SAWHTHING - KUT HNA THAWKTUTE ṬHIAN

Sawhthing (Zingiber officinale) hi kum tin thlai, daihlim duh chi (shade loving plant) a ni a; Aidu, Aieng, Ailaidum, Alaichi adt. nen Zingiberaceae chhungkuaa awm an ni a; South East Asia rama awm ṭan nia ngaih a ni. Sawhthing hi Latin Gingiber; Greek Zingiberes; France Gingibre/Gingembre aṭanga lo kal a ni a, India ramah hian Middle East leh Mediterranian ram aṭanga lo kalin, kum zabi 1-naah a lo awm tawha ngaih a ni.

India hi khawvel ram danga sawhthing thawnchhuak tam berte zinga 7-na a ni a; khawvela thar tam ber a ni thung. A dawtah Nigeria, China, Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand, Cameroon, Pakistan. India rama tharchhuak tam ber chu Madhya Pradesh a ni a, a dawtah Kerala, Karnataka, Assam, West Bengal leh Odhisa te an ni. India hmarchhakah chuan Meghalaya leh Mizoramin an thar tam ber a, a dawtah Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur leh Tripura te an ni.

A ram leilung leh boruak ngeih zawng: Mizoram ang lei thawl, ruah tui luan tlang zung zung theihnaah a ṭha duh ber a. Ram lum, puallawi ram leh ram vawtah pawh a ṭha thei vek a, kan ram ang ram lum leh puallawi leh ram vawt ft. 200-5000 thlengin a ṭha thei a, khaw lum zawng 20C - 30C chu ṭha bera ngaih a ni. Sawhthing hi lin tirhin ruah sur seng seng a mamawh a, a hnu lamah chuan ruah tui tam tawk tak a mamawh thung. A lei thur zawng chu 6-6.5pH vel a ni. Mizoram lei hi a tlangpuiin a thur a, ramngaw pangngaiah 4-5.5pH vel a ni a, thing leh mau inpawlh leh thlawhbuaah 5-7pH vel a ni a. Kan ram hi, tlang sang leh awih pang tih lohah chuan sawhthing lin theihna vek a ni.

Sawhthing seng hun: Sawhthing hi ruah tui tlak dan azirin April leh May thla tir lam hi a lin hun a ni tlangpui a, a puitlin hun chhung hi thla 8-10 bawr vel a ni. Ruahtui tlak dan azirin, a kum leh February-March-May thlengin a seng (harvest) theih a (Kumin 2023 hian Sialhawkah chuan May thla thlengin an seng a ni). A hnah vuai ro rap thleng hi a hlàwk lai bera ngaih a ni.

Sawhthing chi (variety): Sawhthing chi (variety) hrang hrang a awm a. National Agriculture Science Complex New Delhi chuan chi (variety)-2, Kapurkot-1 leh Kapurkot-2 a siam a. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut chuan a chi thar Varada a siam a, tha hrui (fibre ) 3.2% a awm a. Ginger Development Centre, Umsniang, Meghlaya-ah Naida variety-ah chuan tha hrui (fibre) 4.2% a awm (Yadav,et at.2004).

India hmarchhakah hian chi (variety) hrang hrang a awm a. Chungte chu Assam-ah Bola ada, Moran ala, Jatia ala. Arunachal Pradesh-ah Keki leh Basar local. Manipur-ah Naga shing (ginger) leh Thingpui.Meghalaya-ah Shing Bhoi leh Khasi local. Khasi Shing Bhukir hi medicinal ginger a ni. Nagaland-ah Vichii, Nadia leh Nagaland local. Sikkim-ah Bhaise, Gorubathane, Jorethange, Nangrey leh Majhauley te an ni. Manipur Naga shing hi hem ro atan a ṭha a; tin, aroma/oleoresin a pai tam bawk. Mizoram sawhthing chu Thinglaidum, Thingpuidum, Thingria leh Thingpui te an ni.

India rama sawhthing chi ṭha ber chu Meghalaya Ing Makhir/Shing Bukhir a ni a, dawmdawi atan pawh a ṭha bera ngaih a ni bawk. Aiengah hian Shillong aieng Lakadong hi khawvela ṭha bera ngaih a ni a, curcumin 6.8-7.5% a awm a; Reiek Aieng-ah curcumin 4.5% vel a awm (Roluahpuii Ralte and Bernice Ekhe,2022).

Sawhthing - Mizoram tan a pawimawhna

Sawhthing hi India ram tan chauh pawh ni lovin khawvel ram tin tan thlai pawimawh ber berte zinga mi a ni a, Mizoram tan pawh a ni. Mizorama kan resource neih ṭhat ber chu Agriculture & horticulture (thlai leh thei) hi a ni a;oil leh industry lian sawi tur kan la nei lo. Heti khawpa thlai chi hrang hrang ṭhat duhna ram leilung kan nei chunga tun thlenga kan la intodelh thei lo hi thil kal fuh tawk lo khawii emaw laiah a awm a ni ngei ang a, zawn chhuah a ṭul khawp mai.

Mizoramah hian kut hnathawka ei zawng hi za sawm ruk (60%) aia tam kan ni a. Kan eizawnna lian ber huan-lo-ram neih (Agri.& Allied Sector) a ni a, chu chu 25.93% a ni. Industry sector-ah 26%; Service sector hi 48.06% a ni (Economic Survey of Mizoram 2021-2022,p.7). Ram buai hnu leh State kan nih hnu kum 20+36=56 chhunga Central chakna 90% ring chunga kan la intodelh thei lo hi thil lungchhiatthlak tak a ni a, kut hna thawktute an la bet reng a ni!
Zoram mipui tan Sawhthing ṭhat em emna chhan chu, Zofate rilrem zawng takin kum 1 pawh tling lo, thla 8-10 chhungin a thar theih hi a ni a. Kum kal tawh zawng zawngah khan a hralhna mumal a awm hleih theih loh avangin farmer-te ṭhian ṭha ber ni thei hi, farmer-te tilungngaitu a ni fo ṭhin a ni. Kumin hian vanneihthlak takin a hralhna rate a ṭha a, May thla thleng khan Sialhawk-ah chuan kg 1 @Rs. 199/- bawr velin an hralh a, farmer-ten an hausakpui awk reng a ni! An lawmpuiawm khawp mai. Hliappuiah pawh kg 1@ Rs.55/-in an hralh a ni.

Sawhthing lin hian environment a tichhia em?

Eng emaw chen chu tichhe thei e. A chhan chu, lei chung hang ruah surin a len bo (soil erosion) ṭhin a ni; tin, a hmun ngaiah a lin nawn theih tawh loh bawk a. Chutih rualin, environment chhe tur ven theih dan kawng a awm tih hi hriat tel ve a ngai a ni.
Sawhthing hi daihlim thlai (shade loving plant) a ni a. Chuvangin, a linna hmuna soil erosion ven nan thlai dang nen, entir nan anṭam, vaimin, balhla, bekang, hmarcha adt. chin pawlh (intercrop) theih a ni a. Chutianga thlai dangte nena chin pawlh chuan sawhthing bakah thlai dang a seng theih a (double cropping/harvesting), a hlawk zawk bawk a ni. Chu bakah, sawhthing seng hnuah thlai dang chingin lei a tih ṭhat leh theih bawk a. Thlai leh hnim ilote chu lei chungah chapin (mulching) lei a tiṭha leh thei a ni.

Phai zau (leilet leh hmun zawl)-ah chuan harsatna a awm lutuk lo ang a. Zo zau (tlangram lo neihna hmun)-ah erawh chuan lei luang ral tur dan nan changkham emaw, changdawl emaw siamin, sawhthing linna tur lei chhun pawnah (ridges) emaw, Zo-terrace siamin a lin theih a. Lei chhun pawn/changdawl leh Zo-terrace lei chu a luan liam vek loh nan, changkham hmangin a dawl theih a. Changkham atan hian thing leh mau emaw, lung emaw, thlai dang phun/chinin a dawl theih a ni. Sawhthing linna Zo-terrace-ah chuan thlai leh hnim, hnah ro ilo chapin (mulching) sawhthing chu a kum 2-naah chuan a lin leh theih a ni. Hetianga Lo-huan neih hian a tum chu, insawn insawn ngai lova lo nghet (permanent farming/semi-permanent farming system) tinzawna huan-lo-ram neih a ni.

Prof. Ramakrishnan leh a thawhpuite chuan NE region-a lo neih dan an zir chiannaah, tlangram lo neih hi kum 8-10 a len chuan ram chu a lo tui (restore) leh hman tawh a ni tih an finfiah a. Lo chu semi-permanent a nih chuan, Zo zau (cluster) chu kum 8-10 hnuah insawn pawh ni se, kum 8-10 chhung chuan a lo tui hman leh tawh a. Hetiang hian environment tichhe lutuk lovin a ven theih a ni. Kum tina insawn zel ai chuan kum 8-10 cycle lo neih chu a ṭha daih zawk a ni.

Tin, sawhthing lin avanga ram chhe vek nghal tura ngaih (idealogy) hi a dik lo a. Kan pi leh pute aṭangin tun thlengin kum tin tlang ram lo neiin an insuan kual reng a, an eizawnna a ni miau a, dem thu cheng lo. Kum za tam chutianga tih dana an lo neih tawh chu sawhthing kum 2/1 lin avanga environment chhe rup tura ngaih hi a dik zan lo a; sawhthing sawisel duh vang hrim hrim a nih si loh chuan!

Mizoram tan, a bik takin kut hna thawka ei zawngte tan sawhthing hi a ṭhat em emna chu a seng hun chhung a rei lo a, thlai dang nen a chin pawlh theih a, soil erosion ven dan kawng a awm a, a man (rate) a chhiat kum a nih loh phawt chuan, kut hna thawka ei zawngten lei rem an rah ve theihna tur leh, an lo hausak ve theihna tur hnuk tawi ber a ni thei tlat a; farmer-te ṭhian ṭha ber a lo ni reng thei a ni!

Amaherawhchu, Samdala anga dawngdah taka a rah tla (sem) ringawt lo nghah chu a tih chi hauh loh ang a; taima taka hna thawh erawh a ngai dawn a ni (Gen.3:17b;Thuf.28:20; Mt.10:10; 2 Theso.3:10). A man hresa lek phei chuan, Zopa tawh phawt chuan hna thawh an hreh lo tawp ang, an thawh rah an seng dawn tawh avangin. A tifuh vek vek chuan an hausakpui lawih ve thei tawh ang a, farmer revolution a thleng thei hial ang!

Heng bakah hian sawhthing hi damdawi ṭha tak a ni a. Hrawk na, awm na- khawizu nena pawlhin, khuh leh hritlangah te, chaw pai ṭawih nan te, cancer leh zun thlumah te, thin na, hnar thi, kaw puar, thisen tithianghlimtu, ei sual, motor ruih leh naupai lu hai leh pum naah te, chaw hmeh ilo atan leh sahbawn tih rimtui nan te, thingpuiah te, ginger wine-ah te, cosmetic chi hrang hrangah te a hman theih a ni.

References:
1. Roluahpuii Ralte and Bernice Ekhe,2022.Major spices of NER of India:A review.The Pharma Innovation,11(10):437-445.
2. Yadav R.K.,Yadav D.S.;N.Rai,S.K.Sanwal and P.Sarma, Horti.Div.ICAR NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya. ENVIS Bulletin:Himalayan Ecology,12(2),2004.

- Prof . H. Lalramnghinglova