UCC chungchanga Constituent Assembly leh tunlai ngaihdan

Prime Minister Modi’an tunhnai maia MP-a thu a sawi hmangin Uniform Civil Code chu tun an sawrkar chhung ngei hian Parliament ah an pharh ngei dawn niin a lang. He hi BJP manifesto tih puitlin tumna kawng pawimawh tak a ni dawn a. Inthlanpui apianga an lo tiam ṭhin a nih avangin BJP tan chuan thil tih awm tak pawh a ni. A bikin an vote hmuhna tam ber Hindu sakhua zuitute tih lungawina hmanrua atana tih a ni ber niin mi tam tak chuan an ngai bawk a ni. Chuvangin, BJP leh a thawhpui party tan chuan Hindu sakhaw bia vote hui leh theih nan chuan, kum 2024 inthlanpui hma ngeia UCC hi Parliament in hnih pawmpuina lak hman hi tihmakmawh a tih theih awm e. Chutiang bawkin India ram Hindu Sakhua pawlte tan chuan UCC hi India ram puma hman a nih chuan an sakhua chawilenna hmanrua ṭha niin a lang bawk. Hei tak hi sakhua tlem zawk leh hnam tlem zawkten UCC an dona chhan ber niin a lang.

UCC hi a tir aṭangin inhnialna a tamin, India Danpui siam a nih aṭangin vawiin thleng hian UCC ṭantu, dotu leh siam ṭhat duh an awm zel a nih hi! A bikin India Danpui siam ṭhat laia Constituent Assembly ah UCC chungchanga an inhnialna (debates) ah bawk khan kan let leh dawn avangin han thailang ila a ṭha awm e.

Muslim member ten an duh lo: Constituent Assembly ah hian UCC hi November 23, 1948 khan Constituent Assembly (CA)-ah sawiho a ni a. Hemi niah hian CA President a awm loh avangin Vice President-in a kaihruai a ni. Ambedkar-a chair-na hnuaia Drafting Committee in UCC hi Article 35-naah CA ah an pharh a ni. Heti hian a inziak, “The State shall endeavour to secure for citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.”. Pharh a nih rualin Muslim member-te chuan siam ṭhat (amendment) an rawt nghal a ni. Muslim hruaitu hlun, Madras lam mi Mohamad Ismail Sahib chuan a hnuaia mi ang hian thu dah belh a rawt a ni.

“Provided that any group, section or community of people shall not be obliged to give up its own personal law in case it has such a law”.

Muslim member-te ngaihdanah chuan ‘personal law’ hi fundamental right hnuaia mi, khawih danglam theih loh leh court pawhin a humhimsak a ni. Chu mai bakah personal law hi an sakhua leh an hnam dan nena inlaichinna thûk tak nei a nih avangin UCC hi mi zawng zawng tan a nihna ang ngau ngaua hman hi a him loh thu an sawi uar hle a ni. Muslim Member-ten ṭanchhan bera an neih chu India Danpui Article 19 in a pek ‘Sakhua zalenna’ palzutna a ni tih leh ‘secular’ ram tan a him lo an ti bawk. Chu bakah, hnam hrang hrang leh sakhua hrang hrang biaten India hi an din a ni a (unity in diversity), chumi thaichhiatna angah an ngai bawk a ni. Naziruddin Ahmad-a phei chuan UCC hi hman a nih dawn chuan a hmangtu turten dan ang thlapin an pawmpuina lak hmasak ni rawh se, tih lam hawiin Article 35 (44) ah thubelh siam a rawt bawk a ni.

Hindu member-ten an thlawp: Chutih laiin, Hindu member-te erawh chuan UCC hi draft ang taka Constitution-a dah luh mai hi a him thu leh, a bikin hnam hnuaihnung zawk leh hmeichhhiate, chawisanna leh mi dangte ang bawka an dikna chanvo humhalhna tur a nih thuin an ṭang tlat a. A bikin Fundamental Right siamtute zinga mi K. M. Munshi chuan khawtlang siam ṭhatna dan ‘secular’ lam hawi chu Article 19 hian a dan/khap theih loh thu a sawi a. Chutiang bawkin Ambedkar-a pawhin UCC hi chu Fundamental Rights hnuaia sakhaw zalenna nen a inkalh loh thu a sawi nghe nghe a ni. K.M. Munshi-a hian a Hindu rilru a rawn phawrh nge ni, Muslim member-te a chhannaah, khawvel hmun danga Muslim ramte pawhin hnam tenau emaw sakhaw tlem zawkte avangin an ram puma hman tur Civil Code siam an ṭhulh phah loh thu a sawi. Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar pawhin hmanlai dan ṭangkai tawh lo hian awmzia a nei lo va, India hi pumkhatah siam a ngaih tawh thu sawiin, Hindu Code pawh hi Hindu dan chauh hmanga siam a nih loh thu leh, chutiang bawkin Succession Act pawh hi Roman leh English ho aṭanga lak a nih thu a sawi. Ayyara hian Muslim member-te hnenah chuan, ram puma hman tur criminal law British-in a siam khan ngati nge an do loh, tih a zawt bawk a ni. Sawi zelin, Ayyara chuan he dan hian eng sakhua mah a va tih buai loh tur leh sakhua lian ber (Hindu) chauhin a hun mil zela inthlak an duh thu mak ti awm takin a sawi.

Dr. Amberkar-a ngaihdan: Drafting Committee Chairman a nihna angin Amberkar-a chuan UCC ziak dan chu tih danglam a duh lo a ni. Ambedkar-a ngaihdan chuan India ram pumah dan tam tak inang tlanga (Uniform) hman deuh vek a nih tawh thu rawn sawiin, Civil Law hnuaiah inneihna leh rokhum (marriage & succession) chauh hi ang khata (uniform) hman a nih loh avangin, chumi siam ṭha tur chuan UCC hi a pawimawh a ti a ni. Chutihlai erawh chuan, Ambedkar-a UCC hi tu chungah mah khua leh tui (citizen) a nih avang maia hman luihtir a nih dawn loh avangin Muslim member-te chu hlauthawng lo turin a chah a. Hun lo la kal zel turah pawh UCC-in a huam tur chu a hmang duhtute tan chauh Parliament chuan dan a siam thei a ni tiin a chah zui a ni.

Ambedkara’n thu a sawi zawh hian Assembly Vice President chuan vote lain, UCC siam danglam rem tih a ni lo a, India danpui hnuaia Directive Principal of State Policy huangah hun lo la kal zel tura a ṭul anga hma lak zui a nih theih nan dah a ni ta a ni.

Secular Vs Communal : Constituent Assembly ah khan Tribal hruaitu emaw Christian hruaitute'n engmah an sawi lo kha chu thil mak tak a ni awm e. Muslim member-te ṭanhmun kan en chuan, UCC hi an do ngawr ngawr bikin a lang lo. Amaherawhchu, India aṭanga Pakistan inlak hran hlim, Muslim tam takin Pakistan kal ai chuan India-a cham zui an thlan laia UCC lo hman khan, an mi leh sa leh Muslim pawl-te ah nghawng ṭha lo zawk a chhuak thei tih an hria a ni.

Chuvangin UCC hi hman a nih pawhin ‘tih luihna ni lovin ni rawh se’ tih kha an thu ken ber a ni. Chutih laiin, Hindu member-te hi an khawtlangah leh ram inrelbawlnaah sulsutu, an Hindu dan ṭha lo a bikin hnam hnuaihnung (SC, ST, etc.) leh hmeichhiate rahbehna aṭanga khaichhuah nan UCC hi hman an duh thu an tlang aupui a ni. Mahse thil chiang tak he CA inhnialnaa lang chu, member-te hian sakhua inthliarna emaw chi leh chi inthliarna (communal) lam hawi zawngin tu ma'n thu an sawi lo a ni. Hei tak hi tun dinhmuna BJP kaihhruai sorkar nen a inang lohna niin mi tam takin an ngaih chu a ni. BJP-in an vote hmuhna bulpui ber Hindu-ho tih lungawi nan UCC hmanruaa hman a tum tlat si chuan, sakhua tlem zawkte tan chuan theih ang ang do mai loh chu hmalak dan vak a awm lo a ni. Kan hriat ve tur erawh chu Hindu-ho zawng zawng hian an pawmpui bik lo tih hi a ni. Pawmpui vek se chuan BJP ni lo, party dang tan do ngam chi a ni lo.

Buan a hma kherh: UCC hi eng amah hmain hnam tenau leh sakhua tlem zawkten an kherh a ngai a ni. Do emaw siam danglam tura nawr hunlai tak pawh a ni awm e. Law Commission hian eng tin tak nge UCC hi a rawn duan dawn, Parliament-ah engtin nge rawn pharh a nih ang tih hi zawhna tam ber a ni awm e.

Tun hnaiah phei chuan BJP sorkar leh an sawngawi zawnpui RSS duh dan pawh eng emaw chen a inmil thei lo niin a lang. BJP chhung ngeiah pawh duh lo leh hun la ti hrih lo an awm ṭhuah mai, chu'ng zingah chuan Mizoram BJP pawh hi an tel ngei ang. Tun nipui ṭhutkhawmah hian Parliamnet-ah pharh turin Opposition lam zawk hi ruling party-te ai mah hian an inring zawk nite pawh hian a lang. Lok Sabha-ah tlang mah se, Rajya Sabha-a NDA lam hian majority an neih loh avangin thlawptu dang an zawn a ngai dawn a, an duhkhawp an inhmu kher ang em? Tunah chuan rinthu mai lo chuan kal a harsa. Chutih laiin, a chhe thei ber tur a dawn loh theih bawk lo a ni. Chuvangin, Law Commission ah pawh pawl leh mi mal angina rawtna leh ngaihdan ziakin an thehlut mawlh mawlh a, July ni 11 thleng kha chuan chhanna (response) nuai 46 Law Commission hian an hmu tling ṭep tawh a ni.

Siam danglama (amendment) kal tlangpui a nih a rinawm: Pu Modi kaihhruai NDA sorkarah hian an duh tawh chu engtin emaw ni an kaltlangpui zel mai a nih hi. Entirna ṭha tak chu CAB/CAA kha a ni awm e. CAB ang tho khan RSS leh BJP hruaitu ṭhenkhat chuan North East State zinga Sixth Schedule leh ILP hmannate chu UCC huamtir loh ṭha an tih thu an sawi ve bawk a ni. India pum pui ang zawng pawhin Tribal te hi huamtir loh RSS hnuaia tribal pawl Akhil Bharatiya Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram (ABVKA) chuan an duh a ni. BJP tan pawh ABVKA dan hi hnualsuat ngawt theih a nih lohna chu, 2019 Lok Sabha inthlanpuiah khan Tribal seat 47-ah BJP-in 31 an la phak a ni. Kumina State inthlang tur Chattisgarh, Rajasthan leh Madhya Pradesh ah te hian tribal an tam avangin BJP tan pawh tribal pawlte duh dan hi ngaih pawimawh a ngai hle dawn niin a lang. Chutiang bawkin Christian organization tam tak leh Christian tamna State-ten Christian sakhua zuitute pawh UCC huamtir loh turin an ngen bawk a ni. Chuvangin, UCC hi a nihna ang ngau ngau, siam danglam (amend) loh, chuan Parliament ah NDA sorkar hian a put luh a rinawm loh a ni. Ambedkara’n Constituent Assembly-a a lo sawi angin, UCC hi tun sorkar hian a lo kaltlangpui a nih pawhin tu hnam leh sakhua kalh zawngin tih luih ni lo se, chu chuan India ram kan inunauna leh pumkhatna pawh a tinghet lehzualin a rinawm.

Mizo-te leh UCC: Mizoram Sorkar leh Pawl lian zawng zawng deuh thaw, Kohhran tiamin, UCC an duh lohna an tiri tawh, Law Commission ah pawh an duh dan (Duh lohna thu) an thlen tawh a ni. Kan duh lo chung min barh luih pawh tum mah se, Article 317G-a inziak angin, State kan nih aṭanga chhiarin, ‘Mizo-te sakhua, khawtlang nun, hnam dan leh ram neih leh inrochun’ chungchang bikah chuan Parliamnet dan siamte hi Mizoram Assembly-in a pawmpui loh chuan UCC hi a hman theih dawn loh a ni. Mahse, thil kan ngaihtuah tel ngai ta chu, Article 371G hi Mizo hnam tan chiaha siam a ni a, Mizorama cheng Mizo ni lo chu UCC hian a huam dawn tihna a ni mai lawm ni? Chu bakah, Mizoram hi UCC hian huam lo mah se, Mizo hmun danga (UCC in a huamna State) chengte tan eng tia awm tur nge ni ta ang? UCC hnuaiah an awm mai dawn tihna em ni ang? Chutiang zelin, Mizo zingah pawh kristian sakhua ni loten UCC hi hman duh tlat ta se, State Assembly hian anni tan chauh UCC hi a pawm thei ang em?

Chuvangin, UCC hi hetia han ngaihtuah a, sawi liam puat ai hian thil a khirh hle dawn niin a hriat a. Chik lehzuala ngaihtuah a, thuk zawkin zir tum ila. Keimahni Mizo bil chauh inhumhim ngawr ngawr tum mai lovin, India ram dung leh vanga UCC hman avanga an hnam dan leh an sakhua a nghawng tur hnamte nen hian ṭanho dan kawng zawn hi a ngai tak meuh meuh a ni. A bikin kan tribal-puite leh sakhaw tlem zawkte nen thu khat kan vuak a pawimawh hle awm e.

Vawiin niah hian Muslim te hi thlur bik an nih chuan, hun lo la kal turah chuan Kristian te tan a him chuang lo. Mizote hi India ramah a pawng ataka bet ve mai kan ni lo tih hi hriat thar leh a ṭha awm e. India Danpui hmanga kan ram leh hnam leh sakhuate vawnhim a nih dawn avang chuahin India ram state pakhat kan ni ve a ni. Kan inhumhinna kulhpui ṭhiah tumna reng reng chu kan do tlat tur a ni dawn lawm ni.

- Dr. Joseph K Lalfakzuala, Govt. T. Romana College