TARMITA (Lt. Col. J. Shakespear)

Chutih rualin, kan kohhrante hian chung Bawrhsapte ṭan­puina chu chhinchhiah leh anmahni hriatreng nachang kan hre lo emaw tih tur a ni thung. Chu bakah, kan Welsh Missionaries hmasate kaihza vengtu leh kan Kristian hla tam tak min siamsaktu, Khasi ringtu hmasateho pawh kha hriatreng tak aruangin kan mangnghilh hlen ta hlauh niin a lang bawk. 

Kum 1894-a Pu Buanga leh Sapupa te Aijal an lo thlena, lo dawngsawngtu leh puitu  chu Capt. GH Loch (Manding Putara) Commandant, Military Police Battallion, chutih laia Bawrhsap hna lo chelh lailawktu kha a ni. Ani hian vawi duailo Aijal Bawrhsap ‘charge’ hi a la fo nghe nghe. 

Amah vek hian Pu Buangate inkulhna hmun atan Dawrpui School hmun kha lo kawhhmuhin, chumi hnua an awm nghehna hmun tur Thingpui Huan Tlang, Zarkawt pawh lo remruat saktu kha a ni. 

Kum 1897 tawp lama Zosaphluiate bu khuarna atan Hrianghmun, (Mission Veng) pawh kawhhmuhtu, Zosaphluian Sikul puitling hmasa ber a sak tum a, a budget-in a daih bak sum lo pek belhtu pawh amah Loch Sap (Manding Putara) bawk hi a ni. ‘Ṭanpui vartu hnai reng’ a ni tak meuh mai. Chu mai pawh a la ni lo, Dr. Fraser-an Zoram a chhuahsan laia, Krista Tlangau (Kristian Tlangau) leh thil dang an chhutna Hand Press, Saprama a hawn thlak hnua, Printing Press thar leina tur, Zosaphluia hnena Pound 100/- thawhtu chu Loch Sap bawk hi a ni. 

Press thar hming atan Zosaphluia’n ‘Loch Printing Press’ tia a lo phuah te kha, thil inhmeh tawpkhawk a ni awm e. Mahse, kum 60 emaw a liam hnua Synod Khawmpui lianin 1972 a, Loch Sap hming nuaibo tum ang ziazang a, ‘Synod Press’ tia a hming an han thlak ta mai kha, eng vang tak ni maw? 

India independence hma lama kan Bawrhsap teho kha, administrator thiam, mi puitling leh thil chik mi an ni a, an lehkhabu ziak aṭang te pawhin Mizote nunphung, mizia leh rilru sukthlek dan te, kan hnam chi peng hrang hrang ṭobul zirtu leh hnam anga kan ṭhan chhoh zel dan tur te pawh min lo thlir lawk sak ṭhin niin a hriat theih. 

Kan tualzal nun (social life) an hmuh dan te pawh, kan Missioanaries tam takte aiin an thlir thiam zawk emaw chu, tih mai tur a ni.

Kum 1898-a Lushai Hills, chhim bial leh hmar bial inchhunfin a, District pakhata siam a nih hnua, Bawrhsap (Superintendent) hmasa ber chu Maj. J.Shakespear (Tarmita) a ni a. Ani hi kum 16 lai Lushai Hills chhunga hna pawimawh hrang hrang chelh tawh a ni a; Vai Lian pahnihna (1889-90) Brig. Gen. Treager hova Lunglei an rawn luh hnu khan, Lunglei chu Chittagong Province hnuaia District pakhat headquarters-ah siam a ni a. Tarmita vek hi April 1, 1891 khan Bawrhsap (Superintendent) hmasa ber a ni. 

Chutih laia hmar lam awptu, Aizawl Bawrhsap chu Political Officer tih an ni thung a, chutih laia Aijal (Aizawl) chu District headquarters a chhiar a la ni pha lo deuhin a lang. Lushai Hills District pum atana Bawrhsap hna hi 1905 thleng khan Tarmita hian a chelh a. Zorama a awm chhung hian chhim lam leh hmar lam Missionaries-teho kha thian angin a kawm ngeih ṭhin a ni tih lanna chu, Zoram kum 30 aia tam a chhuahsan hnuah pawh, kan Zosap Pu Men-a (Rev. E.L.Mendus) nen pawh khan lehkhathawn sei fu fu an inthawn reng ṭhin a ni. 

Tarmitan Pu Mena hnena a lehkhathawn pakhat copy hi hmuh theihin a la awm mial a. A chenna in “1, Redburn Street, Chelsea, S.W.3” aṭanga 1939 April ni 20-a a ziak, Pu Men-a lehkhathawn a chhanna hi i lo en teh ang. Anni pahnih hi an innel hle ni tur a ni, Mizoten Sap leh Vai Babu-te hmel inhmeh deuh deuhva an hming an phuah dan te a sawi bawrh bawrh hmasa a.  

Vai len vawi hnihna hnu, Kumpinu-in Lushai Hills a rawn ṭhutchilh hnu pawh a, Lushai Lalho ṭhenkhat nena an inkah a ṭul lehna chhan chu, hmar lam Lal ṭhenkhatten buh chhiah an chawi duh loh vang leh phut luih kuli an pek duh vang a ni, a ti a. He buaina hi chhim lamah pawh a kangkai ta zel a. A ngaihdan chuan Lushai lalte khan British awp ramte kha rawn run sek ṭhin lo seng chuan, Vai lenna chhan tur a awm lo, a ti. Khatia awp beh an ngaih tak siah chuan, inawpna senso engemaw zat chu Lushaiten an tum ve a ngai, tih hi an hrethiam thei lova; Sorkar inrelbawlna atana sum hi a ram mipuite chhiah tling khawm aṭanga lo awm ani tih hi, an hrethiam thiamthei lo a ni e, a ti bawk.

A sawi zel dan chuan, Lushaite hian mi dangte elrelna rilru an pungai lo hrim hrim. Vawi khat pawh, a tia lawm, Liankhara ina a upateho nena kan inkawm ṭum pawhin, a hma kum maia an khua ka hal sak thu kan sawi chhuak a; thinrim tak aruangin fiamthu nan an hmang zui, “A nia lawm, khatih lai kha chuan kan inhmelmak miau a; tunah erawh zu kan inho leh mai a. Hei hi a ṭha fe zawk e”tiin kan nui ho dar dar mai a ni, a ti.

Ka mimal ngaihdan chuan, a tia lawm, Lushai ringtharte zu in nghei tir zel ṭhin hi, a dik ber em aw, ka ti ṭhin. Zu ruih hi, Kristiante tih tur a ni lo, tih inzirtir zawk ang a; atawk afang chauh a zu in dan hrilh zawk ta ula, a fuh zawk daih ka ring. Chutia in tih chuan, tuna in zirtir dan ai hian Lushai-ho hi mi puitlingah in siam theih zawk ka ring. Tuna zu nghei inzirtirna chhan ber chu, ringtharte in fiahna hmanrua a nih ka ring a; hei aia chhan dang pawimawh awm in hre lo a ni maw, ka ti mai a. Lushai-te hi zu buaipui ṭhin hnama chhiar tur an ni reng reng lo; engemaw changa han phul hlut chu an nei teh meuh mai, chu mai tih lovah chuan, englai pawha rui reng ṭhin tumah ka hmuh pawh ka hre ngai lo, a ti. Zu hi chaw ṭha a tlingin ka hria (a ti deuh deuh), a chhan chu Lushai Lal upa tak pakhat, a hun tawp kum hnih chhung a, zu bak thil dang eng tehchiam ei lo ka hre chiang. A sawi zel dan chuan, Lushaiho zingah dan bawhchhiatna (crime) a tam lo hle, mi dang run an ching ṭhin tih lovah chuan, an nundan hi entawn tlak (model lives) a ni teh meuh mai, a ti. Amaherawhchu, an indonaah erawh chuan, anhmelmate nunna chungah pawisak engmah an nei lo thung, zu ti a!

Hmar lam Missionaries-te hian Sapupa leh Pu Buanga te chunga inbat nasatzia hi in ngaihtuah ngai em aw, ka ti ṭhin, a ti. Anni pahnih kha chu, an lokal tirh khan Sorkar aṭanga ṭanpuina beisei tur engmah a awm lo tih hre saa, lo lut an ni a; an hun hmasa lamah khan harsatna namen lo an paltlang reng a ni. Sap ve si thuneihna nei hauh lo, mi dangte ṭanpuina dil zawk ṭhin an nih avangin, mipuite hriatthiam leh ngaihsan an hlawh lo hle. Mahse anmahni kha dawhthei leh ngainatawm taka khawsa thei tlat ṭhin an nihna khan, an ‘mission’ a hlawhtlin tir a ni, a ti. Sorkar thlazar hnuaia awm ni ta ang sela chuan, mipuiah an rawngbawlna kha a tla na lo hle ang. Sapupa leh Pu Buanga te tuh rah inseng tak meuh a ni e. Zosaphluia leh Zosapthara te pawh kha ka ṭhian ṭha tak an nih bakah, mi ṭha tak an ni; mahse an hmaa mite khan bul lo ṭan ṭha suh sela chuan, an rawngbawlna a hlawhtlin ka ring lo, a ti hmiah.

Pi Hlui-i (Zosaphluia nupui) kha a pasal neih hma aṭanga inhria kan ni, a ti. Vawi khat chu Zosapthara khan typhoid a vei hlauh mai a, rei tak kan inah kan enkawl a ngai a. A damloh laia thil thleng nuihzatthlak tak kan sawi ang e. Doctor-in Sapthara tan Champagne (Brandy chi khat) a chawh mauh mai a, Sapthara lah nikhaw hre lova a awm lai a lo ni nen. Zosaphluia chuan a remti mang lova; mahse Doctor-in a damdawi chawhah Sapthara thih leh dam a innghat e, a tih hnuah chuan a remti ve ta a. Sapthara an han pek chuan, “Engnge ni?” a rawn ti a; chutah ka nupui chuan “Doctor-in a chawh che, in tur phuan berh berh chi a nih hi” a ti a. Sapthara chuan “A va tui ve” a ti a, chu damdawi ei fo chu a phur ta riau nghe nghe a. A lo harh chhuah deuh hnu chuan Zosaphluia chuan, eng damdawi nge a nih chiah hrilh hriat phawt loh chuan Sapthara chu Champagne pek chhunzawm tawh loh a rawt ta a. Doctor erawh chuan engemaw ti chhung chu a ei chhunzawm zel a ṭul a ni, a tithung a. Chutah ka nupui chuan Zosapthara chu eng damdawi chiah nge a nih leh Doctor-in a ei zel rih a ngai, a tih thu a hrilh ta a. Sapthara chuan Doctor-in ei chhunzawm zel a ngai a tih chuan kan ei tur alawm, dam thuai ka duh si a; amaherawhchu he damdawi hi ka ei ngei a ṭul a ni tihna certificate, amah Doctor signature awmna ngei min pe sela; tin, a chawh (prescribed) ang zat aia tam ka ei lo tih ziah lan ni bawk se, ati ta a. He certificate hi Zu Do Pawl (Temperance Insurance Company) hnena a pek tur a ni, a ti bawk. Zosapthara dam loh chhung zawng hian, zan lamah kan in duty chhawk ṭhin a, a pindan luhna kawngkhar bul dawhkanah chuan, champagne umte chu kan hung ṭhin a. Zan khat chu, a tia lawm, Zosaphluia duty ṭumin, champagne um chanve dawhkana awm chu a bo ta hlauh mai a; kan chhiahhlawh tuin emaw a la ni ngei tur a ni. Mahse, Zosaphluia kan han puh fiam zet chu, a nuihzatthlak teh asin, a ti!

Lushai Hills a Kristianna darhzau zel chungchangah hian thil engemaw thawh ve ka nei asin, tiin a sawi bawk. Kum 1904 Sir Bampfylde Fuller, Chief Commissioner, Assam in, 1904 a Aijal a tlawh tum a, Mission-te kuta education dah hi a finthlak ber em tia, a inngaihtuah buai lai khan, ama hnena ka thurawn pek tlawhchhanin thu tlukna a siam ta a nih kha. Ka ngaihdan chuan Sikul zawng zawngte in thuhnuaia dah a ni ta khan, in hnathawhah kawngro nasa takin a su in ka hria. Thil ṭha pakhat dang sakhaw chungchanga ka tih vechu, Lunglei Missionaries leh an nupuite Aijala kar khat emaw ni 10 emaw laicham tura ka sawm phei tum kha a ni. Chutih lai chuan, Lushai Kristiante khan Lunglei leh Aijal Missionaries te kha sakhaw hrang vuan niin an danglamna veve uar taka sawiin, inhmuh mawhna boruak chhia an tuh mek a. Mahse Lunglei Missionaries ten Krismas laia Aijal Missionaries-tenen Pathian biakhona an neih aṭang khan, chutiang intihhran tumna boruak duhawm lo chu a tawp ta hmak mai a ni, a ti.

Lushai Hills ka luh tirh aṭangin kum 50 chuang a ni ta a; ka chhuahsan hnuah lah kum 34 zet a vei ta bawk, mahse ka theihnghilh ngai dawn lo a ni, a ti. In rawngbawlnaah duhsakna ka hlan a che u, tiin a titawp a.

Tarmita chuan hemi kum 1939 July ni 12 vek khan, a chenna in ‘1, Redburn Street, Chelsea’ aṭang bawkin, chutih laia Aijal Bawrhsap Pu L.L. Peters ICS,  Tarmitan Zoram a chhuahsan aṭanga kum 40 zet hnua Bawrhsap rawn ni ve ta hnenah, lehkhathawn sei fu a ziak leh a. Tarmita hian Zorama Missionaries te ṭhian anga a kawmngeih bakah, ama Service pui Sap Officer-te, amah aia kum sawm tama junior zawk te pawh, a kawmngeih hle tih a hriat theih awm e. Hei hian Mizoram a theihnghilh lohzia leh a ngainatzia te pawh a tilang awm e. Alehkhathawna a sawi dan chuan, Suaka Lushai Clerk hnen aṭanga a hriat danin,  Aijal Bawrhsap ni tura Maj. McCall-a a thlak tih a lo hria a; chubakah Pu Peters-an Lungleia Sapte hna a thawh lai aṭang tawha Zotawng a thiamzia thu te a sawi lang bawk. (Pu L.L. Peters hian kum 7 vel zet Lungleiah SDO hna a thawk thin a ni.)

A lehkhathawnah hian, a ṭhian hlui dang leh Kumpinu Sorkar ṭhian ṭha ni ṭhin Bualpui Lal Lalluava thih hnuaa, a fapa tlum ber Vaibawia, chutih laia kum la tling si lo chu, Bawrhsap puihnaa zara, tlang chang ve ngei tura a ngen sak thu a sawi lang bawk. A thian tha Mizo Lalte a la theihnghilh lohzia a lang hle awm e. Uar taka a sawilan pakhat chu, a hun laia Lunglei Missionaries-te zirtirna chu hmar lam Welsh unaute zirtirna nen a danglam deuh ṭhin avangin, Kristian theuh theuh si, inhmuhmawhna a thleng thei dawnin a hria a; chu inhriatthiamlohna a thelh dan chu, Lunglei Missionaries-te chu an nupuite nen Aijala Krismas hmangho turin a chah phei ta a. Mipuiten chhim leh hmar Missionaries-ten lungrual taka Krismas inkhawm an hmangho an hmuh chuan, inremlohna titi leng vak chu a reh ta hlauh a ni, a ti.

A sawi zel dan chuan thil ropui ber nia a ngaih chu, Missionaries-ten Lushaite zu an nghei tir thei mai kha, thilmak dik tak nia, a hriat thu a sawi lang leh. Mahse, ani chuan hetiang kaihhruaina hi a pawm lem loh thu a sawi thung. A hriat ve dan chuan Lushaite hi zu buaipui hnam an ni ngai lo.An zu in chang chuan,han phur hlut chang chu an nei tehmeuh mai, mahse hei hi thil huatthla la ber a ni hauh lo, a ti. A chhan chu, zu hi in tur tha a ni a, a ngaihdan chuan a tawk a fanga, zu in mi chu, zu in ngai miah loai chuan, mi puitling zawkah a pawm thu a sawi lang. Engpawhnise, a thianpa Pu Buanga thung chuan Sapupa nena an ngaihdan chuan,Lushai ho hian zu an in thiam lo hulhual, a ti. A thlir dan chuan Bawrhsap bial fang thin tan chuan thil lungchhiatthlak tak a ni thei, a ti. A chhan chu, a tia lawm, khaw thim dawn tepah kawng chho deuh maiah thaw huam huamin kan kal tauh tauh a, tlang kan lawn chhuak ta tihah, kawngbul hmun daihlim nuam takah, Lal leh a Upaten zu belleh a inna tur, mauthei nen min lo hmuak a, thil pawimawh hrang hrang kan han sawiho pah ṭhin kha, a va hahdamthlak ṭhin tehlul em, a ti. Chumi zawhah, Lal inah pawnpui zial chunga thuthmun remin, an fiamthu leh titi kan han ngaithla a, zu no lah a lengkual reng bawk thin te kha, a ti. A ngaihdan chuan zu awm hauh lohna Lushai ram chu ka ngaihtuahna hian a pawm thiam thei hauh lo, zu ti a. Zan khat, ka la theihnghilh theih loh chu, atia lawm, Kristian Lal, a nupui leh a upate pawh Kristian te nena kan han inkawm chu, a ninawm teh mai asin; kha mi zan khan ka mu hma kher mai, a ti. “Engpawhnise, keini ang mi hlui hi chuan, kan huntawn lai apiang kha a hlimawm lai berah kan ngai zel chu a ni si” tiin a titawp a.

Tarmita’n a lehkhathawnah hian, a thuziak dang pakhat, Aijal (Aizawl) chanchin, “The Making of Aijal (1939)”tih a thil tel a. Manding Putara leh Aijal Bawrhsap hmasaten Aizawl an cheibawl zel dan, chanchin bengvarthlak tak tak a ziakna a ni. Bawrhsap Peters-a pawh, he a thuziak copy hi, ‘Aijal Club’ members-te chhiar theih tura lo kawl ṭha turin a chah bawk a ni. Pu R.Thanhlira (RIP) pawh khan, a lehkhabu “Aw! Zawlkhawpui”tih a ziah khan, athu lak nan a hmang bawk a ni. Tin, “Aizawl Centenary Souvenir, 1990”ah pawh Tarmita thuziak hi, a ngai ngaia chhuah a ni bawk.