SHERLOCK HOLMES A THO LEH! (Sherlock Holmes lehlin leh Youtube-a chhiar bihchianna)

Tun hnaiah Sherlock Holmes thawnthu Mizoṭawnga letlingtuin a thu lehlinte Youtube-a a thu lova lo chhiar ṭhintu chu lo tichhunzawm tawh lo tur te, a chhiar tawhte pawh Youtube aṭanga tibo tur leh buaina thui zawk a thlen loh nan delete turin Facebook kaltlangin a hrilh a. Hei hian zawhna leh ngaihdan tam tak a hring a :

Mizoṭawnga letlingtu hian a thawnthu lehlinah hian Copyright a nei em ni? A lehlin hma hian letling tur hian Copyright neitu tak takte hnenah phalna a la em? US-ah chuan Sherlock Holmes bu ṭhenkhat chu Copyright a la nung a, a letlingtu hian Copyright dan a bawhchhesa hrim hrim zawk lo maw? Zoṭawnga lehlin hun lai hian Sherlock Holmes Copyright hi a la nung ang em? Mizo leh Mizote chu hetianga intih tur a ni bik dawn em ni? lo chhiartir ve hle hle se la. A chhiartu hian a letlingtu a dil hmasak loh avangin engti zawng pawhin dan chu a bawhchhesa ve hrim hrim zawk lo maw? Ngaihdan tam tak a la awm, duhtawk phawt ang. Facebook leh WhatsApp-ah mi tam takin an khel a, chutihlaiin a letlingtu chuan, “A Mizo ṭawng, keima irawm chhuakah erawh dan ang taka Copyright Act hnuaia thuneihna ka neih loh pawhin ‘moral right’ erawh ka nei. Chutihlaiin a chhiartute (Youtube-a chhiartu) hian eng right mah an nei lo,” a ti a, Youtube lama a thawnthu lehlin lo chhiartu nia a sawi Zo Sherlock erawhin engmah a sawi awm hriat a ni lova, facebook leh whatsapp sawi zuina lamah hming dang invuahin a lo che na viau thei bawk. Hei hi a bul leh bal chu a ni deuh awm e.

Mizote'n hma kan sawn ve hret hret a, ram changkang zawkte buaina ang kan tawng chho ve ṭan a. Thluak hmang thiam bikte'n an ngaihtuahna aṭanga an duan chhuah- Intellectual Property (IP) te chu Information Technology (IT) chak tak avangin kawng dang deuhin sum hai luh theihnaah a chang ve mek zel a. Hei hian Intellectual Property hlutna leh vawnhim pawimawhna a pho lang a, Mizote'n bung thar kai phah nan hmang thei ila a duhawm khawp mai.

He misual hnu chhuitu chanchin ngaihnawm tak hi thawnthu puitling (novel) 4 leh thawnthu tawi (short stories) 56, a vaiin thawnthu 60 lai niin English pachal, damlo zaimi Surgeon, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle-a ziah a ni. Heng zinga thawnthu 54 hi United Kingdom (UK)-a tihchhuah hmasak ber niin a dang 6 chu United States-a tihchhuah hmasak ber a ni thung. ‘A study in Scarlet’ chu kum 1887 khan United Kingdom-ah tichhuakin, "The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place" chu Liberty (US) Magazine-in March, 1927-ah tichhuakin a hnukharna a ni. US-a Liberty Magazine-in a mal mala UK lam aia thla 2/1 vel leka a tihchhuah hmasak zawk hote chu :

(1) The Adventure of the Three Gables (chhuah hun- 18 September 1926)

(2) The Adventure of the Blanched Soldier(16 October 1926)

(3) The Adventure of the Lion's Mane (27 November 1926)

(4) The Adventure of the Retired Colourman (18 December 1926)

(5)The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger(22 January 1927)

(6) The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place (5 March 1927)

Engtikah nge Sherlock Holmes Copyright a tawp dawn?

Sherlock Holmes ziaktu hi UK mi leh sa a ni, Sherlock Holmes thawnthu hmasa ber a tihchhuah lai hian Copyright nun rei zawng chu a ziaktu damchhung leh kum 7 belh emaw, thuziak chhuah a nih aṭanga kum 42 chhung emaw, chuta a rei zawk zawk chu tih a ni. Kum 1911 khan UK-ah Copyright dan thar siam a ni a, Copyright nun chhung chu a ziaktu damchhung leh kum 50 belh tih a lo ni ta a, kum 1956 leh 1988-a Copyright dan siam ṭhat a nih pawh khan hei hi khawih danglam a ni ta lo a ni. Sir Arthur-a hian kum 1930-ah a lei nun a hmang zova, chuti a nih chuan a thawnthu ziah te damchen chu kum 1980 (1930 +50=1980) Dec 31 a lo ni ta a ni.

Kum 1981 January ni 1-ah chuan Sherlock Holmes chu mipui vantlangte'n an duha an hman theih turin (Public domain) UK-ah chuan a lo awm ta a ; mahse kum 1995 a lo her chhuah leh meuh chuan UK hian a Copyright te nun chhung hi thlak lehin a ziaktu dam chhung leh kum 70 belh a ti leh ta thut mai a. Chutah kum 1981 January ni 1-a thi tawh Sherlock Holmes chu a lo nung leh ta! Kum 2000 (1930 + 70=2000) Dec ni 31 thleng, kum 5 chhung a dam belh leh ta a ni. Kum 2001 January ni 1 a lo thlen chuan UK-ah pawh Sherlock Holmes thawnthu 60 te Copyright chu a thi hlen ve ta a ni! Kan sawi tawh ang khan thawnthu tawi 6 te khi US-ah chhuah hmasak hret an ni a, Copyright nun chhung pawh a chhut dan a lo danglam ta deuh a. Kum 1909-a US Copyright Act chuan thuziak chu registered a nih aṭanga kum 28 a nung phawt ang a, kum 28 dang tihnun leh (renew) theih a ni ang, a ti a. Chutah kum 1978 January ni 1-a Copyright dan thar an hman chuan a tihnun (renew) rei zawng hi kum 47-ah a’n pawtsei leh ta a, chu mai chu la duh tawk lovin kum 1978 hma lama thuziakho nun rei zawng chu 1998-ah Copyright dan thar chuan kum 20 zet a belhsak leh ta a ni. Chuti a nih chuan kum 1927/26-a Sherlock Holmes thawnthu tawi chhuahte chu kum 2022 (1927+28+48+20=2022)-ah an Copyright a tawp chauh dawn tihna a nih tak chu!

He zawhna hi a pawimawh il el hle a, India ram dan tlawhchhanin chhân kan tum dawn a ni. Sherlock Holmes hi India ramah chhuah hmasak a ni lova, ram dang mi kutchhuak liau liau (foreign literary works) a ni tih hre hmasa phawt ang. India chuan Independence hnuah a ma pual liau liaua a duan, the Copyright Act 1957 chu 1958 January thla tawp lamah a hmang ve ṭan a. Siamṭhat zauh zauh tawh niin India ramin Copyright lama kan innghahna ber a ni ta a ni. India hian Inkhawmpui hrang hranga Copyright chungchanga thuthlung a ziahpui ramte chu Inkhawmpuia an lo rel tawh angin chungho rama Copyright nung mekte lo venpui ve dan chu a duang a, chu chu Copyright Act 1957 hnuaia Chapter IX, section 40-naa International Copyright tih thupui hnuaiah a lo ziak a. Ṭhenkhat lo la chhuak ila –

The Central Government may, by order published in the Official Gazette, direct that all or any provisions of this Act shall apply—

(a) to works first published in any territory outside India to which the order relates in

like manner as if they were first published within India;

…

and thereupon, subject to the provisions of this Chapter and of the order, this

Act shall apply accordingly: Provided that—

…

(iii) the order may provide that the term of copyright in India shall not exceed that conferred by the law of the country to which the order relates;

Hetiang deuh hi a ni ang : ‘Central sawrkarin Official Gazette-ah Order tichhuakin he Danpui pumpui emaw, Danpui chhunga dan te-sep ṭhenkhat emawte hi a hnuaia mite tan hian a hman ve theih ang – (a) India ram pawna ram/rambung (territory), Order-in a huama India rama tih chhuah hmasak ber anga ngaih theih ramah te…etc… Chutiang zelin he Chapter leh Order zawm vek chungin …(iii) Ram pawna mi, Copyright a vawn nunsak rei zawng hian a chhuah hmasak berna ramin Copyright nun rei zawng a lo siam tawh chu a pel lovang… tiin Order a chhuah thei ang. (Kan lehchhuah fuh loh takin a sapṭawngin dah a ni)

Hei hian a tihchian tak viau chu ram dang mite kutchhuak Copyright vawng him tur chuan India sawrkarin Order a tihchhuah ngei a ngai dawn tihna a lo ni ta. A tichhuak ve ta ngei reng a, the International Copyright Order 1958 te, the International Copyright Order 1991 te leh the International Copyright Order 1999 te chu mumal takin a lo chhuak ta a ni. Heng International Copyright order-ah te hian Copyright lama India-in thuthlung a ziahpui ram hrang hrang, Inkhawmpui an neihna hmun azirin fel taka ṭhen hrangin ziah lan an ni. Inkhawmpuia an thuthlung ziah dan azirin nung mekte chu Order tichhuakin India ram kutchhuak ang maiin a lo vawnhimsak ve ta a ni.

Chutah Sherlock Holmes chanchin chhuah hmasak berna ram pahnih – UK (Thawnthu 54) leh US (Thawnthu 6) te chu Copyright lama India-in Inkhawmpui a chhimpui zat zat, thuthlung a ziahpui ngei te an lo ni bawk a, heng ram pahnih tea Copyright thuziakte chu India ramah pawh vawnhimsak an lo ni ve ta zel a nih chu. Kan sawi tawh angin UK-ah chuan Sherlock Holmes chu 1981–1995 inkara thi a, chutah kum 1996 aṭanga 2000 Dec 31, kum 5 chhung a lo nung leh a, kum 2001-ah thi lehin vawiin thlengin a la nung leh ta rih loh chu a nih hi. India ramah pawh khitiang khian UK-a thawnthu chhuah hmasak ber thawnthu 54 te chungchang chu a ni ve mai ang. Chutihlaiin US-ah ve thung chuan kum 95 zet an damtir tâk avangin US-a chhuah hmasak ber thawnthu 6 te chu kum 2022 thleng la nung tura ngaihtheih a ni bawk ang. India ramin kan dan hmanah chuan Copyright nun rei zawng hi thu ziaktu damchhung leh kum 60 belh a ni a, India ram dan ngau ngau thlir chuan Sherlock Holmes Copyright chu kum 1990 Dec 31 (1930+60=1990)-a tawp tur ni awm a ni; nimahsela, chhuah a nih hmasak berna ram (Country of first publication) te aia Copyright hi nung rei lo tur zawk tih danah kan neih avangin UK-ah kum 1980 Dec 31-a a lo thih tawh avangin, a lo chhuahna ramin a humhim chen bak chu India ram Dan vek chuan a tinung ta bik lo a ni.

Midang kuthnu, copyright hnuaia seng luh theih, registered emaw, registered loh emaw, Copyright damchhung chuan, ṭawng danga letling turin a Copyright neitu Phalna (permission/license) a ngai ngei a, Copyright Board lam thlenga phalna pawh a ngai tel thei bawk. Copyright awm tawh lo, public domain-a awm tawh a nih erawh chuan miin zalen takin Copyright neitu hmasate hnena phalna lak kher ngai tawh lovin a letling/a chhiar thei tawh ang. Mi thuziak (original work), ṭawng danga  lehlin hi Copyright dan hnuaiah vawnhim vek tho a ni a, thulehlin pawh Original Work-a ngaih tho a ni. Copyright nung lai reng, a neitu phalna nei emaw, nei lo pawha miin ama irawm chhuak ngeia ṭawng danga a lehlin chuan Copyright dan hnuaia venhimsak theih, a letlingtuin Copyright a neihsa nghal a ni. Phalna nei lova a lo letlinga pawisa chawi ngai emaw, Jail tan ngai emaw a nih pawhin a thu lehlin Copyright neitu a nihna a bo chuang lova, chutih laiin mi dang Copyright a bawhchhiat avanga thil inhnukhnawk lo awm thei erawh chu thu dang daih a ni thung. Chutiang bawkin tha leh zung (labour), thiamna bik (skill) leh sum leh pai (capital) senga miin sound recording a tih a, originality a neih phawt chuan Copyright dan hnuaia vawnhimsak vek a ni leh bawk, mi kutchhuak a lo chhiar emaw, a lo sa a nih pawhin chu Sound recording-ah chuan Copyright a nei a ni.

Tam tak chuan ngaihdan kan siam fel der tawh awm e. Sherlock Holmes letlingtu hian UK-a chhuah hmasak thawnthu 54 te hi 1981-1995 chhung emaw, 2000 hnu lama a letling a nih chuan Phalna (permission) a neih a ngai lova, a chhan pawh Public Domain-a hemi chhunga an awm vang a ni. Thawnthu tawi 6, a hming pawh kan tarlan bik, US-a chhuah hmasakte erawh khi phalna a dil ve ngei a ngai ang, Copyright dan mit aṭanga qualified turin. Chutihlaiin phalna a nei emaw, nei lo emaw, a thu lehlin chu a Copyright a ni ngei bawk. Chutah Sherlock Holmes Mizoṭawnga lo chhiartu ve thung erawh hi chuan Mizoṭawnga lehlin tawh Sherlock Holmes, Copyright nung lai leh a letlingtu phalna la hmasa lova a lo chhiar avangin a letlingtu Copyright a bawhchhia a ni. Chutihlaiin tha leh zung, thiamna bik leh sum leh pai senga sound recording ti a nih avangin a chhiartu pawh hian a recording-ah hian Copyright a nei ve bawk ang. Mi dangin a thuchhiarte a phalna la hmasa lova an lo thehdarh a, an lo tidanglam ve deuh a nih phei chuan a duh chuan a um zui ve zar zar thei tawh ang.

Kan sawi ta nual mai. Heng kan ziah zawng zawng hi dan buah kan sawi ang thlip thlep hian a inziak lova, Copyright dan tlawhchhana thil ni thei awm ber tura ngaih an ni a, a ṭhen phei chu a taka la thleng chiah lote pawh a ni bawk ang. Dan ang taka zangnadawmnate nena inkaihnawk tur phei chuan Copyright registration tih a ngai thung ang.