CHANGDAWLAH BUHBAL LEH THLAI CHING TAWH ZAWK ANG U

17th July, 2020

Zoram Kohhran liante hial pawhin Mizo ṭawng uar ṭul an ti a; chumi thlawp chuan Sap ṭawnga Terrace tih leh Vai ṭawnga Jhum an tih hi Mizo ṭawngin he article-ah hian kan sawi dawn a ni. Terrace tih chu changdawl kan ti ang a, Jhum/thingtlang lo tia sawi ṭhin chu Tuklawr lo (silai mal tia thluk) in kan sawi thung ang.

Kan ram hi tlangram, tlang lian lo tak leh tlang hriam - chungzawl nei mang lo te te, luikawr thuk tak takina a kar cheh awmkhawmna a ni tih kan hre ṭheuh awm e. A sik leh sa leh ruah tui thlai tan a ṭha a, lei a thawlin a min duh hle na a; buh leh bal leh thlai chitin reng tan a ṭha thawkhat hle a ni. Tukloh ram thar vat a, tukláwr lo (silai mal tia thluk) atana kum eng emaw zat an neih kual hma kha chuan buhbal leh thlai a puitlingin a thar hlawk em em ṭhin a ni. Amaherawhchu, kum kha zozai ramngaw thing leh mau vât a, a ro hunlai bera lei chung lang sen huam khawpa chappui kang chuan a han rawh meuh chuan, hnip thuih khawpa kang nain lei chunglang hang ṭha kan sawisa a. Ṭo ruah aṭanga furpui tuihawkte chuan kir leh ngai tawh lo turin leichung lang kang hnip suah mai te chu a len bo duak duak kumtin mai ṭhin a ni. Hetiang avang hian kan ram leichung hang ṭha a lo pan ta. Hemi avang hian thlai eiral ni lovin, kan sawisak dan zir loh avang zawkin lei chunglang hang ṭha (fertile soil) matric tonne tam tak kan chán kumtin mai thin a ni.

Ram leilung kan sawisak dan zir loh vanga ram phul lo chang ta mai pakhat lo sawi ta ila. Phawngpui tlang leh a bul ṭhut ramte saw khawih buai loh ngawpui a ni ṭhin. Kum 1990 vel hnu lam maiah khan Alu hmun atan a tlak chhawng bul ṭhutte chu lo atan an ṭheh ta a. Zothing ngawpui ṭhiata thlawhhma atana han neih chu Alu chuan a ngeih hle mai a. Lungpher khua leh a chhehvel, ngawpui ṭhiata Alu chingte chuan an chin kum kha chuan an thar hlawk hle a ni. Hmun dang aṭanga Siaha khawpuia Alu lakluh khap hial ngaiin an thar hnemin an hlawkpui hle a ni. Amaherawhchu, Ngawpui thiat chereua kum khat intodelhna khan, vawiin thlenga ramphûlah siamin, ramngaw leh a hnuaia nungchate tichhiain ram hmantlak lovah kan siam zo ta a ni. Hetiang deuh hi tuklawr lo neih ina kan ram a nghawng chhiat dan a ni.

Khawvel ram hrang hranga tlangrama chengte changkan dan a inang vek lo. Amawl apiangin buh leh bal tharna leilung renawmzia an hre lo. Chhuan mang rorel ang hrima a awlsam dan apianga ram hmul leh a kengtu leilung suasam ṭhin an awm a, chu mite zinga pakhat chu Mizote kan ni hial awm e! Tlang rama cheng fing pawl erawh chuan lei tha ral lo thei ang ber leh khua rel thing leh mau leh a chhunga chengte tibuai lo thei ang ber turin buh leh bal thar an tum ṭhin a ni. South America khawmualpuia Inca lalram (Inca Empire) kum 1438-a lo ding chhuak chuan, kan ram ang bawka tlangrama cheng ni mah se, tlangpang awih tak taka an thlai tharna changdawl te chu vawiin thlenga hmuh theihin a la awm a ni. Keini ang bawka tlangrama cheng; Sikkim-ah te, Ralleng ram leh India ram hmun hrang hrangahte chuan buhbal leh thlai thar nan changdawl lo an hmang uar hle a ni.

Heng changdawl hmanga thlai thar chungchang ka han sawi duah nachhan chu: Mizoram hi tlangram chhengchhia ni mah se, hei lo ram dangah ram kan nei lo. Chutihlaiin, buhbal leh thlai tharna atan remchang lo mah se, ram dang kan neih loh vangin buhbal leh thlai kan ching lo thei lova; amaherawhchu, ram ren thei ang ber leh a tlo thei ang ber a ram leilung hman chu a chengate mawhphurhna a ni. Pathianin ram min pek hi kan hmang reng dawn; rem hre tak leh ren taka ram leilung hman hi a ṭul tak meuh a ni. A luah tute azirin ram chu an hmang ṭhain hma a sawn ṭhin. Kan ram ang hmunhmai (topograpghy) âwih si, ram chhengchhia, ruahtui tamna ram hi tuklawr lo neia kan kalpui zel chuan kum zabi khat vel lekah ram hman tlak loh ram chhiaah kan chantir mai a hlauhawm a ni.

Ei leh bara kan rinpui ber heng buhte, vaimimte, chawhmeh thlai lam maian, antamte; hriaknei thlai leh be lam chiho - heng zawng zawng hi kum khat chhunga thlai thar an ni vek a. Heng thlai thar theihna atana mamawh tui leh leiṭha, boruak leh sik leh sate kan pek ṭhat theih phawt chuan tuklawr loa buhbal leh thlai kan thar thei ang bawkin changdawlah hian hlawhtling taka thar theih vek a ni.

Kum 2008-a Mizoram Remote Sensing Application Centre (MIRSAC) ina ram zawl zau lam a chhut chhuah danin; Mizoramah hian ram zawl leh tlema awih deuh (slope percentage 0% - 25%) ram hi hectare 3,56,679 lai a zau a awm a ni. Heng ram zawlah te hian emaw a aia awih deuh ram awih deuh zawk (slope percentage 25% - 35%) hectare 2,29,461 lai awmah te hian changdawl siama hlawhtling tak a buhbal leh thlai thar theihna vek a ni. Changdawl siam dawna hriat reng tur erawh chu; changdawl siamna hmun tur chu ram awih lutuk lo, leh tui lak theihna hmun ni se duhthusam a ni. Tui a lak theih loh pawhin vanruah tui ringa thlai a thar theih tho vangin Mizoram khawilaiah pawh changdawl a siam theih vek a ni. Thlai chinna hmun leh phut theihnana Power Tiller ( lei let khawl) inher theihna khawp aia te loin changdawl chu siam zau theih hram ni se a ṭha. Lei chung lang hang ṭha chhilh bo lo zawnga changdawl chu siam theih a tha bawk. Khitiang khawpa ramzaua changdawl siama buhbal leh thlai kan chin chuan tuklawr lo neih kan bansan thei tawh ang.

Huan thlaite hi ngun taka enkawl chuan changdawlah a ṭha duh em em tih Aizawl chhehvela huan thlai thar aṭang hian a hriat theih awm e. Tuklawr lo neitute hian van ruahtui ringin April / May thlaah buh an tuh a, Sept/Oct thlaah buh an seng leh ṭhin. Mizote'na kan chin than loh changdawlah hawlhtling takin loneitu ṭhenkhatte chuan buh an thar a ni. Pu Lalchhanhima, Falkawn khua chuan Darkhuang phaiah hlawhtling takin changdawl loah kum eng emaw zat buh a thar ṭhin. Pu Lalliana leh Pu Lalbuaia, Zotuithiang khuate leh Chhingchhip khua Pu H.Rosiamate chuan van ruahtui ringin changdawlah hlawhtling takin buh an thar a ni tih kan hre bawk. Chuvang chuan nitin ei leh bara kan mamawh thlai chitinrengte chu changdawl lo nghetah kan thar thei vek a ni.

Changdawla buhbal leh thlai chin a hlawknate:

1. Tuklawrlo neih vanga lei chung lang hang ṭha kumtina luangral tur kha pumpelh a ni tawh ang.

2. Thlai tana lei chi leh bawngek leiṭha te, chinai thi leh ṭul dang pek turte awlsam zawkin a pek theih tawh ang.

3. Natna hrik laka thlai venna tur leh hlo suatna tur awlsam zawkin a hman theih tawh ang.

4. Khawl chi hrang hrang - leilehna khawlte leh buh sengna khawl hmante a awlsam tawh ang.

5. Lo nghet a nih tawh dawn vangin feh kawngte, tui dahna zemte, thlamte, hruih (threshing floor) te siam kumtin ngai loin tlo tak turin a siam theih tawh ang.

6. Lei tihṭhatna thlai (Green manuring crop) awlsam takin kan hmang thei tawh ang.

7. Vanruahtui leh hnawng changdawl zawl chuan a chelh rei thei zawk ang.

8. Fur thlai seng zawhah favang thlai kan ching thei ang a, tui a awm phei chuan changdawl ruak lovin a hman ṭangkai theih ang.

9. Kum tina buh/thlai thar zat tur a hriat theih dawn avangin chêt lak dan tur ruahmanna hran a siam theih tawh ang.

10. Tuklawr lo neih a bo tawh ang a, thing leh mau a hnuaia nungcha, tuihna leh tui lam sa an lo him tawh ang a. Chu chuan boruak thianghlim min pe tawh ang.

Chhungkaw kham khawp buhbal thar theihnaa zau tawk changdawl lo siam tur chuan, a tirah chuan a awlsam lo mai thei. Mahse tuklawr lo neih theihna hmun a zim tial tial a, lei chung lang hang ṭha a panin, a fe tawlh tawlh bawk si a. Mihring kan pung tial tial a, ei leh bar tur kan mamawh hnem telh telh bawk si a. Tlangrama cheng hnam dang pawhin changdawl lo neia an rinpui thlai an thar theih si chuan, changdawl lo neih hi Mizo loneitute hian kan tlin ve ngei ang. Chutichuan, tuklawr lo thlakna atana changdawl lo neih hi Zoram hmasawnna tur leh kan tihmakmawh hmabak niin a lang.