RAMNGAW HUMHALH (Green Mizoram pualin)

A kamkeuna:

Mizoramah hian ramngaw humhalh inzirtirna hi sorkar leh pawl anga hmalaknain hun rei deuh tawh aṭanga kalpui tan, vawiin thlenga kan la chhunzawm zel a ni a. Theihtawp chhuah mah ila awmzia a nei thui lutuk hrih lo a ni mai thei, kan ramngaw neih zauh zawng erawh kum telin a zim chhoh zel piah lamah a chhiat leh ṭhat (quality) lam tehnaah pawh ṭhat lam aiin chhiat lam a pan zel niin a lang. Hengte avang hian kan ramngawte hi awmze nei zawka humhalh dan kan zawn a, kan inzirtir a, ṭhat lam pan ngei tura theih tawpa hma kan lak a ngai a ni. Sorkar chauh ni lo, khawtlang leh mimalte pawn tih tur kan nei ve a ni tih te pawh kan inzirtir thar a ngai takzet a ni.

Ramngaw humhalh tul chhan :

Ramngaw humhalh hian ṭul riauna chhan pawimawh tak tak a nei ṭeuh mai a. Kan sawi vek sen dawn loh avangin a ṭhena zar chauh tarlang ila. Ramngaw hi kan hriat ṭhin tawh angin mihringin nunna atana kan hman boruak (oxygen) min siamsaktu a ni a, lo thlifim zeltu a ni bawk. Ruahtui ko haw theitu leh lo khawlkhawmtu ṭangkai ber, tuihna siamtu a ni. Tin, lei kal ral tur lo venghimtu ṭangkai ber niin leimin turte vengin chhiatna lakah min chhanhim thei. Chu bakah chuan khawvel lum zel tur venghim theitu a ni bawk a, sik leh sa awmdan inthlak danglam nasain chhiatna a thlen theih hrang hrangte laka min venghim theitu a ni bawk. Heng kan sawi bak pawh hi sawi tur tam tak a la awm thei awm e.

Kan ramngawten humhalh an ṭul em emna chhan mi thiamte zirchianna han tarlang tel ila. Ramngaw leh a kaihhnawih chungchang zirna lama India innghahna Forest Survey of India chuan ramchhung hmun kilkhawr ber thlenga ramngaw dinhmun an zirchianna bu thar ber State of Forest Report 2021 an tih chhuahah chuan Mizoram chuan kum 2019 kum nen khaikhinin kum hnih chhung lekin ramngaw 186 sq.km lai a hloh hman a. Tin, kum 2007 aṭanga vawiin ni thlengin kumtin kan ramngaw neih zauh zawng a zim hret hret zel tih tarlan a ni bawk. State of Forest Report 2021 hian a tarlan zel danin ramngaw dinhmun chhe zel piah lamah ram kang mai thei dinhmuna ding zat tarlangin kan ram hmun zaa ṭhena hmun 2.03 (2.03%) chiah hi kan hlauhawm lo (Less fire prone) a ni a, kan hlauhawmzual bik (Highly fire prone–18.91%, Very highly fire prone–49.73%, Extremely fire prone–26.28%) hi 92.92% lai kan nei a, kan hlauhawm dinhmuna ding tho, mahse tlema ziaawm deuh (Moderately fire prone) hi 3.05% kan nei bawk. Chumi awmzia chu kan ram hmun zaa ṭhena hmun 98 vel (97.97%) lai hi kangmei lakah a him lo hle tihna a ni, Chu chuan ramngaw chhah ṭha tak kan neih tlem tawhzia a tarlang a. Tin, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in ram leilung dinhmun zirchianna bu an tihchhuah Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas-a Mizoram dinhmun an tarlan dan chuan kum 2003-05 chhunga zirchiannaah 4.55% ( 958.73 sq.km) chiah ram leilung chhia/chereu (Degraded land) hmuh a ni a, a hnu kum 2011-13 zirchianna ah a let deuhthawa tam hmuh niin, 8.89% (1874.53 sq.km) hmuh a ni leh a, kum 2018-19 ah phei chuan 13.08% (2758.27 sq.km) lai a tling tawh a ni. Heng zawng zawngte hi han zirchian chuan kan ramngawte hi kan hmuh leh hriat phak piah lamah hian an dinhmun a lo derthawng tak zet a, awmze nei zawka humhalh leh renchem taka kan hman a ṭul takzet tih a tichiang awm e.

Mizoram ramngaw dinhmun tlangpui:

India rama ramngaw zir chiangtu lian ber Forest Survey of India (FSI) in kum khat dana an tihchhuah lehkhabu State of Forest Report- in a tarlan danin, Mizoramah hian ramngaw khuh chin 1987-ah zaa sawmkua leh pakhat vel (90.56%) ni kha a hnu kum sawm (1997) ah chuan tlahniam hretin, zaa sawmriat leh pakua vel (89.06%) ramngaw kan nei. Tin, kum 2007 ah chuan ramngaw khuh chin a zau leh hret a (91.26%), a hnu kum sawm (2017) ah erawh za a sawmriat leh paruk vel (86.26%) ah a tla thla leh a, report hnuhnung ber 2021 ah phei kha chuan zaa sawmriat leh pali vel (84.53%) ah a tla thla leh bawk. Kum 1997 aṭanga 2007 inkar khan ramngaw khuh chin zau zawng hi pung chho angin lang mah se, a hnulamah erawh ramngaw khuh chin hi a zim chak hle. Tin, kum 2003 aṭanga hman ṭan ramngaw ṭhen hrang pathumte zir chian chuan ramngaw te hian ṭhat lam pan lovin chhiat lam pan an lo ni reng zawk mai! Ramngaw chhah ṭha tak (Very Dense Forest), a bikin thing hmunte hi tlem tlema pung angin lang mah se, a punna a tlem em em a. Mizoram hmun zaa ṭhena hmun khat pawh kan nei tawh lo (0.74%) a ni. Thing leh mau inpawlhna hmun (Moderately Dense Forest) a kiam telh telh a. Tin, Mau, Rairuang leh changel (Open Forest) hmunte pawh a kiam chho ve hret hret bawk. Hei hian a tarlan chian em em chu kan ramngaw ṭha tak takte hi changel leh rairuang hmunah an chang chho zel a, mihringin awmna hmun atan leh hmasawnna hnathawhna atana kan ram luah chin a zauh zel bawk avangin kan ramngaw neihte kan tichereu nasa tial tial tihna a ni.

District hrang hrangte dinhmun:

Mizoram district hrang hrangte ramngaw neih dan dinhmun tlem a zawng han thailang ve leh zuai ila. Tunhnai lawka Disaster Advance Journal (Oct, 2022)-in an tihchhuah (Vanlalṭanpuia et al. Vulnerability level of forest degradation in Mizoram:A spatio-temporal density analysis) ah chuan kum 2005 aṭanga 2019 chhunga Mizoram district hrang hrangte ramngaw neih dan leh ramngaw chereu zel hlauhawmna hmun zirchiannain a tarlan danin, Siaha district chuan ramngaw chereu zel hlauhawm lamah pakhatna a hauh chiang hle a. Champhai leh Kolasib ten dawtin Lawngtlai district chu ramngaw chereu zel hlauhawm lamah pathumna a ni phak bawk. Aizawl leh Lunglei chu tlemin an ziaawm deuh a, Mamit leh Serchhip te chu ramngaw chereu zel tur lakah an la him deuh bik nia tarlan a ni. A chhan chu an district chhungah sorkarin ramngaw humhalhna hmun zau tak tak a neih vang a ni awm e. Chutiang ni lo se chuan an sang bik kher lo mai thei. Siaha leh Lawngtlai district ah te hian Mizoin Rampui chang ṭha tak (Very Dense Forest) kan tih ang hi kum 2005 aṭang khan hmuh tur a awm tawh lo! Tin, Kolasib district ah pawh 2005 aṭanga 2017 chhung khan hmuh a ni lo a, vanneihthlak takin kum 2019-ah khan 1.24 sq.km a lo insiam hman. Lunglei district lamah pawh a insiam pung hlei thei lo a, kum sawm kalta chhung khan 1 sq.km bak a pel thei lo! Ramngaw la ṭha ve tak (Moderately Dense Forest) kan tih ang hi Aizawl district ah a chereu nasa ber a, Mamit, Lunglei leh Kolasib district- te a chereu nasa zual an ni bawk. Chu chuan Mau, rairuang leh changel hmun (Open forest) nasa takin a tipung bawk.

Ramngaw chhiat chhan tlangpui:

Mihring pung chho zel avanga chenna hmun zau zel leh ram hmasawnnain a ken tel ei leh bara hmasawnna ruhrel dinna avanga ram mamawhna avangin kan ramngaw neih ṭha tak tak eng emaw zat chu tihchereu an ni a. Kan ramngaw neihte chhiat chhan bulpui ber erawh kum tina lo neihna hmun sawn (shifting cultivation) vang hi a ni awm e. Kan pi leh pute aṭanga kan lo chin, vawiin thlenga a thlakna tur ṭha zawk kan la inhrilh hriat theih si loh ei leh bar hmuh nana kum tina lo neihna hmun sawn (shifting cultivation) hian nasa takin ramngaw a tichhia a. Lo neihna hmun bik chiah a tichhia a ni mai lo va, a bul vela ramngaw awmten kangmei nasa tak an tawrh phah ve ṭhin avangin ramngaw tichereutu bulpui ber a ni. Lo hal leh ram kang hian kan ramngaw neih ṭhatte a tichhe nasa em em a, Environment and Forest Department, Govt. of Mizoram Statistical Cell in an chhinchhiah dan chuan November 2020 aṭanga May 2021 chhung khan Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah lo hal leh ram kang hmun 4486-ah thlengin 141.53 sq.km lai a awh a ni. Tin, January aṭanga May, 2022 chhung khan hmun 2969-ah lo hal leh ram kang a thleng a, 81.02 sq.km lai a awh leh bawk. Kum tin hian ramngaw zau tham tak kan tichhe ziah a ni.

Tin, Ramngaw aṭanga mamawh kan lak ṭhin tam takte kan mamawh bak aia tam lain sum siam nan kan hmang nasa chho tial tial a, hei hian kan ramngaw hlutna (quality) a tihniam nasa hle bawk. Keimahni hman tur Thing kan zai te, tuahthing atana kan lakte leh chawhmeh leh thil dang ramngaw aṭanga kan lakte hi chuan nasa taka ramngaw chhiatna a thlen lem loin a hriat. Mahse, kan hman khawp bak sum siamna tura thing kan zaitir te, mau sah te, meihawl rawh te, thing tuah tur lak vak vak te leh ramngawin min pek chawhmeh leh thil dang atana kan hman ṭhin duham taka hralh leh tura kan lak ṭhinte hian nasa takin kan ramngaw hlutna a tihniam a, a chereu chhan pawimawh tak a tling phak a ni.

Ramngaw humhalh dan tur:

Ramngaw humhalh dan hi ram hrang hrangah a kalhmang leh tih dan a inang vek thei lo a, mahse a tlangpui erawh a danglam tam lo. Tun ṭuma kan sawi tur pawh hi Mizorama kan hlenchhuah theih tur awlsam leh sorkar puihna tel kher lo pawha pawlho leh mimalten kan tihhlawhtlin theih tura beisei te an ni.

Tlangram lo neih ni lo eizawnna dang bulfuk neih:

A tir lama kan sawi tak ang khan, tlangram lo neih, kum tina insawn kual ngai hian ramngaw a tih chereu nasat em avangin ei leh bar zawnna kawng dang kan dap thiam a pawimawh. Khawvel changkanna mila ei zawn dan kawng kan thlak chhoh hret hret a ṭul a ni. Kum tina insawn lovin huan nghet neih a, kan thil chinte thar tamtir theih dan kawng kan zawn a pawimawh. Tin, ṭhalai lehkhathiamte tan phei chuan ramngaw tichhe lo zawnga eizawnna kalpui tur tam tak a awm tawh a, chungte chu kan zir a, taimakna nen hlawhtling ngei tura kan kalpui thiam a pawimawh em em a ni.

Khawtual mite huapzo ramngaw humhalh kalpui:

Kan sawi leh tur hi saptawng chuan Community based Forest Management an ti a, Mizote hian kan pi leh pute hun, lal an la neih lai aṭang daih tawh khan hlawhtling takin an lo kalpui tawh a ni. Hun eng emaw lai aṭang khan kan inthlahdah a, chu chuan ramngaw humhalh kawngah mipuiten tih tur kan neihte min theihnghilhtir a ni. Sorkar hmalakna ṭhenkhat avangte pawhin mipuiten tha kan thawh tlem tial tial niin a lang. Tun hnaiah erawh mipuite kan ṭhangharh leh mek, ramngaw humhalh kawngah khua leh veng tin mai kan intihhmuh chho leh mek niin a hriat a, hei hi thil lawmawm leh intihhmuh chhoh zel atan a duhawm hle. Sorkar leh a hnathawkte ringawtin kan ramngawte hi humhalh leh ven sen a ni lo va, a neitu mipuiten tha kan thawh a, kan humhalh hian awmzia a nei lehzual em em a ni. A tichiang em emtu chu, Sorkar enkawl ramngaw huam chhungah chuan mi tam takin a rukin an duh leh mamawh te, an mamawh loh thleng thleng pawhin lak an hreh lo tlangpui ṭhin.

Khua/Veng/YMA/YLA enkawl ramngaw humhalh chhungah erawh chuan tu mahin suahsual rawng an bawl ve ngai lo, neitu nihna an inchantir ve tlat avangin humhalh leh enkawl kha an tih turah an dah tlat mai zel ṭhin.

Kangmei laka fimkhur :

Kangmei hi kumtin maia kan ramngaw ṭha tak tak te meivapa chantirtu leh rambua a siamtu a ni a. Tin, ramsa leh rannung tam takte thihna thlentu a nih bawk avangin kan ven fimkhur a ngai takzet a ni. Kan rama kangmei chhuahna langsar tak chu lo hal vanga meichhuak a ni awm e, Mei lam/Mei kawng sial ṭhat tawk loh avanga chhuak a ni ṭhin. Hei vang hian lo kan hal dawn a nih pawhin ṭha takin, sorkar duh dan thlapin mei kawng kan sial ṭhin tur a ni. Hei bakah hian, ram lama hnathawk leh kal ṭhinten ngaihtuah mang lova meizial bung paih ringawtte kan sim a ngai. Tin, kut hlei thiltiha ram hal vak maite pawh kan chin loh atan a ṭha takzet. Kan eirawngbawlna mei/thukte pawh uluk taka tih mih hnua kalsan chauh tur a ni. A chung lama kan tarlan tawh ang khan, Mizoram hmun tam zawk mai pawh ni lo, hmun tin deuhthaw hi kan hlauhawmah kan ding tih hriain, kangmei laka kan ramngawte a him theih nan theih tawpa tan kan lak a ngai a ni. Fire & Emergency Services Department, Govt. of Mizoramin an chhinchhiah dan chuan tunhnaiah ramkang a nasa hle a, 2017 ah hmun 46-a kangmei chhuak chhinchhiah kha 2018-ah chuan hmun 56-ah a pung chho a. 2019-ah hmun 82 ah pung chho lehin 2020 ah chuan hmun 131 laiah ramkang chhinchhiah a ni. Tin, kum 2021-ah phei kha chuan hmun 199 lai maiah ram kang chhinchhiah a ni. Hei hian kangmei laka kan ramngawte venhim an ṭulzia a tilang chiang hle awm e.

Thingphun leh ramngaw awmsa venhim :

Ramngaw humhalhna kawnga pawimawh tak mai pakhat chu thingphun hi a ni awm e. Kan ramin a ngeih leh a lo awmsate nena ṭha taka puitling thei tur thing erawh kan thlan thiam a pawimawh. Hemi kawngah hian kan mi thiam zawkte thurawn lakte pawh a fuh ang. A nih loh chuan kan thing leh mau neihsa kan ram mila Pathian min pekte hi kan tichhe vek thei a ni. Ram dang thing ṭha an tih kan lo phun ve ringawt hian kan rama lo awmsate tan harsatna a thlen ve thei tih hriat a pawimawh. Thil pawimawh leh duhawm ber zawk chu kan rama tualṭo thing leh maute hi anmahni awm ang ang hian puitling leh thei se tih hi a ni. Mi thiamte zirchianna aṭanga a lan danin kan ramah hian ruahtui leh ni eng kan hmuh ṭhat avangin ramngaw insiam thar leh turin kum tam tak nghah kher a ngai lo va, kan khawih buai loh chuan kum 10 aṭanga 15 velah chuan amahin ramngaw hi loa neih leh tlak khawpin a insiam ṭha leh hman an ti. Ram pui chang ṭha tak insiam hman lo mah se, lo atana neih leh tlakin a ram leilung a lo insiam ṭha hman an ti tlat a ni.

A tlangkawmna:

Pathianin tlangram nuam takah ni eng leh ruah tui dawng ṭha em em in, siktui thiang, thlifim leh ram hring mawi em em mai, mana lei tur ni se lei zawh rual loh khawpa tam malsawmnain min vur a. Nuam kan ti lutuk nge ni ang, kan malsawmna dawn zawng zawngte hlutna chhut duh leh chhut nachang hria erawh tlem te an ni. Ka thei ta ber emaw tiin kan malsawmna dawn kan rohlute dimdawina awm miah lovin kan duh lam lama hmangin sum deh chhuah nan ren lo baksakin kan tiriral a. Tuna kan ramngaw neih ṭhat, kan la khawih chhiat nasat loh te hi kan humhalh ṭhat loh emaw, renchem taka kan hman loha a zawh duak chuan, tun anga ṭhaa indin leh tur chuan kum 100 dawn a ngai tawh ngei ang. Tin, kan ramngawte kan tihchereu nasat zel chuan ramsa leh rannung, Pathian thilsiam dangten an tuar ang a, mihringten kan tuar chhunzawm nghal bawk ang. Ramngaw hi mihringten kan mamawh em em leh, kan nunna hnar an ni tih hi chu hrilh nawn hran kan ngai tawhin a rinawm loh.

Mahse, duat a enkawl leh venhim kawngah erawh nasa taka ṭan lak kan ngai thung a ni. Muangchangin kan tiriral tial tial a, kan rin loh laiin kan hmang zo phut mai dawn a ni. Chu hun a lo thlen hunah chuan ‘Chhemdamthli’ kan tihte hi mumang emaw kan ti tawh ang a, ‘ruahtui ṭhatna ram’ chu hmun khawro a lo chang tawh ang. Mit hah chhawk damtu ramngaw hring nghulh mai awm ṭhinnate chu an lo uk dum khek khuk tawh ang a, kan tlang tin mai hi a ro kawlh vel vul tawh bawk ang. Heng zawng zawng pumpelhna kawng awm chhun leh kan thlah kal leh zel turte tana ram nuam siam turin kan ramngawte hian duat leh ngaihsak a, venhim an mamawh takzet tawh a ni tih hriain, sorkar, pawlho leh mimal ang pawha hmalak hi kan tih makmawh a ni tih hriaa hma la turin kan insawm a ni. Pathianin kan mamawh min phuhruksak tura kan vela a thilsiamte vawnhim leh enkawl hi kan kuta a dah a ni tih hi hre thar leh ṭheuh ang u.

Dr. Vanlaltanpuia, Govt. Aizawl North College