NATIONAL SCIENCE DAY (28th February) LEH LIRNGHING

February ni 28 hi, 1928 kuma Indian scientist ropui Sir C.V. Raman-an êng zung zám kal dan, thil te reuh te tein a lo tihdanglam theih dan ‘Raman Effect’ tia vuah tak a hmuhchhuah ni a ni a. Hemi ni hriatreng nan hian, kum 1986 aṭang khan National Science Day (NSD) hi hman ziah a ni. NSD-in a tum ber chu, ni tin nuna science pawimawhna inhrilhhriat bakah, Science & Technology chawi lar hi a ni a. Kum tin thupui hrang hrang neih ṭhin a ni a, kumin thupui chu ‘Khawvel hmakhaw èn nan science’ (Global Science for Global Well-being) tih a ni. Thupui denchhen hian, February ni 6 zing lam dar 4:17 (UTC +3)-a Turkey leh Syria ram nuaitu lirnghing aṭanga kan zirchhuah tur tarlan kan tum ang.

Turkey ram hi lirnghing thlen fo theihna, leilung chet nasatna laia awm a ni a. Lirnghing han inmun mai theihna tur lei inpelhsawlh lian tak Anatolian Fault hi ram chhungah a awm a. Leilung sakhat hlawm hrang pathum, heng Eurasian Plate, African Plate, Arabian Plate leh Anatolian Plate te inṭhial velna laia awm a ni bawk. Kum 1939 khan M7.8 zeta nain a lo nuai tawh a, mi 33,000 laiin nunna an chán a ni. Tun hnaiah chuan, kum 2020 khan M6.8-a na a nghing a, 2003-ah M6.3 leh 1998-ah M6.2 a na an lo tuar tawh bawk. Hriat theih chinah, lirnghing nghawr thahrui pekna tehkhawnga magnitude 7 chin chunglam, lirpui kan tih chin hian heti lai ram bawr vel hi ṭum 6 lai a lo nuai tawh nghe nghe.

African plate hi hmarchhak zawngin kum khata cms 2.15 a chakin a che a; Arabian Plate hi a lian vak lo, kum khata 15-20mm a chakin hmar lam hawiin a che ve bawk. Eurasian Plate hi a hlawm a lian a, chhim lam hawiin kum khata mm 7-14 a chakin a che a. Turkey ram awmna hi Anatolian Plate an ti a, chhim thlang hawiin kum khatah mm 21 a chakin a che thung. Heng leilung che reng hian hmar lam leh khawchhak lamah inpelhsawlh lian (North & East Anatolian Fault) a siam a. Lei che vel insu hi inpelhsawlhna lianah te hian a innek sawrna thahrui a inkhawlkhawm ta ṭhin a; leilungin a dàwl loh chinah khan inpelh sawlh pialin thahrui angin a irh chhuak ta ṭhin, hei hi lirnghing chu a ni. Leilung inpelh sawlha thahrui a chhuah hun tur hi hriat lawk theih a ni lo, chuvangin lirnghing hun tur hi sawi lawk theih a ni lo a. Mahse, a chunga tarlan ang hian, lirnghing thlen theihna leh a hlauhawmna hmun/ram erawh a sawi lawk theih thung. Leilung chet chak dan te, lirnghing lo awm tawh dante leh leilung dinhmun azirte hian, a thlen hun tak sawi lovin, kum 10- 50 chhungin lirnghing lian tham a thleng thei ang, tia sawi lawk ve theih a ni thung.

Feb. ni 6 leh a hnu lam nghingte hi East Anatolian Fault aṭanga nghing chhuak a ni deuh vek a. Lirpui nghing rei zawng kha seconds 80 zet a ni a, a hnu lama nghing nawn (aftershocks) hi vawi 10,000 chuang zet a thleng tawh a, lirpui a nghin hma kha nghing hmahruai (foreshock) a awm lo. February ni 27 thleng khan nghin nawn avanga nunna chan an la awm. Lirpui leh nghing nawn avanga thi hi mi 1,02,100 an tling a, Turkey ram mi ringawtah pawh hriat chian chin hi mi 51,100 an tling. In chim ringawt pawh hi 4,00,000 chuang zet a ni a; thlasik lai a ni a, mut tui hun laia thleng a ni bawk a, nunna chan an tam phah bawk. In chim rem rum kara, lungphu leh marphu ri pawh hre thei khawl changkang, US Jet Propulsion kutchhuak FINDER te, ui fing rualte a ṭangkai hle a, mi tam tak nung damin an chhanchhuak a ni.

Lirnghing na ber pawh thleng thei ram a nih avangin in sak dan hmang ulukna ram a ni a, an tikhirh zel bawk a. Mahse, a hmunhmaah in chimte an han zir chiang a, an dan neih ṭha tak tak chu zawm a ni vek lo tih hmuhchhuah a ni a. In ban chak lo, building phu tawk aia tea sak a tam avanga in tlu sawp nelh nulh a tam a. Thir hman lian lo leh phuar khawm ṭha lo te, a ban leh a beam inzawm ṭha lo te, hmanraw hman ṭha tawk lote chu a chhan langsar a ni. Lirnghing nghawr avang ringawt hi chuan chhiatna a thleng tam lo; mahse, a nghawr avanga in sak ṭha lo building chim te, leimin leh chhiatna dang thleng ṭhin hi a pawi ṭhin. Dan ang thlapa building sak chu, himdam bik vek lo chu awm mah se, thihna a thleng lo tih hmuhchhuah a ni bawk. In sa ṭha lo contractor tam tak an man a, thubuai rip tak an siamsak a ni.

Tun hnaiah kan tuar ve ta zauh zauh a, tun hma lama kan la hriat tam loh, kan ram chhung ngeia insiam lirnghing pawh kan tuar ta fo mai. Mithiamte ngaihdan inang lo a awm: a nghin sek hian, lirpui thleng mai thei tur thahrui kha a inpaih thawl a ni, tih leh a hma zawng pawha thleng nawn sek lo va, tun hnaiah km 100 bawr vel biala a thlen fo avang hian lirpui hmahruai a ni thei, tih hi. Heng mithiamte thusawi hian ṭan chhan a nei ve ve a, hmun hrang hranga lir lo nghin tawh dante zirchianin awihawm tak ve ve a ni. Lirnghing vantlang (Moderate Earthquake) an tih, M5 chin hi kan tawrh nat ber a ni a, M3 leh a hnuailam hi a tam a, hei hi ‘Small Earthquake’ an ti. Kan ram chhungah hian lei inpelhsawlhna lian, lirnghing na tak siam thei tur a awm hriat a ni lo a. A na thei berah magnitude 6 vel nghing thei tura ngaih a ni thung (Wang et al. 2014).

Lirnghing na ber pawh tawh theihna ram, Seismic Zone V-ah kan awm tih kan hria a, hei hi lirnghing insiamtheihna, leilung innek velna hnaiha kan ram a awm vang a ni. Seismic Zone V an tihin a ken tel chu, invenna awmchhun, in sak dan him leh uluk ngaihzualna hmun tihna a ni. Kan chenna in sak danah kan fimkhur hle a ngai. AMC huamchhunga awmte chuan, kan Building Regulations te hi mithiamten lirnghing natna hmuna him tura an duan a nih avangin, Architect leh Engineer te thurawn hi zawm thei ila. Hmun danga mite pawhin, abikin concrete in kan sa dawn a nih chuan, a hre tur Engineer te rawn thei ila, an thurawn anga sak i tum hram ang u.

Thingtlang hmun tam zawkah pawh Concrete in sak kan uar ta hle, hmasawnna kawng khat a nih rualin kan sak danah leh hmanraw hman fimkhur erawh a ngai hle. In ban tê tak tak, building phu loa tê hmuh tur a tam a, rod pawh kan hmang tê viau. Ban atan hian rod hi 16mm tal hmang thei ila, ban len zawngte pawh hi 6inch hawlh tlang talte tling thei se. Cement ṭha ber ber kan hmang thei lo a nih pawhin, kan hmuh phak thar ber zel hman tum ila. Rora len zawng hi a lian berah 20mm vel tur a ni a. Cement chak tawk lo, muk ṭha tawk lote leh slab dona pheh hma avanga kúl pawh hmuh tur a tam hle. Slab dona hi ni 28 emaw, thla khat tal do tur a ni a. Cement ṭha leh balu ṭha hman hram hram tur a ni. Cement-balu-rora inkhairual tawk lo, inchawhpawlh ṭha lo leh tui hmang tam nia langte pawh a tam a. Kan ram ang, lirnghing thlen fo theihnaah chuan, cement bag 1, balu ṭin 3 leh rora ṭin 6 hi chawhpawlhin, a hnáwng tawk chauha tui hman tur a ni a. Tui pawh a tlem berah kar khat tal pek tur a ni. A ṭha berah chuan, Aizawl khawpui chauha in sak dan ṭha hmang bik loin, District tinah, kan leilung leh dinhmun azirin, Building Bye Laws hman ni se. Aizawl khawpui pawh tiamin, khaw lian zuala kan building te dinhmun dik tak zirchiangin, a ṭul pawha thawm ṭha tura rawtna siam thei tur, zirbingna awm thei se a duhawm hle. Chhiatrupna thleng thei laka building insurance neih pawh uar zel a pawimawh. Kan in sak tam ber chu a ṭha thawkhat viau a ni thei e, in kan sakna hmun hi keini ang tlangram awihtlana khawsa tan chuan a pawimawh hle. In hmun kan lei dawnin chik peihin fimkhur ila, kan in sakna tur hmun leilung hriat chian tum ila, mithiamten in sak dan tur an duan angin sak tum ang u.

Hei hi inven nana kan tih theih a ni a, lirnghing hlauh dan dik a ni bawk.

- Dr. Laldinpuia, MZU