2023 NATIONAL MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX (MPI) THLIRNA

MPI chu eng nge?

Hriselna (health), zirna (education) leh chhungkaw khawsak dinhmun (standard of living) tehfunga hmanga ram mipuite retheihna (poverty) nasat leh nasat loh tehna hi Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) tih a ni a. Kil hrang hrang tehkhawng (indicator) 12 hmanga teh a nih avangin ‘multidimensional’ tih a ni.

Hriselna hian tehkhawng 3 a nei a. Nutrition (Naupang kum 5 hnuai lam/hmeichhia kum 15-49 inkar/mipa kum 15-54 inkar te’n eitur ṭha an ei leh ei loh), Child-Adolescent Mortality (Kum 5 chhunga naupang/tleirawl/rawlthar kum 18 hnuai lam thih tam leh tam loh) leh Maternal Health (Nuin a rai lai leh nau a hrin hnu kum 5 chhunga enkawlna leh mithiam puihna a dawn ṭhat leh ṭhat loh).

Zirna hian tehkhawng pahnih a nei a. Years of Schooling (Kum 10 chung lam pawl 4 pass awm lohna chhungkaw awm leh awm loh) leh School Attendance (High School kal rual, pawl 8 zir thleng lo emaw, pass lo awm leh awm loh).

Chhungkaw khawsak dinhmun hian tehkhawng 7 a nei a. Cooking Fuel (Ek, hnim ro, thingtuah, meihawl, lungalhthei, etc hmanga chhungkuain eirawng an bawl leh bawl loh), Sanitation (Chhungkuain inthiarna mumal an neih leh neih loh, an neih pawhin chhungkaw dang nen an inṭawm leh inṭawm loh), Drinking Water (Chhungkuain ban phak maia tui thianghlim in tur an neih leh neih loh emaw, ban phak maia a awm loh pawhin, a lo berah kal lam leh haw lam minute 30 hun hmanga tui thianghlim in tur an neih leh neih loh), Electricity (Chhungkuain kawlphetha hman tur an neih leh neih loh), Housing (Chenna in ṭha neih leh neih loh leh chenna in hmanraw themlem leh tlo leh tlo loh), Assets (Chhungkua, car emaw, truck emaw nei lo leh he’ng zinga pakhat bak neih leh neih loh – radio, TV, telephone, computer, ran tawlailir, thirsakawr, motorbike, fridge) leh Bank Account (Chhungkaw member pakhat talin bank account emaw, post office account an neih leh neih loh).

He’ng tehkhawng hrang hrang hmanga survey beih a nih hnuah, ram mipui zawng zawng zat aṭanga za zela chhutin a lu nungin mi eng zah nge rethei awm? (Head Count Ratio or HCR), eng tiang chiaha rethei nge an nih? (Intensity of Poverty or IoP) chhut a nih hnuah, HCR leh IoP hi puntirin (multiply) MPI hi chhut a ni.

Kan ram – Mizoram dinhmun

National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) 2015-2016 leh National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) 2019-2021 aṭanga chhutin kan ram – Mizoram dinhmun, State leh UT dangte nena khaikhinna han en ila.

Kum 2015-2016 khan tehkhawng hrang hrang 12 hmanga teha ram mipui zawng zawng zat aṭanga za zela chhuta a lu nunga mi rethei nei tam ber chu Bihar a ni a. Jharkhand khuan dinhmun chhia 2-na a hauh a, Uttar Pradesh khu 3-na. Kerala dinhmun a ṭha ber a, MPI-ah an changkang ber. Puducherry khuan dinhmun ṭha 2-na a hauh a, Lakshadweep khu 3-na a ni. India ram State, UT, NCT zawng zawng 36 zingah Mizoram dinhmun a ṭha viau, 12-na kan hauh. Hmar chhak State zingah Sikkim dinhmun a ṭha ber a, Mizoram hi 2-na kan ni; Tripura-in 3-na a hauh. Mizoram kan che ṭha viau mai a; thil lawmawm tak a ni.

Kum 2019-2021 khan tehkhawng hrang hrang 12 hmanga teha ram mipui zawng zawng zat aṭanga za zela chhuta a lu nunga mi rethei nei tam ber chu Bihar bawk! Bihar dinhmun hi chhe viau mah se, 51.89% aṭangin 33.76%-ah an dinhmun an siamṭha thei tlat thung. Jharkhand khuan dinhmun chhia 2-na a hauh leh a, Meghalaya khu 3-na. Kerala dinhmun a ṭha leh ber. Goa a rawn lawr zawt a, dinhmun ṭha 2-na a rawn hauh. Puducherry a tawlh hrut a, 3-na a la ni pha. India ram State, UT, NCT zawng zawng 36 zingah Mizoram dinhmun a la ṭha viau a, 14-naah kan tawlh thla; ṭan lak a ngai. Hmar chhak State zingah Sikkim dinhmun a ṭha leh ber a, Mizoram hi 2-na kan la ni; Manipur-in 3-na a hauh. Mizoram kan la che ṭha viau mai a, 9.78% aṭangin 5.30%-ah kan dinhmun kan siamṭha. India ram hmar chhak State zingah mai ni lo, India ram pumah pakhatna nih kan tum ang a; Manipur hi kan hnungah an awm zar zar tur a ni.

Kan dinhmun ṭhat leh ṭhat loh hi ram hruaitu (rorelna vawnfung chelhtu leh eptu pawl), sorkar hnathawk leh ram mipuiteah a innghat. Kan ṭan rual chuan 1-na kan ni thei. Kan ṭanrual loh a, ram leh hnam kan hmangaih loh chuan khutah kan tla thla duai duai thei bawk. Mizoram leh Mizo hnam hian ṭan kan lak tak tak a hun e.

Mizoram chhung bik thlirna

Kum 2015-2016-a kan HCR kha 9.78% a ni a, kum 2019-2021-a kan HCR kha 5.30% a ni. 4.48%-in hma kan sawn. Kum 2015-2016-a kan IoP kha 47.42% a ni a, kum 2019-2021-a kan IoP kha 45.62% a ni. 1.80%-in hma kan sawn. Kum 2015-2016-a kan MPI kha 0.046 a ni a, kum 2019-2021-a kan MPI kha 0.024 a ni. Kan index hian 0.022-in hma a sawn tihna a ni.

Kan zokhua (rural) dinhmun kan thlir chuan, kum 2015-2016-a kan HCR kha 20.45% a ni a, kum 2019-2021-a kan HCR kha 10.77% a ni. 9.68%-in hma kan sawn. Kum 2015-2016-a kan IoP kha 47.95% a ni a, kum 2019-2021-a kan IoP kha 45.86% a ni. 2.09%-in hma kan sawn. Kum 2015-2016-a kan MPI kha 0.098 a ni a, kum 2019-2021-a kan MPI kha 0.049 a ni. Kan rural index hian 0.049-in hma a sawn tihna a ni.

Kan khawpui (urban/notified town) dinhmun kan thlir chuan, kum 2015-2016-a kan HCR kha 1.40% a ni a, kum 2019-2021-a kan HCR kha 0.58% a ni. 0.82%-in hma kan sawn. Kum 2015-2016-a kan IoP kha 41.39% a ni a, kum 2019-2021-a kan IoP kha 41.68% a ni. 0.29%-in kan hnung tawlh. Ṭan lak hret a ngai. Kum 2015-2016-a kan MPI kha 0.006 a ni a, kum 2019-2021-a kan MPI kha 0.002 a ni. Kan urban index hian 0.004-in hma a sawn tihna a ni.

HCR, IoP leh MPI-ah hian percentage (%) leh index hniam apiang a ṭha a, a sang apiang a ṭha lo tih hrethiam ila. Kan ram dinhmun hi han thlir ila, khawpui mite aiin zokhaw mite hi nasa taka kan ngaihsak a, kan tehkhawng sawi tak hmang hian lei rem an rah theih nan theihpatawp kan chhuah a ṭul tak meuh a ni.

NFHS-4 (2015-2016) leh NFHS-5 (2019-2021) te hi Mizoramin District 11 a neih hma an ni a. District hrang hrang dinhmun kan en chuan, kum 2015-2016 khan District mipuite dinhmun ṭhat dan indawt chu hetiang hi a ni – Aizawl District (1-na), Serchhip District (2-na), Kolasib District (3-na), Champhai District (4-na), Lunglei District (5-na), Siaha District (6-na), Mamit District (7-na), Lawngtlai District (8-na). Kum 2019-2021 khan District mipuite dinhmun ṭhat dan indawt chu hetiang hi a ni – Aizawl District (1-na), Champhai District (2-na), Serchhip District (3-na), Lunglei District (4-na), Kolasib District (5-na), Siaha District (6-na), Mamit District (7-na), Lawngtlai District (8-na). Lawngtlai District, Mamit District leh Siaha District hi zir chian an ngai hle mai.

[Source : INDIA NATIONAL MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX :: A PROGRESS REVIEW 2023; NITI Aayog, 2023 in collaboration with United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI). He thu ziaktu hian Director, Economics & Statistics mawhphurhna a chelh mek a ni].

- B. Lalrinhlua, Armed Veng