ALL INDIA SERVICES AN TIH BIK KHER CHU!

Khawvelah hian ram hrang leh hnam hrang hrang hian inawp dan leh ram rorelna kalphung kan nei hrang thluah a. Khawvel hun hmasa lamah chuan Lal leh khawnbawl upa-ten, an duh dan leh ṭha an tih angin an mi leh sate an awp mai a. Kalphung inang diak diak a vang hle awm e.

Hun inher danglam zelah ram inawpna leh kalphung a danglam hret hret a, tunlaia kan hman leh hmelhriat lar tak - mipui rorelna (modern democracy) hi a lo chhuak ta a. Kumpinu lal ram rawn indin chhoh zel dan aṭang hian khawvela sorkar hrang hrangte hian zirlai rawn zir chhoin, mahni ram inawp dan leh rorelna kalpui dan hi an seng lut tam hle a ni.

India ram ngei pawh Kumpinu (British) awpna hnuaiah kum za aia rei a awm a. Kum 1857 aṭangin India mipuite chuan zalenna an sual tana ngaih niin, ni 15 August, 1947-ah daih zalenna chu a lo nei ve ta a. Ram dang, hnam dangte chu sipai chakna hmanga an hneh hnuah an awp zui zel avangin ‘ram ni tla seng lova roreltu’ tih hial khawpin kumpinu lal ram chu a lo zau ta em em a ni.

Hetianga khawvel ram hrang hrang leh hnam hrang hrang te, Kumpinu sorkarin hneh tak leh fel taka a awp khawm reng theihna chhan ber pakhat chu, an roreltute fin chhuahtu leh an rorelte fel tak leh ṭha taka hlenchhuah kawnga ṭanpui­tu, mi rinawm leh mi thiam bik, sorkar kut leh ke, innghahna tlak ni tura chher chhuah leh buatsaih bik Sorkar hnathawk (Civil Servants) a nei kha a ni deuh ber mai. Chung mite chu sorkar ṭawngkam takin 'Imperial Civil Service' tih an ni a, Indian Civil Service (ICS) tia hmanlar an ni. Heng mite hi competitive examination hmanga zawn chhuah niin, Government of India Act, 1858, section 32 hmanga ruatte an ni.

A tirah chuan Sap ho tan chauh a nih theih a, a hnuah India mi, lehkha thiam tak takte tan pawha nih ve theih tura siam niin, kum 1922-ah phei chuan India ram chhung aṭang ngeia competitive examination hi hmachhawn ve theih turin exam centre pawh siam a ni ve ta hial a ni.

British-in India a awp chhung zawng khan ICS te hi ṭangkai taka hman niin, sorkar kut leh ke berte an ni. Government of India Act, 1919 leh 1935 te khan a rawn siam phuisui chho zel bawk a. India ramin zalenna a neih huna hman tur, ram danpui (Constitution) buatsaih a nih lai pawhin Indian Civil Service (ICS) kalphung leh ruangam te, he service mi leh sate chungchang hi danpui duangtu pawl – Constituent Assembly-ah pawh khan nasa takin an chai ho hial a. India ramin zalenna a hmuh hma lawk a, ram chhunga buaina leh harsatna chi hrang hrangte chinfelna kawnga ICS te finna leh remhriatna chu sorkar hlawhtlinna bul pakhat a ni tih chu Constituent Assembly member tam takin an hria a ni.

Ram zau tak chhunga chi leh hnam hrang hrang, sakhaw hrang hrang zuitute inawp khawm theih dan tur leh zai khata an luanza theihna tur chuan British Sorkar-in India ram a awp dan kalphunga pawimawh tak, Indian Civil Service (ICS) kalphung chu chhawm zui duhna a lo lian ta hle a ni.

Constituent Assembly-ah chuan British-in India ram a enkawl dan anga sorkar kalphung chhawm zui duhlohna karah, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (India zalen hnua Home Minister hmasa ber ni ta) chuan ICS kalphung zulzuia ‘All India Services’ siam ngei chu thil pawimawh leh ramin a mamawh nghal a nih thu, ṭhahnemngai takin a sawi chhuak a. Hetiang kalphung (all India Service) hi a awm lo a nih chuan Union of India hi a kehdarh nghal ang a, ram bung hrang hrangah rorelna fel lo avanga buai nuaih nuaih tur bak ka hmu lawk thiam ve lo, a ti hial a ni.

India ram chu ram pahnih – India leh Pakistan-ah inṭhen darh mah se, India ram chu ram bung hrang hrang leh princely state zanga chuang inzawm khawm (Union of India) an nih dawn avanga ram rorelna leh inawpna ṭha te, kalphung fel leh ram inpumkhatna chu vawn him tlat a nih theihna turin, mi thiam leh remhria – ICS te ang mamawhna chu a sang nghal em em a ni. Indian Civil Service system zulzuia Indian Administrative Service leh Imperial Police Service kalphung zuia Indian Police Service siam tura rel a ni ta a.

India ram chu ram zau tak, 32,87,263 sq. km laia zau niin, khawvelah a ram len zawng hi pasarihna a ni a, mihring pawh vaibelchhe za chuang awmna leh hnam hrang sanghnih chuang awmna ram niin, sakhaw hrang hrang zuitute awm khawmna ram, ṭawng chi hrang hrang hmangtute an nih bawk avangin, hmun khat aṭanga a ram pumpui, sorkar (government) pakhat hmanga awp khawm chi a ni dawn lo tih a chiang a. Ram bung hrang hrang leh hnam hrang hrangte chu anmahni nunzia nena inmil a, an inrelbawl ve theih nana thuneihna engemaw chen an neih ve lova, hnam lian leh chak zawkte awpna hnuaia kun ngawt chu an lungawi thei dawn bawk si loh avangin thuneihna leh thiltihtheihna (powers) chu semzai a lo ngai ta a ni.

Mahnia thuneihna neia an inawp hran fir fer chuan, ram pakhat (union) an nihna anga hma an sawnna chu a kairual lo zung dawn bawk si. Hmuh khat aṭanga thuneihna sang tak neia khaikhawm ngai tur a nih bawk si avangin quasi-federal system chu hman a lo ngai ta a ni.

India ram chu ram bung hrang hrangte’n mahnia thu neih theihna (powers) leh inawp ve theihna kalphung – federal system leh ram pakhat, hmun khat aṭanga rorelna leh inawpna ken kawhna ram kalphung – unitary system chu lak kawp a lo ni ta a. India ram chu Sorkar (government) chi hnih – Union Government leh State Government-te’n an inawp sem ta a. Thuneihna pawh heng sorkar pahnihah hian fel taka an chanvo tur then hran a lo ni ta a ni. Sorkar chi hnih, level pahnih aṭanga inawpna ram a nih avangin sorkar chi hnihte thuneihna a insut buai lohna turin an chanpual tur pawh Union lists-ah leh state lists-ah te thenhran niin, an intawm theih tur, concurrent list siam a ni bawk.

Union government chuan ram inrelbawlna leh inawpna atana chanvo pawimawh zawng zawng deuh thaw chu chang vekin item 96 lai a ni a. State government chuan item 61-ah chanvo bik a nei a; inṭawm item chu 52 a ni. An chanvo neih aṭang ringawt pawh hian Union government chuan thuneihna a nei sang fal hle a. Ramin a mamawh ang zelin state sorkar chanvo-ah pawh inrawlh theihna chen a la nei a. Residuary power an tih mai, item tarlan zinga tel lo eng pawh a awm a nih chuan, Union government thuneihna hnuaiah dah a la ni cheu bawk.

Sorkar pakhat hmanga ram pumpui inawpna ram ang maiin, Sorkar lian leh chak fal bik, thuneihna pawh nei sang em em bik a awm a, ram bung ṭhen hrang hrangte’n thuneihna sang lutuk lo leh tam lem lo tak hmanga a hranga an lo inrelbawl ve theihna ram a ni.

Ram leilung hausakna leh hmasawnna tur atana thil pawimawh zawng zawng chu State Sorkar ram chhungah vek a awm a. Ram chhung ei leh bar thawk chhuaktu pawh state sorkar an nih laiin, an thawh chhuaha chungah thuneihna pumhlum an nei lem lo. India ram chhunga ram bung hrang hrangte thawh chhuah leh leilung hausakna neih/ kawl chin a inan loh avangin state hausa leh rethei an awm hrang thluah a. Ram pum anga hmasawnna leh inrelbawl dan a kairual theihna turin state sorkar aia thuneihna sang zawk neiin, Union government siam a ni ta a. Sorkar chi hnih thawh dunna hmanga ram inrelbawlna kalpui (co-operative federalism) chu a tum lian ber pakhat a ni.

Heng Sorkar chi hnih – Union leh State Sorkar-ahte hian inrelbawl dan leh inawp dan kalphung fel tak a awm theihna tur atan chuan Civil Service mumal tak leh fel tak a awm a ngai a. Chutiang atan chuan Union leh State Sorkar-a civil administration-a dinhmun pawimawh leh sangte chu mi thiam leh rintlak-te’n an chelh a lo ngai ta a. Union government tan bika thawk turin ‘Central Services’ tia lak an awm ang bawkin, State government hnuaia thawk tur - State Civil Service tia State tinin anmahni ta bil tura an lak an awm ve leh bawk. Union leh State inkawp chu ‘All India’ chu a ni ta mai a. All India chhungah chuan Sorkar chi hnih – Union/ Central Govt. leh State Govt. a awm a, chuta thawk thei ve ve chu All India Services an tih chu an ni.

Sorkar pahnih hnuaia sorkar hna pawimawh leh mawhphurhna sang bik chelh turin service hrang hlak, ‘All India Services’ an tih chu ram danpui Article 312-nain Parliament hnena thuneihna a pek angin siam a lo ni ta bik a. All India Services Act, 1951 chu a lo piang ta a. All India Services Act, 1951 chuan Indian Administrative Service (IAS) leh Indian Police Service (IPS) te chauh hi All India Services (AIS) a tihte chu an ni a. Kum 1966-ah All India Services Act, 1951 tlawh chhanin Indian Forest Service (IFS) chu All India Services-ah dah a ni ve leh ta bawk.

All India Services-te chuan Service Rules chi hrang hrang pawh Sorkar hnathawk dangte hman ang ni lo, rules hrang daih neiin an hmang bik a ni. Central Services ho chu Union/ Central Government hnuaia mi bik an ni a, State Sorkar hnuaia thawk tura lak a ni ve lem lo.

All India Services ho chu Union Public Service Commission kaltlanga Central Sorkar-in Central leh State Sorkar-a thawk tura a lakte niin, an hnathawhna/ awmna ‘cadre’ pek vek an ni. India rama State zawng zawng leh Union Territories-te hian Cadre bik an nei deuh vek a. Joint Cadre pahnih a la awm a, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Mizoram & Union Territories (AGMUT) leh Assam & Meghalaya te an ni. A dang zawngte chuan mahni state bil-in cadre an nei. Union Govt., hian a hranpain cadre a nei ve lo thung. Cadre tinin Central Deputation Reserve posts an neih aṭangin Union Govt.-ah All India Services-te hi an lut/ thawk ṭhin a ni.
Kum 2017 aṭanga khan cadre allocation policy thar lo chhuakin, Cadre zawng zawngte chu Zone chi hrang panga-ah khung khawm vek an ni ta rih a. Hetianga tih a nihna chhan zinga pawimawh ber pakhat chu, All India Services ho hmanga India ram inpumkhatna ṭha lehzual a awm theih nan a ni. Zone chi nga-a ṭhen a nih dan chu:

Zones State Cadres
Zone-I AGMUT, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana
Zone-II Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha
Zone-III Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh
Zone-IV West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura
Zone-V Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala

Hetianga zone nga-a ṭhen a nih bakah, cadre tinah hian state chhung mi (insiders) leh state pawn lam mi (outsiders) te in awm pawlh dan tur atan 1:2 ratio hman a ni ta rih bawk a. State/ UT te hian All India Service-a tling thar zing aṭangin mahni State mi leh sa 1 bakah mahni State pawnlam mi 2 ang dungzui zelin pek thin a dawn tihna a ni. Hei hian inlak bingna leh inlak hranna aia ‘inpumkhatna’ chawm nun zel a tumna a tilang hle awm e.

India ram pumpuia Sorkar kalphung leh inrelbawl dan inang tlang (Uniform administration) a awm theih nan te, ram inpumkhatna chak leh ṭha a awm theih nan te, ram hmasawnna dik leh tlo a awm theih nan te, thutlukna dik leh fel a awm theih nan te All India Services-te hi kut leh ke bera hman niin, India Sorkar innghahna ‘ban-pui’ an ni a. Rintlak leh hmantlak ni tura a bik taka zirtir leh chher hriam bikte an ni.
Union/ Central government-a head of department/ ministries 91 zinga 71 chu Indian Administrative Service (IAS) te an ni. State leh UT zawng zawnga higher post tam tak chu All India Services te chauhin an chelh tura dah bik (encadred) a ni bawk.

All India Service mi leh sate chunga thuneitu (controlling authority) hi an hrang thluah a. AGMUT Cadre-a Indian Adminstrative Service (IAS) leh Indian Police Service te controlling authority chu Union Home Ministry a ni. AGMUT Cadre, IAS ni lo zawng zawng tan chuan, Department of Personal & Training (DoPT) a ni a. Indian Forest Service (IFS) chu Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change a ni ve thung.

- Lcm Chuaungo