Bible (Thuthlung Thar) hi a Rintlak em?

Bible hi van aṭanga ziah saa leia lo tla a ni lova; Pathianin mihring thinlunga hna thawkin, mihringin a ziah a ni. A ṭhen chu inlârna hmanga Pathian inpuanna mihringin a hmuh ang ang a ziah pawh a ni. Pathian kuta ziah awmchhun chu lungphêka ziah a ni a (Ex 31:18); chu pawh chu Israelte sual avangin Mosia’n a vawm keh daih! (Ex 32:19).

Bible zirna pêng pakhat Textual Criticism aṭangin Thuthlung Thar hi a rintlak em tih kan en dawn a ni. Bible thu pum pui hi mihring ziah a ni a; famkim lo mihring ziah a nih avangin ziah sual palh a awm thei. Tin, vawi tam tak ziah chhawn a nih avângin ziah chhawn laiin tih sual a awm ṭhin. Entir nan, Luka ziah dân chuan Isua ruala suamhmang an khenbeh pahnih zînga pakhat zawk chuan Isua a hau a; a dangin Isua a chhan thung (Lk 23:39-40). Mahse, Matthai leh Marka ziah dân chuan khâng suamhmang pahnihte khân Isua an hau ve ve tlat (Mt 27:44 & Mk 15:32). Hetianga Bible-a a inziah avânga rinna nghîng chu mahni ‘in check-up’ vat a ṭha ang.

Thuthlung Thar bûte hi Koine Grik ṭawnga ziah a ni a. A ziaktuten an ziah hun hi Isua thih aṭanga kum 70 chhûng vêl a ni. An thu ziah hmasak berte (original manuscripts) kha hmuh tûr a awm tawh lo a. Chûng an thuziahte chu vawi tam tak kuta ziah chhâwn a ni a. Chutianga vawi tam tak ziah chhâwn leh zêl aṭanga Thuthlung Thar bûte hi siamchhuah a ni. Thuthlung Thar bu 27-te siam nân hian kutziak (manuscripts) tam tak hman a ni a. Chûng thuziakte chu a inang lo hret hret hlawm bawk. Tin, vawi tam tak ziah chhâwn a lo nih bawk avângin lehkhaziaktuten an ziah sualte pawh a lo awm ve bawk a. Ṭhenkhat chu lehkhaziaktuten an ziah chhâwn laia thu harsa deuh an hrilhfiahte, hriat thiam awlsam zâwk nana ṭawngkam danga awmze ngai reng sia an ziahte (paraphrase) pawh a awm.

Tin, a tira Grik ṭawnga ziah a nih avângin ṭawng dang danga vawi eng emaw zât lehlin chhâwn a ni a. Awmze inang thlapa ṭawng pakhat aṭangin ṭawng dangah lehlin hi thil theih loh tluk a ni. Entir nân, Rev. Prof. L.H. Rawsea chuan, “Mizote pawhin legion-a hi kan buaipui ve zeuh zeuh hun chu kan nei ve a. Kan Bible hman lar (OV) khân, ‘Ka hming chu Nuaia a ni, tia a lehlin laiin, kum 1995-a chhuak, Bible lehlin thar (CL) khân, ‘Ka hming chu Sângruka a ni’ a ti tlat mai a. Sîngkua leh sângli laia a kiam ta mai khân mi a barakhaih deuhva, kan buaipui ve laih a ni. Mahse, kan mi thiamten a ṭawngbul lamah chuan ‘legion’ tih a ni a, chu chu Roman regiment hming a nih thu te, sipai sângruk rual vêl zet sawina a nih thu min han hrilh hnu chuan kan thawm a reh ve leh mai a. ‘Legion’ tih hi Latin thu mal dik tak, Grik ṭawnga ziak a ni a. Latin ṭawnga Legion tih chu Grik ṭawnga a awm ve hran loh avângin chu chu Grik sipel-in Marka hian a ziak ta ngawt a ni” tiin ‘Mittui Far’ tih bu-ah a ziak. Thuthlung Thar textual criticism lama mi thiam Dr Daniel Wallace-a chuan, “Thuthlung Thar manuscript-te hi khawih chingpen (corrupt) a ni nge ni lo tih hi zawhna ni lovin, engtia nasa in nge khawih chingpen a nih tih hi zawhna zâwk chu a ni’ a ti. Hetiang hi a nih avângin mi ṭhenkhat chuan Thuthlung Thar hi rintlâk vak lovah an ngai mai thei.

Thuthlung Thar mi thiam Dr Mike Licona-a a sawidân chuan, September 2013 thleng khânThuthlung Thar kutziak (manuscript) hi Grik ṭawngin 5,838 a awm a; ṭawng dang dang Latin, Syriac, etc ziah belkhâwm manuscript 25,000 aia tam a awm bawk. Tin, kohhran pate khan hêng kutziakte hi vawi maktaduai khat aia tam an thu ziahna hrang hrangah an sawi chhâwng (quote) a ni a ti. Dr Sean McDowell-a, Professor, Biola University chuan Thuthlung Thar pumpui hi tihchhiat vek pawh ni se, châng 11 tih chauh loh chu, hmânlai kohhran pate thu sawi chhâwn (quotes) aṭangin a thar a siam chhuah leh theih ang a ti. Mahse, hei hi Dr. Peter Gurry-a a biangbiaknaah a sawi dân chuan kristian apologist pakhat thusawi a lâk chhâwn a ni thu a sawi. ‘Myth & Mistakes in the New Testament Textual Criticism’ tih lehkhabu ziaktu Dr. Peter Gurry-a chuan,“apologist ten an homework an tih a ngai a nih chu; hmânlai kohhran pate khan Thuthlung Thar thute hi an sawichhâwng nasa hle tih hi a dik a; mahse hei hi chu a dikhlel deuh a ni” a ti.

Manuscript upat dân an chhûtna chu hmânlai kutziak zirna ‘palaeography’ hmangin a ni. Manuscript upat zâwng leh a tam zâwng hian hlutna nasa tak a nei a; mahse a upa nazawng leh a tam nazawng erawh chu an hlu bîk tihna a ni lo. A upat poh leh a ziaktu hmasa berte ziah kha a hnaih zâwk a; tin copy a tam poh leh a dik leh dik loh khaikhin tûr a tam ve thung. Thuthlung Thar manuscript rau rau pawh an upat zâwng leh an len zâwng a inang vek lo. Grik Thuthlung Thar manuscript upa ber chu Chanchin Ṭha Johan bung 18 inziahna, John Rylands Papyrus (P52) an tih chu a ni a; ATM card tiat lek hi a ni; AD 100-150 lai vêla ziah chhâwn ni-a rin a ni. Chumi awmzia chu ChanchinṬha Johana bu ziah hmasak ber (autograph) aṭanga kum 60 vêla ziah tihna a ni. Manuscript tam tak chu hei ai hian an lian zâwk fê a; a tlângpuiin phêk 459 vêl an ni.

Thuthlung Thar bûte hi kum zabi 1-na laia ziah an ni hlawm; chumi awmzia chu Isua thih aṭanga kum 70 vêl chhûng leka ziah an ni tihna a ni. Thuthlung Thar mi thiam Gary Habermas-a chuan I Korinth phei hi chu Isua thih aṭanga kum 25 chhûnga ziah niin a chhût. Tirhkoh Paula’n Korinth mite lehkha a thawnnaah Isua Zirtîrte leh mi dang hnênah Isua inlâr thu a sawi a; chûng mite zînga mi ṭhenkhat chu an la dam thu a sawi. Paula chuan, “Chu mi hnuah chuan unau zanga aia tam hnênah a inlâr leh a, chu mi zînga mi tam zâwk chu tûn thlengin an la dam cheu va, ṭhenkhat erawh chu an muhîl ta a” tiin a sawi (I Kor 16:6-8).

Hmânlai thuziak zînga upat lama Thuthlung Thar manuscript hnaih bertu chu Grik thawnthu Homera ziah ‘Iliad’ leh ‘Odyssey’ te kha a ni. A manuscript chu a thawnthu ziah hmasak ber (original) aṭanga kum 350 vêl hnua ziah chhâwn a ni a; manuscript 2000 vêl a awm. Tin, Alexander the Great kha a thih aṭanga kum 400 vêl hnu-ah a chanchin Roman historian Quintus Curtius Rufusa’n a ziak chauh a; a manuscript hmuh theih hmasa ber phei chu kum zabi 9-na laia mi daih a ni. Hêng manuscript-te hian upat zâwngah chuan Thuthlung Thar manuscript chu khan lo rem rem tak an ni. Tin, manuscript tam lamah Thuthlung Thar hnaih berte chu Homer-a thawnthute khi an ni a; mahse an pahnih inkâr pawh hi a zau hle. Dr Mike Licon-a chuan hmânlai thuziak zîngah Thuthlung Thar nêna khaikhin tlâk tichiangtu (evidence) nei ṭha eng thu leh hla (literature) mah a awm lo a ti.

Sawi tawh ang khan Thuthlung Thar manuscript hi 6,000 vêl a awm tawh a; hmuh belh zêl a ni bawk. Thuthlung Thar manuscript hi a tam avângin a thuziak te pawh inang lo a tam êm êm a. Grik Thuthlung Tharah hian thumal 1,38,000 vêl a awm a. Thuthlung Thar textual criticism mi thiam Dr Bart Ehrman-a chuan, “Thuthlung Thar-a thu mal awm zawng zawng aia tam Thuthlung Thar manuscript-ah hian danglamna (variation) hmuh tûr a awm a ni” a ti. Kum 2013 daih tawh khân Dr Mike Licona-a chuan hêng Grik Thuthlung Thar manuscript zînga thu inang lo awm zât a sawi chu 3,00,000 – 4,00,000 vêl a ni. Chumi aṭanga kum 5 hnu, kum 2018 khân Dr Daniel Wallace-a chuan Thuthlung Thar manuscript-a inanlohna (variation) awm chu 5,00,000 vêl a nih thu leh manuscript pahnih thuziak inang chiah chiah pakhat mah a awm loh thu a sawi. Mahse, hêng danglamna tam tak hi chu thurin tibuai miah lo–spelling dik lo te, a grammar dik lo te, thu mal awmze inang hman te, etc an ni a ti. Dr Mike Licona-a vêkin, “Hêng manuscript-a inanlohna 3,00,000 – 4,00,000 aṭanga zaa pakhat aṭanga sâwma pakhat (1/10 of 1%) chauh hi awmze nei leh hmantlâk (meaningful & viable) a ni; a tira thu chu a vai deuh thaw, 99.99% chu a thianghlim a ni” a ti. Dr Daniel Wallace-a chuan Thuthlung Thar manuscript rintlâkzia chu 99% a ni a ti ve bawk. Dr Daniel Wallace-a chuan Pathian awm ring lo Dr Bart Ehrman-a nêna inhnialna (debate) an neih pawhin an thu khel chu hêng 99% chhûnga mi hi ni lovin, chu mi aṭanga la bâng 1% chhûnga mi-ah pawh, hmun sâwma ṭhena hmun khat leh a chanve (1.5/10 of 1%) chhûnga mi a ni” a ti. Hêng aṭanga lang chiang êm êm chu Bible (Thuthlung Thar) hi a rintlâk tak zet tih hi a ni.

(He article hi Isua hi Tunge?–by Ralhmingthanga tih lehkhabu aṭanga lâk chhuah leh siamrem hret a ni.)

- Ralhmingthanga MSS, Bvt