ khawi chi hoah hian a hluar zual. Heng hi a ṭha ber em? Kan hlawhtlin pui reng em? tih hian chhui zui leh ngaihven zui a hlawh lem lo viau bawk niin a lang. 

Exotic chu engnge?

Exotic tih hi ecology ṭawngkamah chuan mikhual sawina a ni a; tualṭo ni lo, hmun danga mi lak luh sawina a ni. Tualṭo ni lo, ramdanga mi lak luh hian a awmna tharah nghawng chi hrang hrang a neih theih avangin biodiversity leh ecology lama zirmite chuan an duh lo hle. Nghawng a neih dan erawh a inchen vek lo a, enkawl zawh loh khawp hiala nghawng nei thei te, nghawng na lutuk lem lo te pawh a awm bawk. 

Mizoramah hian into­delhna tur project lian tham a awm apianga langsar nghal êm êm zel chu ramdang a mi - thlai, thing leh thei chi lak luh hi a ni a. Khawii ramah emaw an hlawhtlinpuizia thu leh a man a tozia te, miin an duhzia te, a ṭhat duhzia te hi nasa takin an tlangaupui ṭhin a. Ei leh bara kan intodelh theihna tur kawng awlsam ber niin kan ngai tlangpui zel bawk. Kawng awlsam hi kan zawng lutuk zawk a ni mai ang em? 

Hybrid species emaw tissue culture hmanga siam an nih vang emaw hian kan ngaisang viau zel a, Mizorama tualṭo te ai hian kan dah sang a, hlawhtlin pui theih zawkah kan ngai niin a lang. Chumi piah lamah chuan a chi leh a ṭiak supply te pawh hi a hlawk viau maithei bawk! 

Exotic species tena Mizoram Agro-ecosystem a nghawng theih dan te hi chu kan hotute hian an ngaihtuah thleng vek turah ngai ila. Tin, thlai chi kan lakluh te hi Mizoram sik leh sa, leilung mil tura duan a ni em? tih te pawh hi kan hotute hian an ngaihtuah thleng vek turah ngai bawk ang. Ram danga a ṭhat duh avangin kan ramah a tha duh ve kher ang em? tih te pawh an enchhin hmasa vek turah ngai ila. 

International market-a a man te pawh an chhut hmasain an zir chiang vek bawkah ngai ila. Chumi market-a pho chhuah theih dan tur te nen lam an ngaihtuah vek turah ngai ang. 

Exotic species leh a mi­khualna ram Exotic species te hian an awmna thar hi an ngeih vek kher lo a, an ṭha tak tak vek kher lo. A ṭhan a muang a, rah seng tur mumal a awm lo fo. Hetiang hi a tuartu ber chu a enkawltu, huan neitute an ni ṭhin. A hralhna kawng a bo em avanga mipuite tawrhna leh beidawnna thlentu tam zawk pawh hi exotic species te bawk hi a ni. Hralhna awmsa tura ngaih tam tak hi kan chin pun veleh hian beisei aiin a hralhna lam hi a kawngbo leh riau ṭhin niin a lang. 

Kan zirchiang tawk lo nge ni ang a, kan chin pun chhungin an lo duh leh lo thut? ṭhenkhat ve thung erawh chuan an ngeih leh lutuk a, hnim leh thlai tualṭo, sa leh sangha awm sa te pawh tibuai vek khawpin an pung chak thung. Chutiang chu Mizoramah pawh hmuh tur a awm nual mai - Japan hlo, Shillong Tlangsam (Lantana camara - Shillong par, Par arsi, Lalmawia hling par ti tein an sawi bawk) leh Bihar hlo/ Hlo thar (Ageratina spp) te hi a hnawksak langsar zual a ni awm e. 

Palak dila sangha awm sa te aia ṭha zawka an ngaih avanga sangha chi khat, khawvel pawhin top 100 invasive alien-species a a puan hial, Tilapia avangin sangha chi awmsa te a mang ti tih ta der mai. 

Kan Mizo pangpar, Mizo chanchin leh thawnthu a hmun pawimawh tak luahtu te chu hmuh tur a vang tawh hle. 

Pathian thil siam dan hi a ropuiin a mak a, a ruahmanna hi a felfai khawp mai. Thil nung chitin tan ramri a kham, an awmna tur chin te, an awm lohna tur chin te fel takin a duang a, mihringte hian chu ramri chu kan zah thiam a pawimawh tak zet a ni. Sik leh sa, leilung awm dante hi Pathianin thilnungte tana ramri a kham chu a ni a. Leilung, sik leh sa leh thlai ṭote hi a inkungkaih tlat a, thing leh thlai ṭo azirin nungcha chi hrang hrang a awm ve leh ṭhin. Mizo upa te chuan lo atan pawh rampui chang ṭha an duh deuh kher ṭhin a, a lei a ṭhat vang a ni. Lei a ṭhatna chhan kha thing hnah leh ṭang leh a zar tla, ṭawih ralin leiṭha a siam vang a ni a, chu chu ecology ṭawngkamah chuan nutrient cycle an ti a, he cycle hmang hian thlai hian an awmna hmun a colonized ṭhin. Chu hmanrua tho chu exotic species kan tihte pawh hian rawn hmang vein thlai leh thing awmsate a dip ral mai ṭhin. Chu chuan leiṭha siamtu soil microbe te, ramsa leh nungcha dang thlengin a nghawng ṭhin.

Mizorama Exotic Species lar zualte

Tun ṭumah chuan ram dang thing leh thlai, rua leh mau tam tak zingah thingchang thlai, thlai kumhlun leh rua leh mau, Sorkar Policy hrang hrangte avanga kan châwkluhte kan thlur bik ang.

Eucalyptus:

Ecucalyptus spp. hi Mizo chuan “Nawhalh thing” tiin kan sawi mai ṭhin a. India rama Commercial Agroforestry plantation-ah chuan an hlawhtlinpui ber pakhat a ni.

Amaherawhchu tuihna (Water table) a tihbuai nasat avangin state tam zawkah chuan an ma leh thuai a, hmun tlem teah chauh chin chhunzawm a ni. Mizoramah pawh 1976-77 hnu lam khan uar taka chin a ni a, amaherawhchu hlawhtling taka enkawl erawh a tam lo niin a lang. Kung lianpui pui erawh khawi khawiah emaw hmuh tur a la awm nual.

Teak: 

Tun hma chuan Teak (Tectona grandis) hi Forest Department plantation-ah chin a ni ber ṭhin a, mimal huanah chuan phun a ni meuh lo. Kum 1985 - 87 chho aṭangin Sorkar policy (Land Use Policy) avangin mimal tan pawh Teak huan neih a lo theih ta a, Mizorama plantation lian leh tam ber hi Teak plantation a lo ni ta a ni. Mizo pa titi-ah chuan Teak huanah ramsa an tla duh lo, a kungah eng sava mah an fu duh lo tih a ni ṭhin. Hei hi a chhan ber nia lang chu Teak rah leh hnahte hi nungchate tana chhenfakawm a awm loh vang niin a lang. Tin, Teak hian bawmtu hrik chi hnih a nei nain chung hrik (Defoliator leh Skeletoniser) te chu Mizoramah hian a la awm mumal loh avangin a eitu tur sava pawh a la awm lo niin a lang. 

Chutihrual erawh chuan Teak zara sava fu hi hmuh tur a awm fo mai. Teak-in leilung a nghawng dan hi kan ram tana a ṭhat lohna lian ber chu a ni zawk awm e. 

Tung:

Tung (Aleurites fordii) hi NLUP hnuaiah kum 1991 hnu lam aṭang­in nasa taka chin a ni a, a hriak hralhna tha tak awm nia sawi a ni. Kum 2018-a Mizorama Tung plantation chungchang zawt chiang tura a buaipuitu Department lama ka kal chuan a project zawhna a rei tawh avangin data min pek tur an neih loh thuin min lo chhang a. A hlawhtling lo hle tihna ni berin a lang.

Jatropha:

Kang damdawi (Jatropha curcas) buaipuina tur hian Mizoram Sorkar leh Godrej Company-te chuan Crore 250 zet senna tur inremna an siam a, Mizoram Intodelhna Project (MIP) kaltlanga thawh tur a ni. A hunlai chuan khawi khawiah emaw hmuh tur a awm a, tunah erawh a vang leh ta viau mai. Bio-diesel siamchhuahna tham kan thar ta lo nge, a hnu leha sorkarte'n an ngaihsak zui lo?

Red Oil Palm:

Oil Palm tia kan hriat lar, Red Oil Palm hi kum 2005 atanga buaipui ṭan a ni a. Mizorama Sorkarna fung chelhtu hmasa hmalakna, ministry tharin tihtak­zeta a chhawm nun awmchhun a ni mai awm e. Ministry pahnih ngawtin an buaipui a ni bawk a, a chingtu an tamin company pathum ngawtin min ṭhutchilh ren rawn a. A chingtute tan hamṭhatna leh ṭanpuina hrang hrang an pe nasa bawk a, khaw tin deuhthawah oil palm hmun hmuh tur a awm. Kum­in chhoah erawh a kung an kit a, a hmun an ṭhiat leh tan ta! Hmun ṭhenkhatah phei chuan JCB-te hial ruaiin a zung nen lama phoro turin an pawt phawi leh ta. A chi an sem tirha hralhna tur an hriatte khan an duh leh ta lo nge, Mizoramin kan thar hi a quality a hniam fal deuh? Nge nia kan tharchhuahna leh phurhchhuahna man a san avang­in a hriak man a to phah a, hralhna turah kan hnáwng? Zawhna a tam thei khawp mai. Environment tana a ṭhat tawk loh dan leh tuihna eikangtu a nih dan te pawh ziak a tam hle chunga buaipui kan nih erawh hre reng ila.

Raw chi hrang hrang:

Mautâm chhawmdawlna BAFFACOS sum hmangin raw chi hrang hrang Mizoramah lakluh a ni a, 2010 thleng khan chi 11 zet lakluh a ni. Chu’ng zingah chuan Bambusa bambos an tih, Mizoin “Rawhling” tia kan lo vuah ve tak, mi ṭhenkhatte'n kan ram hruaitu hming chawia a hming an lo vuah ve bawk hi a lar berte zinga mi a ni awm e. Heng bakah hian Maudâng (Schizostachyum pergacile), Moso (Phyllostachys edulis), Bambusa balcooa, B. vulgaris vittata, B. vulgaris waminii, B. multiplex, Dendrocalamus asper, D. giganteus (Vai-rawpui), D. latiflorus leh P mannii te hi mumal taka chhin­chhiah chin an ni. Kum 2010-a NBM hnuaia plantation kan endikna hmun hrang hrangah Vairam aṭanga lakluh Rawthing leh Phulrua ṭiak an dawn nasat thu an lo sawi bawk.

Heng Sorkar Policy hrang hrang avanga ram dang thing leh mau/rua leh kan lakluhte hi uluk takin chhut ta ila, a hlawhtlinna hmuh tur a tam lo hle a, Policy an kalpui tirha an hmathlir ang kha ni se chuan, raltiang ram kan thlen loh vék pawhin kan hmu pha vuai vuai tawhin a rinawm. Mipui thiam loh tam tak a awm ang a, Department lam tihfuh tawk loh pawh tam tak a awm ang. Thil pakhat chiang êm êm mai erawh chu heng ram dang thing leh mau kan lakluhte hian Mizoram hi a ngeih teh chiam lo tih hi a ni.

Tunah hian raw chi hnih kan buaipui leh ṭan mek a, chung zinga pakhat zawk (D. latiflorus) phei chu BAFFACOS hunlaia Mizoram lakluh tawh a ni a, a chi dang - D. brandisii erawh Mizorama a luh hun chhinchhiah fel a awm lo thung. Heng raw chi hnih, a tualṭona hmuna ṭha tak tak maite hian Mizoram an ngeih ang em? Tih hi sawi lâwk thiam a harsa hle mai a, chutiang bawkin eng tiangin nge an mikhualna ram hi a nghawng ang? Tih hi ngaihruat thiam harsa tak a ni bawk. Tin, a tualṭona rama an hman dan leh an sawngbawl dan ngaihtuah hian khawvel ram danga hralh tla tak ni tura sawngbawl chiam chi a ni ang em? Tih hriatthiam a har viau bawk. A hralh­na tur awmsa thlap, leh a hlawkzia hresa chunga kan chin, kan hlawhchhampui takte en chuan a hmanna tur leh a hralhna tur pawh kan la hriat loh han phurpui viau hi chu thil harsa tak a ni a, lo helh viau pawh hi a awm hle. Mau leh raw kaihhnawih industry liante'na an hman ṭangkai leh an duh zinga tel lo, India rama mau chin pun tura an thlan zingah pawha tel bawk si lo an ni ve ve hi ngaihngam taka hmalak tihartu a ni a. India ram state dangte'n an uar vak loh, Sorkar laipui pawhin a la ngaihven loh chi hnih hi kan risk fuh hlauh erawh chuan midang­te tihhmuhtu kan ni thei ngeiin a rinawm. Heng Raw chi hnih bihchianna hi July 23, 2019 khan Vanglaini-ah tihchhuah tawh a ni a, kan sawi chhunzawm tawh lovang.

Tlangkawmna

Mizoram thilte ngaisang tura kan infuih a, Mizo ṭawng ngei pawh Kohhran meuhin hmang uar tura hma a lak mup mup laia Exotic species - ram dang thlai kan la ngaisang zawk a, chumi zara dinchhuah theih kan la inbeisei tlat leh intodelh theihna tur Policy-in chu mi lam hlir a la hawi zel mai hi a lungchhiatthlak tak zet a ni. Kan rama awmsa, kan ram sik leh sa leh leilung ngeihsate tharhlawk zawka tharchhuah dante, man man zawka hralhchhuah theih dante ngaihtuah lova a bul aṭanga engkim zir thar a, buaipui chawp a, bul ṭan ṭhat ngai thing leh thlai kan phurpuia kan ngaisang zawk tlat zel hi siamtu zah lohna lian tak, mahni ram leh hnam ngaihnêpnate pawh a ni hialin ka ring. Why Exotic?