INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF MILLETS 2023

India sawrkar chuan, Prime Minister Pu Narendra Modi hmalakna in, United Nations (UN) ah, kum 2023 hi, International Year of Millets (IYOM) ah puang turin rawtna a lo siam a. Ram hrang hrang 72 te thlawpna a hmuh hnuin, United Nation's General Assembly (UNGA) chuan, March Ni 5, 2021, UN Session vawi 75 naah khan, kum 2023 chu, khawvel pumah International year of Millets atan a lo puang ta a ni.

Hemi bawhzui nan hian, UN hnuaia peng pakhat, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) chuan, December 6, 2022 khan Rome, Italy-ah, International year of Millets (IYOM), 2023 hawnna (Opening ceremony) an nei a. Kum 2023 hian, khawvel ram hrang hrangah, Millets ching uar turin, hmalak tan a lo ni dawn ta a ni.

Millets chu Mizo ṭawng chuan, 'Buhtun' kan tih kha a ni mai a, thlai chi khat chauh sawina ni lovin, Millet thlai chi hrang hrang an awm a ni. Tun hma chuan chaw pui ber a ni ve ṭhin a, buh leh wheat, vaimim te ang thoin, Poaceae/ Grass family ami, Cereal crop zinga parukna dinhmun hauh a ni.

Khawvela Millets thar chhuah 90% hi Asia leh Africa khawmual, ram ṭhang mekte thar chhuah a ni a. Asia khawmual thlai niin, Indus valley Civilization hunlai te pawn, an lo ei fo ṭhin tih hriat a ni. Khawvel ram 130 chuangah tunah hian an ching mek a, Asia leh Africa khawmual pui, mi vaibelchhetak chanve lai te tana traditional food nia ngaih a ni.

Mizoramah pawh tunhma chuan, an lo ching ve ṭhin a, kan ei meuh tawh lo thung. Ar chaw atan te, sava khawi chi ho chaw atan leh, bawng chaw atan te an ching deuh ber tawh a ni. Green Revolution hnu lam aṭang khan, India ramah pawh, hmun tlem te ah chauh an ching tawh a, ṭhat bikna riau a lo neih avangin, India sawrkar chuan, chin uar leh ṭha a ti a, hma a rawn la thar leh ta a ni.

India Parliament House-ah pawh December ni 20, 2022 khan MP te tan, chhun chaw, Millet aṭanga siam ngat an chhawp a. India sawrkar chuan hma hruaiin, khawvel pumpuiah, nasa taka Millet tih lar a hmalak a tum a, Millets chin uar kum atan leh, India ram Millets thar chhuah hmanga siam, ei theih chi hrang hrang te chu, khawvel pumpuiah nasa taka theh lar a tum a ni.

Central sawrkar chuan ruahmanna siamin, state sawrkar nena thawhhona ṭha tak hnuaiah, Millets chin uar a lo nih leh theih nan, hmalak a tum a, Mizoram pawh, nasa leh zuala ṭan la tura tih a ni. Mizoram Agriculture Department pawhin, nasa taka ṭan la nghalin, Agriculture Minister zahawm tak, Pu C. Lalrinsanga hoin Flag off programme January ni 16, 2023 khan hman a ni a, a hnuah District tina DAO te leh KVK te, ATMA te nena ṭangkawpin, hmun hrang hrangah hma lak ṭan nghal a ni. He programme hlawhtlin nan hian, mela siam te, food festival, training buatsaih, awareness campaigns, workshop, seminars, hoarding siam leh ṭul dang sem chhuah te hmanga hmalak tur a ni.

Khawvel pumpui programme, International Year of Millets-in a tum ber chu, Millets thlaiten kan taksa mamawh, chaw ṭha an pai avanga ching uar leh tura hmalak te, kan hrisel zawk nana ei ṭhin tura infuih te, kan khawvel boruak lum zel nena inmil, thlai chin uar tlak leh, chin awlsam a nihna vang te leh, a chingtute tan, a hralhna lam thlenga kawng ṭha zawk zawn sak a, vawrh lar sak te a ni ber awm e.

Millet chu 'Smart Food' an lo ti hial a. Buh te angin enkawl a hau tak ve lova, tui a mamawh tam loh bakah, natna leh rannung lakah an him a, lei ṭhat vak lohna hmun, tlangramah te pawh chin theih a ni.

Millets kan tihte hi, an pian hmang leh lan dante a inang lo hlawm hle a, Millet lian chi leh Millet te chi (large millets leh small millets) in an ṭhen hrang a ni. Millet lian chi te chu – Pearl millet, Foxtail millet, Proso millet, Finger millet te an ni a, Millet tê chi te chu – Kodo millet, Barnyard millet, Little millet, Guinea millet, Browntop millet, Fonio millet, Adlay millet (Mim) te an ni. Tin, a fang awm dan azirin chi hnihin an ṭhen bawk a, a fang tuamtu nei leh nei lo (naked grain leh husked grain) te an ni.

Millets te hi Coarse Grain an ti a,"Nutri-Cereals" tih hming an puttir hial a, kan taksa mamawh chaw ṭha an pai vang a ni. India ramah chuan fur thlai (kharif crop) anga chin a ni a, hlawhtling taka chin theih a nih avang hian miten an ei nasat chuan a demand a lo sang dawn a ni. Buh leh wheat te aiin protein a pai tam zawk a, a hrisel zawk bawk avangin an dah chungnung daih a ni. A hriselna avang hian khawvel hmun hrang hrangah a rawn lar thar hle tawh a, a tui danglam bik a, a siam a awlsam bawk si avang hian mite ngaihven a hlawh chho mek a, European ram changkang tak takte pawhin an ngaihven ṭan tawh hle a ni.

Millets te hian Antioxidant an pai tam a, thau chhia a titlem a, hei vang hian stroke leh lung lam natna lakah min veng thei a ni. Millets a awm phytochemicals ten cancer cell insiam tur a veng thei a, hei hian rilpui leh hnute cancer insiam turte leh Thin cancer lakah min veng thei tih hriat chhuah a ni. Fibre tam tak a pai a, hei hian ek khal, kawpuar leh pum nuam lo awm tur lakah min veng thei a, kan taksa khawl pawimawh dang tan pawh ṭha tak a ni.

Millet chin a ṭhatna chhante chu – Kan chinna Climate milin an ṭha thei zel a, "adaptable smart climate crop" an lo ti hial a, thlai dangte anga duat vak loh pawhin, a thar ṭeuh theih a, tui harsatna hmunah fertilizer tel lo pawhin an ṭha thei tho. Millets te chu a chin hun chhung a rei lo va, ni 65 -90 chhungin an puitling mai thei a, thlai dang chin lehna hun ṭha a tam phah thei. Chaw atan mai bakah Ran chaw ṭha lutuk an ni nghal bawk a, heng protein, fibre leh essential fats te hi an pai tam a, gluten free an nih avangin Zunthlum nei tan a ṭha a, Cancer vei leh, Pum leh ril lam ṭha lo tan te, Lung natna neite leh Obesity nei tan pawh a ṭha hle. Heng Iron, Calcium, Zinc, magnesium, Phosphorus leh Potassium te hi tam tak an pai a ni. Millet te hian mak tak maiin thlai dangte aiin kan Atmosphere-a Carbon dioxide te an lo eiral chak bik a, tunlai Climate Change kan buaipui mekah pawh hian an ṭangkai thei hle dawn a ni. Kan tlangram Lo neih dan ang (traditional method) a, awlsam taka chin mai theih a nih dawn avangin, hna thar tam tak siam a nih phah dawn bawk.

Foxtail Millet chin dan :
Millets (Buhtun) chi hrang hrang zingah chuan Mizoten Foxtail Millet hi kan hmelhriat deuh berin a rinawm a, KVK Lawngtlai chuan kum hnih lai kan lo enchhin tawh a ni. A ṭhatna chu Ruh leh Nervous system a tichak a, Lung tan a ṭha a, Zunthlum tan a ṭha bawk. Thau chhia a paih a, taksa rihna a tihhniam phah theih bakah Digestion a ṭanpui a, immunity a tichak bawk. Nu naupai tan a ṭha em em a, nau hnute chawm lai tan chaw ṭha tak a ni bawk.

Foxtail Millet hi ram lum leh ram vawhna hmun (tropical and temperate climate), ruahtui tlak tlemna hmunah te pawh an ṭha duh hle a, zotlang sang, 2000 metre ah te pawh a chin theih a, ruahtui kum khata 500-700 mm chauh tlaknaah pawh hlawhtling takin a chin theih bawk. Lei ṭhat vak lohna leh lei thawl lam, tui luan hul zung zung theihna hmun a mamawh a, khawkheng nasa leh tui chîm rengnaah an ṭha thei lo. Foxtail millet hi Fur laiin an ching ber a, Fura kan chin dawn chuan May-June thlaah leh thlasik atan chuan August–September thlaah te chin tur a ni. A Line-a chin dawnin a chi 8-10 kg hectare 1 atan a tawk a, kan theh dawn erawh chuan 15 kg hectare 1 atan a tawk.

A line-a kan chin chuan a line inhlat zawng hi 25-30cm ni se, a bi inhlat zawng erawh chu 8 -10 cm a tawk. A chi te hi 2-3cm a thukah leia chhilh tur a ni. Buh leh wheat te aiin leiṭha a mamawh tlem zawk a, kan thar hlawk zawk theih nan erawh fertilizer pek tluk a awm lo. NPK chu 40:20:20 kg hectare 1 atan pek a tawk a, vawi hnih peka pek tur. Buh hmun ang thoa hlo thlawh ngai niin, chin aṭanga thla 2 chhung chu uluk taka enkawl a ṭha a, a hnuah chuan hlote an dip ral ve tawh a ni. Buh hmuna hman chi hlo turte hman mai pawh a theih a, sum leh hun tam tak sen lohna a ni. Fur laia chin ṭhin an nih avangin tui pek hranpa an ngai lo va, hun rei tak ruah a tlak loh a, thlaiten an tuar dawn a nih chuan a ṭul dan angin vawi 2/5 pek theih a ṭha.

Hlawhchhamtir khawpa tibuaitu, natna leh rannung an awm ngai meuh lo va, hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan Blast, Grain smut leh Downy mildew te, Armyworm, cutworm, leaf scraping beetle ten an tibuai ve a, KVK leh Agriculture department te a ṭul anga ràwn ṭhin a ṭha. A tlangpuiin chin aṭanga ni 80-90 hnuah a seng theih ṭhin a, a vûite a hmin rualin an seng mai ṭhin. Favah hmangin emaw par lakin an seng a, phoro hnuah Buh angin an chil a, an deng fai leh ṭhin. Fura chin chu September–October ah an seng ṭhin a, Thlasika chin erawh chu February–March thlaah an seng ṭhin. A ṭha pangngaiah chuan dan tlangpuiin, 1 hectare ah 15-18 quintal an thar ṭhin a ni.

- C.Rualthankhuma, SMS (Agronomy) Chawnhu, KVK Lawngtlai district