Demonetisation leh a nghawngte (India ramin a ṭhatpui em?)

November 8, 2016 khan India pawisa Rs 500 leh Rs 1000 note, Mahatma Gandhi lem chuanna chu sawrkar laipuiin zanlai aṭanga a tihthih kha kum khat hmel a lo hmu ta der mai a. Kan ṭhatpui nge kan chhiatpui? tih hi sawi thiam mai a harsa, ngaihdan a inchen lo hle bawk. Sawrkar laipui hian pawisa note hi a lo tithi fo tawh thin a, tun ṭum ang reng renga sawisel hlawh/ fak hlawh leh politic thila hman hi a la awm ngai awm love. RBI Act 1934 chang 26 chuan ‘RBI-in tangka note a chhut reng reng chu sawrkar pawmpui hlutna nei (legal tender) a ni ang’ tih a ni a; hei hi India ram pumah a hlutna zat inziak ang zelin lei leh hralh nan pawm tlan tur a ni. Sawrkar laipuiin a hlut zat inziak ang zelin pek let a intiamkam hnan a ni. Pawisa note hlutna tihthih hi sawrkar laipui thuneihna a ni thung.

Sawrkar thuchhuahin a tarlan angin pawisa note tihthih chhan hi thil pathum vang a ni. Chungte chu pawisa lem lengvak tihtlemna tur tih te, pawisa note lian hmanga pawisa chheprelhh leh chhiah pek awlrukna remchang tihtawp tih leh rawlrala che te tihchhiat nan tih a ni. Kum 1946 leh 1978 a pawisa note tihthih chhan kha chhiah awlruk tihtlem nan tih a ni tawh a. Kum 1978 khan pawisa note lian Rs 1000, 5000 leh 10,000 te tihhlum a lo ni tawh a ni.

Pawisa ṭampui a thleng?

November 8, 2016 a pawisa note tihthih tak Rs 500 leh Rs 1000 kha pawisa leng vak zawng zawng zat aṭanga chhutin zaa 85 lai a ni. Pawisa note nung lai hlutna tithih thut mai hian mipui a barakhaih hle. Sawrkar lam chuan India ram ei-sum zawnna kawng hrang tihthianghlimna tur leh ram ṭhanna tisangtu turin an beisei a. International Monetary Fund lam pawhin ‘eirukna dona hmanraw ṭha a ni’ tiin Modi-a sawrkar chu a fak a. Indian economist lar tak Jagdish Bhagwati chuan ‘a va lawm awm em’ a tih laiin, Amartya Sen, Indian economist, economics lama khawvela lawmman sang ber Nobel Prize dawngtu chuan, 'tih loh loh tur, intih lalna hmanrua mai a ni’ a ti thung. Sawrkar lam ṭang tura ngaih Supreme Court leh Parliamentary Panel pawhin an sawisel.

Pawisa leng vak zaa 85 tihthih a nih khan India ram hmun tinah pawisa ṭampui a thleng a. Thla engemaw zat chhung chu bank leh ATM aṭangin pawisa lak chhuah tum, nileng lenga intlar an awm a; pawisa lak chhuah zat tur bituk a ni bawk. Bungraw phur lirthei an ding ṭhup a, loneituten an thlai thar an hralh thei lova, thlai chi leina tur an nei hek lo. Inhlawhfa chawp leh thilsiamna tenau hmuna thawkten hlawh an la thei lova; sumdawng leh thilsiamtuten bungrua an hralh theih loh vangin hnathawktu tam tak an ban bawk. A tuar nasa ber chu mi rethei, thawh tur mumal nei lo, inhlawhfa chawp leh loneitute an ni.

Rawlrala chetna a tlahniam em?

Sawrkar lam chuan ‘demonetisation avangin rikrapa chetna leh Naxalite tharum thawhna a tlahniam hle’ an ti a. Ramri kana pawisa lem lengvak (Fake Indian Currency Note (FICN) pawh Intelligence lamten man tur an nei mang ta lo niin sawi a ni. Sawrkar phal loh sumdawnna chi hrang hrang pawh a tlahniam hle niin sawi a ni. Demonetisation duh lo lam thung chuan ‘sawrkar ṭanna hi a dik tawk lo’ an ti a. A chhan chu South Asia Terrorism portal (www.satp.org) tarlan danin kum October 29, 2017 thleng hian inrikrapna leh tharum thawhna avanga thi zat tlem ta viau anga sawi hi ‘a dik tawk lo’ an ti ve thung. Kum 2015, 2016 leh 2017 (Oct.) thi zat khaikhinna table-ah tarlan ang hian October 2017 thleng khan civil mi thi zat 139, sipai 142 leh rikrapa che 27, an zavaiin 541 an tling tawh a ni.

Kum Civil Security Terrorist Total

2015 181 155 386 722

2016 199 179 515 893

2017 139 142 270 541

Source : South Asia Terrorism Portal

Sum chheprelhh (black money)

a tlem phah em?

Black money leng vak tam lam hi chhut thiam a har hle. Zirtu hrang hrang chhut dan a inang lo bawk. Ṭhenkhat chuan ‘black money hi ram pum sum dehchhuah (GDP) aṭangin zaa 75 lai a ni thei’ an ti a; World Bank chhut dan erawh chuan ‘zaa 20-30 vel a ni ang’ a ti thung a. Central Board of Direct Taxes (2012) chuan ‘pawisa note tihhlum hi sum chheprelhh venna hmanrua a tling lo. A chhan chu in hmun lo ram, rangkachak leh thil hlu dang hi sum chheprelh nan hman

ṭhin zawk a ni e’ a ti. Income tax lam chhut dan chuan sum chheprelhh zaa 6 vel chauh hi tangka fai a ni. Pawisa note (Rs 500 leh 1000) tihhlum tak zaa 99 lai August 2017 thleng khan Bank-ah a lut tawh a, chuvangin, ‘pawisa chheprelhh tak hi a tlem hle a ni awm mang e’ tih a ni.

Pawisa lem chungchangah chuan kum 2016 khan Home Ministry hmalaknain Indian Statiscal Instute (ISI), Kolkota chuan zirchianna a nei a. He report behchhan hian sawrkar laipui chuan Supreme Court-ah pawisa lem leng vak zat nia a tarlan chu cheng vaibelchhe 400 (Rs 400 crore) a ni. RBI Annual Report tarlan danin Rs 500 leh Rs 1000 note lem man zawng zawng zat, March 2017 thleng khan cheng vaibelchhe 41.5 (Rs 41.5 crore) vel chauh a ni. Hei hi ISI-in kum 2014-15 chhunga pawisa lem awm zat nia a chhut dan aṭang chuan zaa sawm vel chauh a ni. Demonetisation hnu lama pawisa tihhlum tak, banking system-a kir leh zat cheng vaibelchhe nuai 15.28 (Rs 15.28 lakh crore) aṭanga chhut phei chuan pawisa lem hmuhchhuah zat hi a bei tham hle.

RBI report vek hian ‘pawisa note thar Rs 2000 leh Rs 500 lem hi cheng nuai 13.45 (Rs 13.75 lakh) March 2017 thleng khan hmuh chhuah (detected) a ni tawh’ a ti bawk a. Pawisa lem siamna hmanrua awmsa hian a thar dang a siam zung zung theih avangin demonetisation hian pawisa lem siamtute a nghawng vak lo niin a lang.

Ram sum leh pai dehchhuah

ṭhanna a tlahniam?

Ram sum leh pai dehchhuah ṭhanna (GDP growth rate) hi a tlakhniam phah niin chhut a ni. Kum hmasa (2015-16) a

ṭhanna rate zaa 8 aṭangin kum 2016-17 hian zaa 7.1-ah a tla thla a. Kumin Jan - March 2017 ṭhanna beisei zat zaa 7.1

aṭangin zaa 6.1 a tlahniam turin economist ṭhenkhat chuan an chhut bawk. Pawisa lengvak tlem thut avangin pawisa vir chak zawng (velocity of circulation) leh vir tam lam (money multipler) nasa takin a tlahniam a, hei hian sum leh pai che vel a tihtlem phah. Thilsiamna tenau neituten pawisa hlawhfa rawihna pek chhuah tur an nei lova, an hnathawkten an tawrh mai bakah an hralh zat a tlahniam. Hnathawktu tam tak an ban phah bawk. Khawpuiah thlai thar man a to hle laiin, loneitu tam berin an thil thar chhuah leitu an nei lo thung. Thlasik thlai chi leina tur an nei lova; thlai chi man a to em em bawk. Harsatna a inchherchhuan nasa hle.

Sawrkar chuan, ‘ram ṭhanna tlahniam ta anga lang hi hun tawite chhunga thil thleng (short term effect) a ni; khuareiah chuan India ram hian hmasawnna duhawm zawk a nei dawn. Demonetisation hian hlemhletna leh sum chheprelh a ti bo dawn a ni’ a ti ve thung.

Cashless economy lamin an ṭhatpui

Tangka fai ni lo, internet leh mobile kaltlanga lei leh hralh (cashless economy) ten an ṭhatpui hle. E-commerce nasa takin a pung a, dawra pawisa hmanchawp pekna (point of sale-POS) a pung hle bawk. Pawisa fai mamawhna nasa takin a tlahniam thung. Finance Ministry chuan ‘pawisa leng vak (cash circulation) a tla hniam a, digital payment a pung a, sum leh pai chheprelh leh eirukna a titlem a ni’ a ti a. GDP aṭanga chhutin pawisa leng vak tam zawng (Cash-GDP ratio) hi zaa 11.3 aṭangin zaa 9.7-in a tlahniam tawh a ni.

Demonetisation sawiseltu lam thung chuan India ram chhungkaw zaa 50 vel chauh hian bank account an nei a; sawrkar hriatpui loh eizawnna (informal sector) zaa 60 chuang hi pawisa faia innghat a ni bawk. India mipui zaa 78 vel hian pawisa fai hi thil lei leh hralh nan an hmang mek bawk. India ramin a chhiatpui dan leh bank-a sum dah theih lo mipui tam dan chhutin, digital payment tihhmasawn nan, demonetisation hi hmanruaa hman chi a ni lo; internet lama hmasawnna leh mipui hmasawnna nena kal rual thei chauh a ni’ an ti thung.

Inhlawhfa, nitin ei chawp zawng chawp te chuan, ‘ziak leh chhiar pawh kan thiam lova, bank a dah tham pawisa kan nei lova, account pawh kan nei hek lo. ATM kan hmang thiam bawk lo’ an ti a. Hnathawhna ṭha zawk leh hlawk zawk um ngam lovin, nitin pawisa fai hlawh chhuah theihna remchang awm apiang an zawng a. An dinhmun a tlakhniam phah hle. Hengte avang hian demonetisation sawiseltute chuan ‘digital payment hi tihluihnaa in hmantir chi a ni lova; mimal zalenna leh remchan dan a ni tur a ni. Kan sum lakluh leh leh hmanna tur chu a thawk chhuaktu thuneihna a ni tur’ an ti a. ATM aṭanga pawisa lak chhuah theih zat bituk ang chi te hi an ngaithiam lo hle.

- Prof. Vanlalchhawna