SUSTENAIBILITY OF JHUM CULTIVATION

Jhum Cultivation (Tlangram Lo) chungchang hi vawi tam tak, hmun tam takah an sawi leh ziahte kan hre ngun tawh viau ang. Kan hmuh leh hriat dan tlangpuiah pawh a ṭhat loh ziate, Ram a tih chereu ziate, Economy taka a hlawk loh ziate, bansan a hun tawh ziate a ni tlangpui. Mahse, vawiin thleng hian Rural Economy chu Jhum Cultivation-ah hian a la innghat tlat si chu a nih hi.

Amaherawhchu, thil reng reng hian ṭhatna an neih lai hian ṭhat lohna eng emaw ni tal chu an nei ve ṭhin, chutiang bawkin ṭhat lohna nei pawn ṭhatna an nei ve tho mai. Side A a awm chuan Sibe B pawh a awm ve tho ang hian. Chumi a nih tak avang chuan Jhum Cultiavion pawh hi sawiselna karah a thlavang ka rawn hauh dawn a ni. Ka ngaihdan mawlte mai kan han tarlang ve ang e.

Kan damkhawchhuahna (Survival) a ni: Kan Pi leh Pu aṭang tawha kan lo intuamhlawmna, kan lo dam khawchhuahna chu he Tlangram Lo (Jhum Cultivation) hi a ni ve tlat mai. Kan History kan chhui chuan Lo neih hi kan Mizote eizawnna bulpui ber a ni a, intodelh em emin mahni eikhawp thar thei vekin an awm ṭhin. Eizawnna dang vak hi Kristianna lo luh hma kha chuan sawi tur hi a awm vak lo. Lo neih kha an eizawnna leh an intuam hlawmna bul ber a ni tawp. Chuvang chuan tun kan lo thlen theihna hi kan hnualsuat ngawt thiang lo ang.

Kum hnih dawn chu Hripui Covid avangin kan inkharkhip a, chumi piahah Ramri ah buaina avangin Raju-a leh a pawlte hmalakna avangin hun eng emaw ti chhung chu kan kawngpui pawimawh em em, ni tin kan mamawh lakluhna piaha kan ni tin ei leh bar lakluhna kawngpui ni bawk chu min Block hnan hmiah bawk a. Nikhat pawh kawngpui block avanga buai ṭhin khan mak deuh maiin kha leh chen kha eitur tlachham khan kan buai miah lo. Thlai hnah leh rah tharlam tak tak kha Thingtlang lam aṭangin a lo lut ruih ruih ta mai. Khawpui lam Covid avanga inkharkhip zawkte kha Thingtlang lam unaute avangin a thlawn liau liauin eitur tharlam tak tak VLTF ah chhungin, anni kal tlangin kan lo hmu ve thei a lo ni. Tlangram lo aṭang pawh hian kan mamawh chu a lo phuhru thei tih a chiang. Sawrkar hian awlsam zawk leh man man zawka Thlai rah leh hnah tharlam tak kan hmuh theih nan hma han la teh se.

Eizawn nan a tlak loh piahah mamawh a phuhru lo tak tak em?: Tlangram lo neih hi eizawn nan a tlak loh zia hi chu sawi tam ber a ni, kan mamawh tur a tharchhuah zawh tawh loh zia pawh hi sawi tlanglawn a ni ve leh ta. Chuvang chuan Central leh State Sawrkar pawn tihtawp tumin theihtawp a chhuah a, Program chi hrang hrang a rawn introduce tawh a, State Sawrkar pawn Flagship hmangin Party Manifesto pui berah dahin, sem policy hmangte pawhin a lo kalpui tawh ṭhin. Mahse vawiin ni thleng hian a rahchhuah ṭha hmuh tur a la awm lo, Jhum Cultivation hi chu Rural areas ah hi chuan a bo tak tak thei lo a nih hi. Chuvang tak chuan Thingtlang lam unaute Eizawnna ber a la nih zel avang hian um bo tumin hma han la viau mah ila, a thlakna tur a milpui dik tak, an kalsanna tur vang vang Sawrkar leh mi thiamte hian an la duang chhuak lo zawk?

Deforestation (Ramngaw chereu) a thlen chiah em?:- Jhum Cultivation an sel leh demna ber chu Ramngaw chereu (Deforestation) hi a ni. FAO in Deforestation hrang hrang thlentu a sawinaah hi chuan Jhum Cultivation hi chu a tel ve lo a, Industrial Plantation, Parmanent agriculture leh Forest Plantation ho hi an ni bik. Jhum Cultivation ah chuan Rotation ang a nih avangin Season khat atana kan hman kha a kum leh atan chuan kalsanin chu chu CHUL (Fellow Land) kan ti a. Ramngaw insiam ṭha leh turin kalsan a ni a, Thing leh Mau an lo ṭo leh ṭhin a ni. Hemi a nih tak avang hian Parmanent Loss Forest kan tih ang hi a awm ve ngai lo va, Forest Regenation hun atana kalsan a nih avang hian Deforestation hi Jhum Cultivation hian a thlen lo tia sawi ṭhin a ni. India ramah Mizoram hian Forest Cover kan nei sang ber a, Forest Cover hi 84.5% niin min dawttu chu Arunachal Pradesh niin 79.3% a ni. Chuvang chuan, Jhum Cultivation hian Deforestation hi thlen ni se Jhum Cultivation practice nasa ber State pahnih te hian Forest Cover nei chhe ber kan ni daih ang. Deforestation a thlen si lo kan tih chuan eng nge lo awm ta ang kan tih chuan, Forest Altaration (Tihdanglamna) alo awm kan ti thei ang. Primary Forest kha Secondary Forest ah kan let mai zawk a ni. Tin, Lo neihna hmun hi ramngaw tak tak hmun ni lo in, Mau hmun leh vah nuam tur zawk, thing tlemmna hmun a ni deuh zel zawk.

Lei kal ral (Soil Errosion) a thlen nasa chiah em?: Tlangram awihtlan taka Thing leh Mau vahdarh hnua hal leh a nih avang hian Lei kal ral eng emaw zat chu a awm lo thei lo. Chutih laiin Leilet (WRC) te anga laih phut dup a, leh leh chiam kha a ngaih ve loh avangin ruah a lo sur pawhin lei kal ral hi a tam ve lutuk lo. Leilet ah chuan Lei kha laih phut dupa leh a ngaih ṭhin avangin ruah a lo sur hian lei kal ral hi a tam em em ṭhin a ni. Chuvang chuan Cultivation leh Plantation danga chhut chuan Lei kal ral hi a tlem em em a ni. Tin, Kawngpui kan laihahte, In leh Lo kan sak danahte, Sawrkar hmasawnna tur a hmun kan siam remnaah te hian Lei kal ral hi a tam zawk hle a ni.

Leilet (WRC) nena khaikhinin a hlawklo:- Jhum Cultivation leh Wet Rice Cultivation (WRC) hi tehkhin fo a ni a. A tharchhuah leh dehchhuah (Productivity) en chuan Jhum Cultivation hi a hlawk lo zawk chuan a lang ṭhin. Amaherawhchu, heng pahnih hi tehkhin dawn chuan Input leh Output aṭang veka kan en loh chuan a dikhlel deuh ang. Output ngawr ngawr bikah chuan WRC hi a dingchang zawk fe a, chutih laiin Output nei ṭha tura an Input ve thung hi han bih deuh thuak ila. WRC ah chuan Leilehna hmanrua Power Tiller emaw Bawng a ngai phawt a, chuan Thlai chi ṭha (HYV Seeds) a ngai leh a. Chuan, Thlai chawmtu tur Leiṭha (Fertilizer/Manuers) tam tak a ngai leh a, Rannung thahna hlo (Insectiside) a ngai leh bawk ṭhin. Tin, pawimawh leh hautak em em Tui Kawng ṭha tak sial emaw Tui lakna tur hmanrua a ngai ngei ngei a ni. Heng zawng zawng kan sawi takte khi Jhum Cultivation ah chuan a ngai lo vek thung. Chem, chem kawm leh Favah leh Thlaichi (Local seeds) bak engmah a ngai ve lo. Tin, kan ram Zoram hi Tlangram a ni a, Leilet tur phaizawl hi hmun tlem teah chuah a awm avang hian Thingtlang lam tan chuan duh viau mah se a hmun a awm loh miau ṭhin avangin tihngaihna a awm ṭhin lo ve bawk a ni. Tin, Jhum Cultivation hian WRC ang lo taka hmanraw ṭha leh behbawm a ngaih ve loh avang hian Mirethei zawk tan chuan a awlsam zawk avang hian an bansan mai mai thei lo ṭhin a ni.

WAY OF LIFE :- Jhum Cultiavtion tihbo tur atan hian Central pawh hian Program leh Scheme hrang hrang hi a duang ve tawh ṭhin a, chutiang bawkin State sawrkar pawh hian theihtawp a chhuah ve reng bawk. Entirnan, MIP, NLUP, SEDP etc mahse vawiin ni thleng hian a hlawhtlin lohzia chu a taka hmutute kan ni. Mithiam tak tak ten han Program hi han duang ve ṭhin mah se, a ram neitute Sentiment mil tak tur hi an la duan fuh lo hvang zawkte em ni vawiin ni thleng hian kan sentiment mil zawk Jhum Cultivation (Thingtlang Lo) zawkah chuan kan Thingtlang mipui tam zawk chuan ṭuan zai kan la rel mek zawng a nih hi. Lalpan Tlangramah min dah a, phaizawl hmun ṭha kan neih ve vak loh avang hian, min dahna zawkah hian tlangram lo neih hi a eizawngtute (Lo nei lo thiam lo) tan hlawk zawk leh hahdam zawk an neih theihna tur hian sawrkar hian vawi khat tal chu ngaihtuahna han seng ve chhin se ka va'n ti em! Chutih laiin Zoram Economy atan chuan Jhum Cultivation hi a tlak chu ka ti miah chuang lo a nia aw...

- PC Lalmuanawma,

Chanmari, Lunglei