KHAWNGAIH LEH THUTAKIN A REL HNAMTE AN LO DINGCHHUAK

September 11, 2001-a Islamic firfiak pawl pakhat al-Qaeda ten New York khawpuia World Trade Centre an beih hnuah Clash of Civilization theory rawn lar tharzia pawh a hre hman a, kum 2011 bawr chhova Arab ram hrang hrang buaina avanga raltlan tam takin khawtlang ram an pan nasatzia leh chumi nghawng kalzel erawh a hre hman ta lo; December 24, 2008-ah khan kum 81 mi niin a thi ta a ni.

Kum 2000-ah khan Lawrence E. Harrison nen lehkhabu pakhat Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress tih chu an edit dun leh a. Chu lehkhabu thuhmahruaiah chuan Huntington-a chuan kum 1960 bawr chhova Ghana ram leh South Korea ram economics dinhmun chungchang data hrang hrang tarlanna chu kum 1990 kum tir lamah khan a chhiar thu leh chung hunlai (1960 chho) ah chuan tehfung hrang hranga chung ram pahnihte dinhmun intluktlanzia a hmuh chuan mak a tih thu a sawi a. Per capita GDP thuah te, thilsiam chhuah (manufacturing) thuah te, service industry thuah te, ram pawna thil thawn chhuah (export) thuah te kum 1960 chhovah chuan Ghana leh South Korea chu an lo intluk tawk hle tih a hmu a ni.

Amaherawhchu, kum 1990-a lo inher chhuak a, kum sawmthum a han vei meuh chuan South Korea chu thil siamchhuah kawngah khawvela palian ber zinga mi a lo ni tawh a, ram sum leh pai dinhmun tehnaah khawvela a ṭhazual sawm leh pali zingah a tel pha ta hial a. Chutihlaiin, Ghana ramah erawh chutiang ang hmasawnna chu hmuh tur a awm ve lo; kum sawmthum hnuah chuan Ghana ram GDP chuan South Korea ram GDP hmun sawmpangaa ṭhena hmun khat chauh a tluk ta a ni.

The Economist (September 23, 1989) chanchinbuin a tarlan danin kum 1957-ah khan Ghana chu khatih hunlaia Sub-Saharan Africa-a ram hausa ber a ni a. Mi pakhatin kum khata an sum lakluh (per capita income) chu US dollar 490 anga chhut a nih laiin hetih hunlai veka South Korea per capita income chu US dollar 491 anga chhut a ni. Kum 1980 a lo ni a, Ghana ram per capita income chu za zela sawmhnih dawnin a tlahniam ta duai a, US dollar 400 ang vela chhut a nih laiin South Korea per capita income erawh US dollar 2,000 zeta pung anga chhut a ni ta thung a. Kum 1990 a lo nih meuh phei chuan South Korea ram per capita income chu Ghana aiin a let sawm zetin a tam ta (US dollar 4,832 vs. US dollar 481) a ni.

Huntington-a ngaihdanah chuan hun kal zelah Ghana ram leh South Korea ram inthlauh tak em em chhan ber chu nun­phung leh tihpung (culture) inan loh luattuk vang niin a ngai a. Sum leh pai enkawl leh peipun kawngah te, thawhrimna thuah te, zirna kalpui dan kawngah te, khawtlang inrelbawlna thuah leh mimal invawnna kawng thuah te chung ram pahnihte chu an inthlau lu deuh niin a hmu a ni ber mai.

Amaherawhchu, ram hmasawnna kawnga Ghana leh South Korea intlansan chungchang thuah hian Huntington-a ngaihdan hi mithiam tam takin an pawmpui lo. Kum sawmthum chhunga ram pahnihte intlansan nasat chhan ber chu tihpung leh nunphung (culture) inan loh vang ngawt niin an hre lova. Ram rorelna kawngah Ghana chu ‘ram hlawhchham’ (failed state) a ni a, South Korea erawh ram rorelna kawngah ‘ram hlawhtling’ an ni thung a; ram rorelna a ‘hlawhtlinna’ leh ‘hlawh­chhamna’ chuan kawng engkimah kawngro a su mai zawk niin an ngai a ni.

June 25, 1950-ah North Korea-in South Korea a run a, Korean War a inṭan ta a. He indona hian kum 4 vel a awh a, mi makta­duai khat chuang zetin nunna an chan niin an sawi. Ram pahnih indote chuan kum 1953-ah duh tawk an ngah ta a, inremna ziah pawh awm chuang lovin inkahhai an puang a, an inṭhaṭhen zui tawp mai niawm tak a ni. Chuvangin, mi ṭhenkhat phei chuan, “Tun thleng hian officially chuan Korean War hi a la tawp reng reng lo,” an ti ṭhin nghe nghe a ni.

Korean War zawh hnua Republic of South Korea ram President hmasa ber Syngman Rhee-a rorel chhungin an ramin tlakhniam lam a pan nasa a, America ṭanpuina (foreign aid) ah an innghat pumhlum a ni ber. Mahnia din tumna an nei lova, an innghahna ber chu ‘a thlawna sum hmuh’ ah a ni. Fiamthuin, “America ṭanpuina chu khuarkhurum mawng nei lovah an chhung lut zel a, a khat thei lo,” an ti ṭhin; an ram roreltute an corrupt em em a ni. Kum 1960-ah kut hnathawktute leh zirlaite huaihawt helna ‘April 19 Revolution’ an tih mai chu a chhuak ta nghe nghe a, sipaiin sorkarna fawng an vuan zui a, General Park Chung He chu President thar a ni.

World Bank Group Archives-in a sawi dan chuan President Park-a phurna, ṭhahnemngaihna, thawhrimna leh huaisen taka thutlukna a siam ngamna chuan ro a rel chhungin South Korea chu ‘America ṭanpuina ringawt rinchhantu tur anga inngaihna’ ram aṭangin mahnia intodelh ramah a siam a. An ram mipuite rilru puthhmang nasa takin a inthlak danglam a, “Engtinnge keini tehlul hian kan tih ve theih ang?” tih aṭangin, “Kan ti ve thei a ni...” tiin an rilru puthmang an thlak dual a. General Park-a rorel chhungin an ram Gross National Product (GNP) chu kumtin zaa sawm (10%) in a pung ziah niin an chhut hial a ni.

An ramin an mamawh hmasa chu ei leh bara intodelh niin a hria a, ei leh barah ramdang rinchhan lova an intodelh theih nan an lo neih dan kawngah tihdan thar leh kalphung thar (agrarian reform/ land reform) bul a ṭan a. Buh leh bala an intodelh hnuah an ban phak tawk aṭanga bul ṭanin thil tenau siamchhuah kawngah an insawrbing zui chiam a, television (TV) siamin ramdangah an thawnchhuak ṭan a. Chumi hnuah thir (crude steel production) an buaipui a, lirthei an siam a, lawng an siam a, electronics industry lamah phei chuan khawvel roreltu an ni ta.

Titia an sawi ṭhin dan chuan, “South Korea hovin ram pawnah TV set an thawnchhuah ṭantirh lai khan an ram chhungah TV station pakhat mah a la awm lo” zuk ti a! TV ena ṭhut mut duai duai aiin thawnchhuah tham siamchhuah phawt kha an ngai thupui hmasa zawk niawm tak a ni.

Kum 1957-ah Ghana ramin British awpna aṭangin zalenna (independence) a hmu a, mahnia ro inrel ram a lo ni ta a. Ghana ram Prime Minister leh President hmasa ber chu Kwame Nkrumah a ni. Sap hovin chhuahsan mahse an ram dinhmun chu a ngaihtuahawm lo hle; a hunlaia cocoa thawn chhuak nasa ber an ni a, a hunlaia rangkachak laichhuak nasa ber zinga mi an ni. Lunghlu te, bauxite (aluminium siamna) te, manganese (stainless steel, etc., siamna) te, mahogany (thing sen, bungraw uluk bik siamna atana an hman) te an thawn­chhuak nasa hle. Zalenna an hmuh hlima an ram sum dahṭhat (reserve) chu US dollar maktaduai 532 zet a ni a, an sum khawl sa leh sumchang thei thildang an neih (liquid asset) te hlutna belhkhawm phei chu namenlo tak a ni.

Amaherawhchu, Nkrumah-a hunlaiin Ghana ramah ‘rorelna dik chu lui angin a luan loh’ avangin a ram hausakna chu engngemaw mai maiah tlakral a ni a, kum 1986-ah paihthlak a nih meuh chuan an ram leiba chu US dollar vaibelchhe khat chuang a lo tlingkhawm hman tawh a. Kum 1970 chhovah khan mithiamte chuan Ghana ram kaldan chu ‘rui chungin wrong side zawng lehnghala lirthei khalh’ nen an lo tehkhin daih tawh a, “Engtik niah emaw chuan a la chesual dawn a ni,” an ti. Ram rorelnaah mu leh mal a awm loh avangin an ṭhalaite zinga thluak ṭha ber berte chuan an ram chhuahsanin ramdangah hna thawk turin an pemsan (brain drain) chum chum mai a ni.

UNESCO Report (2016) ah chuan ‘Dinhmun thuhmuna bulṭantu Ghana leh South Korea ramte hun kalzela an intlansan nasat chhan ber chu ram rorelna kalpui dan (political system) vang a ni’ tih kan hmu a. Poor Nations, Rich Nations; A Theory of Governance tih bu ziaktu Herbert Werlin chuan heng ram pahnihte chung­chang sawiin, “Sorkarna siam hi tuipuiah lawnga chuang pha nih ang deuh a ni a. Mi

ṭhenkhat chu an chuang pha zing khawp mai. Mahse, an chuanna lawng chu tuipuia a lan luau luau chuan an duhtawk mai a, tum neiin hmalam pana khalh zai erawh an rel lem lo,” a ti.

South Korea leh Ghana hi a ram lenzawng thuah intiat tak, bul ṭan hun pawh inrual tlang, bulṭanna lamah intluk chho an nih bawk avangin mithiamte khaikhin an hlawh hle. BBC-in an kawmna (December 2005) ah Cape Town Archbishop hmingthang Desmond Tutu pawh heng ram pahnihte chungchang hi an zawt a, a ni chuan ṭawngkam khat chiahin a chhang a ni, “Khawngaih leh thutakin a rel, Hnamte an lo dingchhuak,” tiin.

- Rochamliana, Mission Veng