TUALCHHUNG SORKAR (MIPUI RORELNA BULTHUT) - I Village Council leh Local Council tobul

India danpui hi India rama dan leh thuneihna hrang hrangte lo chhuahna hnar, innghahna leh tehfung ber a ni a. Central leh State sorkar inrelbawl dan tur te duangin thuneihna insem dan te siamin an thuneihna chin te, dan an siam theihna chin te a rel fel thliah a ni. 

Hlawm lian deuhin Central leh State ah hian a ṭhen phawk theih a. State Sorkar dawtah hian District level leh a hnuailamah te thuneitu, ‘sorkar te’, tual­chhung sorkar siamna tur ruangam a buatsaih bawk a ni. India Danpui siamṭhat 73na leh 74na ah kum 1992 khan hei hi duan a ni a, 73na hian thingtlang lama hman tur Panchayati Raj Institution, ‘Panchayats’ tia hriat tak hi a duang a. India Danpui Part IX (Art 243-243-O) ah dahluh a ni a, 74na hian khawpui lama tualchhung sorkar dinna tur a siam thung a, ‘Municipalities’ tia kan hriat zui tak hi a ni a, Part IX-A (243P-243ZG) ah dahluh a ni. 

An thuneihna tur chin pawh India Danpui Schedule 11 leh 12 ah te dahluh an ni a, State sorkarin chumi zinga thuneihna a pek ang chin zel chu an thuneihna tur a ni. 

India Danpui Siamṭhat 73na a Panchayati Raj Insti­tution ang hi Mizoramah kan hmang ve lova, India danpui Art. 243-M in min awl vang a ni a. Kan hmang ve duh a nih chuan State Legislature in member hmun thuma ṭhena hmun hnih pawmpui resolution a siam hmangin kan hmang ve thei a ni. 

British-in India ram a awp khan tlang mi hnam ṭhenkhat, ziarang hrang te chu inrelbawlna dan hran, dan min siamsak a. India Danpui kan lo neih tak pawh khan India Danpui hnuaia Schedule paruknaah chuan tlang mi, hnam ziarang hrang ṭhenkhat pualin inrelbawlna siamsak kan ni. 

Kum 1952 khan India Danpui hnuaia Schedule parukna hmang hian Assam State hnuaiah District Council kan lo nei ta a. ‘Lushai Hills District Council’ (Kum 1954 ah ‘Mizo District Council’ tia thlak tak) chu April 25, 1952 ah chuan hawn a lo ni ta a ni. Hetih lai hian chhim lamah chuan Pawi - Lakher Regional Council chu India Danpui Schedule parukna hnuaiah vek hian din a ni bawk. 

Mizoram chu UT a hlankai a nih khan Pawi Lakher Regional Council aṭang hian Autonomous District Council Pathum a piang zui a, vawiin thlengin a la awm ta a ni.

India Danpui a Sixth Schedule paragraph 3, sub-para(1) clause (e) leh (f) chuan District Council te chu ‘Village Council din phalna a pek angin ‘Lushai Hills District (Village Council) Act 1953’ hmangin ‘Village Council’ hi din a ni a. Assam Sorkar gazette-ah December 9, 1953 ah tihchhuah a ni. 

Kum 1954 ah Village Council inthlan hmasa ber chu neih a ni a, hmun hrang hrangah a rual lova neih a ni a, August 16 1954 ah a rualin an ding ṭan thung a ni. 

Kum 1954 ah Assam Lushai Hills District (Acqui­sition of Chief’s Rights) Act, 1954 hmang chuan Mizo khawtlang rorelnaa thuneitu sang tak, Lal te chu ban an lo ni zui ta a, 1956 a lo her chhuah chuan lal te chu ban kim an lo ni ta a ni. District Council leh Village Council te chuan khawtlang rorelna kawngah chuan a lo luahlan chho ta a ni. 

Hun leh ni te a ral a, Dis­trict aṭanga UT leh State te hial kan neih hnu pawhin Schedule parukna hnuaia kan Village Council chu kan la hmang ta zel a. Auto­nomous District Council dang pathumah erawh chuan anmahni puala ADC ṭheuhin an dan siam hmangin Village Council te hi din a ni a. ADC pawn lama Village Council dan, Lushai Hills  District (Village Council) Act 1953 leh a hnuaia dan tesep nen hian a inang lo thung a ni. 

Tun ṭumah erawh ADC pawn lam a Village Council te bik kan thlur dawn a ni. Local Council tobul leh nihphung hi Village Council nen a inang lova. India Danpui siamthat 74-na, 1992 chuan khawpuia inrelbawlna tur kalphung a duang a. Chutah chuan State hrang hrang a khawpui te inrelbawlna tur ruangam te a duang a. Hemi dan behchhan hian ‘The Mizoram Municipalities Act, 2007’ chu Aizawl a hman turin Mizoram Sorkar rorel khawl, Legislative Assembly chuan dan a lo siam ta a. He dan hmang hian Kum 2010 khan Aizawl Municipal Council inthlan hmasa ber neiin khawpui sorkar te, Aizawl Municipal Council (Corporation ni ta) chu kan lo nei ta a ni. The Mizoram Municipalities Act, 2007 behchhan hian AMC huamchhung chu bial hrang hrangah ṭhen a ni a. He dan (Act) hmang hian dan tesep hrang hrang zingah, The Mizoram Municipalities (Ward Committee and Local Council Rules) 2010 chu siam a lo ni ta a. He dan tesep hmang hian tun hmaa Village Council ni ṭhin, AMC in a huam tak te chu Local Council hian a lo thlak ta a. Kum 2010 khan Local Council inthlan hmasa ber chu neih a ni ta a ni. An thuneihna leh mawhphurhna pawh Village Council nen a inang chiah lo deuh a ni.

Village Council thuneihna leh mawhphurhna : Village Council te thuneihna hnar Lian ber chu Lushai Hills District (Village Councils) Act 1953 hi a ni a ( Hei hi siamṭhat/amend zeuh zeuh a lo ni tawh a ni). He dan hnuaiah hian dan tesep (rules) hrang hrang eng emaw zat siam a ni bawk a. A ṭhen chu hman zui an ni tawh lova, a ṭhen chu dan dangin a luahlan zui takte an awm nual bawk. Village Council innghahna dan, Lushai Hills (Village Council) Act 1953 (2014 a siamṭhat thleng) in thuneihna leh mawhphurhna a pek langsar zualte chu : 

i)    State Sorkarin ruahmanna a siam hnuaiah tlang ram lo neihna atana ram ṭheh te, hnatlang koh te;

ii)    Veng/khua hmasawnna tur ruahman te, State sorkarin mi (agency) hrang hrang hmanga kan veng/khuaa hmasawnna hna a thawh lo endik te, kan veng/khua a sorkarin hmasawnna hna a thawh hrang hrang a lo pui te;

iii)    Chhiatna a lo thlena ṭanpuina leh chhawmawlna hna thawh te, khawtlanga hmasawnna hnathawhte dik taka kalpui a nih theihna atan ruahmanna leh a taka kalpui dan a inmil em tih endik tur a social audit neih te, Ration sem kan tih ang chi (public distribution system) kenkawhna kawngah State Sorkar ṭawiawm te, bawlhhlawh paih chungchang buaipuite.

Hei bakah hian State sorkarin a ruahman anga chhiah lak theihna an nei a, hei hi a taka la kalpui loh niin a lang.

Village Council thuneihna hi huam kim taka sawi harsa tak a ni a. Dan hrang hrang fawmkhawm ngai a nih avangin a zualpui chauh kan sawi thei dawn a ni. 

The Mizoram (Land Revenue) Act, 2013 chuan Village Council te thuneihna leh mawhphurhna a pe nual bawk a; tlang ram lo neih (jhumming) ti ṭhin khuaah chuan tlang ram lo neih aiah ‘special economic programme’ atan State Sorkarin ruahmanna a siam ang zulzuiin ram ruak ṭheh te ( Sec 14(3), ‘Survey leh settlement operation’ tih lohnaah chuan ‘pass’ pek theihna te (Sec  21(3), Village Master Plan siamna kawngah Revenue Officer te pui te, Village Site Plan tihna khua/veng ah chuan ‘House Site’ pek theihna te (Sec 39) an nei a ni.

Ni Za Inhlawhna kan tih mai, MGNREGA ‘Operational Guidelines 2013, 4th Edition’ chuan Village Council te hi thuneihna a pe nual bawk a ni. Job Card atana dilna dawn leh card pekchhuah (issue) te, Chhungkaw tin chhinchhiahna buatsaih te, Sum che vel chhinchhiahna (account) vawn te, sum hmanna lehkha (utilization certificate) fel tak Central/State sorkar ruahman anga siam te, sum hmanna, a lut leh chhuakte leh kum khat chhunga hmalakna kimchang report siama Vantlang Rorelna (Gram Sabha) ah kimchang takin social audit (vantlang endik) tura chhawpchhuah te, hnathawh endik leh thil dang eng emaw zat pawimawh tak takte a tel a ni.

Hetiang a nih avang hian kan tarlan tel sen loh Sorkar scheme/programme hrang hrang hnuaiah Village Council te hian thuneihna hemi bak pawh eng emaw zat an nei a, hetiang programme/scheme dan leh kaihhruainate hi uluk taka en a pawimawh hle. Village Council te hian langtlang taka an mawhphurhna an hlen a ṭul a. Mipuite pawhin Vantlang Rorel neih hi ngaihpawimawh a ṭul a. VC-te thuneihna hi a nih ang taka kalpui turin Sorkar lama thuneitute pawhin dik taka thil kalpui a, VC thuneihna hi chhuhsak loh a pawimawh hle.

Vantlang Rorelna (Gram Sabha) leh a thuneihna : Village Council tin huamchhungah hian kum tin Vantlang Rorelna chu vawi 3 tal neih tur a ni a, Vantlang Rorel nei tur hian electoral roll thar ber a hming chuang chin zaa sawm tal an kal tur a ni. Dan naranin VC President in Vantlang Rorel hi a kaihruai tur a ni.

Vantlang Rorel (Gram Sabha) hian thuneihna pawimawh tak tak a neih zingah chuan retheite dawmkanna hrang hrang dawngtu (beneficiaries) tur zawnchhuah (identification) leh thlan (selection) te, sorkar ṭanpuina dang hrang hrangah pawh chutiang hna thawh te; Vantlang thil humhalh te, khawtlang hmasawnna tura kum tin ruahmanna leh project leh programme hrang hrang pawm leh chutiang ruahmanna hnate thawh a nih dawna pawm te an ni a. Tin, Gram Sabha leh Village Council hi mi chhawmdawlna pek an nih dawnin rawn hmasak ngei an ni tur a ni. ( Lushai Hills District (Village Council) Act 1953) Ni za inhlawhna kan tih mai, MNREGA ‘Operational Guidelines 2013, 4th Edition’ chuan Vantlang Rorelna (Gram Sabha ) hi thuneihna a pe sang em em a – hnathawh tur rawttu leh hna thawh dan tur a ngaihpawimawh hmasak azira a tahtawla kal dan tur kawngah thutlukna tawp siam theitu a ni a ti. An huamchhunga he hna thawhte endik te, dik takin kalpui a ni em tih endik tura social audit neihte leh implementing agency hnen aṭanga an mamawh ang information pawimawh lak te a huam a ni. Vantlang rorelna pawimawihna leh mipui rorelna lungphum inghahna bul a nih dan hi mipui leh VC member-te ngei pawhin kan la hre fiah tawk zo lo deuh ni hian a lang a. Tin, VC lamin thutlukna tur nei sa deuh rohin a hminga Vantlang Rorelna ko ve satliah mai hi kan awm nual ṭhin a, hei hian mi tam tak rilruah Gram Sabha hi awmze nei em em lova ngaihna a siamin khaw ṭhenkhatah chuan rorelna hmuna tel pawh an chak loh phah ṭhin a ni. Mipuite leh khawtlang hruaitute'n he Vangtlang Rorelna hi ṭangkai leh awmze nei zawka kan hman thiam a; khawtlang inrelbawlna langtlang leh mi tam ber te duhdan anga thutlukna siam a nih theihna tura beih a ṭul a ni. 

Tlangkawmna

District Council aṭanga State-a hlankai kan nihna pawh kum eng emaw zat a ni ta a. Autonomous District Council pawn lamah chuan Village Council leh State Sorkar inkarah hian District Council a  awm ve ta lova, a kar hi a zau ta hle. Mipui rorelna sorkar tihchakna leh State sorkara thuneihna mi tlem te kuta a insawrkhawm lohna atan Village Council/Local Council te hi tihchak a, thuneihna pawh hei aia tam zawk pek te, kan dan neih te pawh siamṭhat a ṭul ta hle. Khawtlang hruaitu kan thlan thar te te pawhin kan khua/veng hmasawnna hi thupui bera nei tur leh kan awm chhan a ni tih hre tharin party-politics hrisel lo leh therhloin a tihbuai phak loha hna thawk tak tak thei tura rilru lam inpuahchah pawh a ṭul viauin a rinawm. Tualchhung sorkar hi mipui rorelna bulṭhut a nih vangin ngaihpawimawh a ṭul hle a. Dan kan neihsa ang angte hi a nihna ang taka hman chuan tualchhung sorkara mipui rorelna ṭha zawk neihna atan hmanraw ṭangkai tak a ni thei bawk a. Village Council leh Local Council te hi NGO nen ngaihfin lovin, mipuite thlan lal, tualchhung sorkar, dan anga din ngei a nihna leh a pawimawhnate hi hriat thar fo a ṭul a. Sorkar hnathawk, Village Council/Local Council nen inhne hnaia he lama thawktu leh State sorkar pawhin an pawimawhna hre chiang a, party politics dahṭhain an thuneihna leh chanvote palzut mai lova ngaihpawimawh leh tihchak deuh deuh a ṭul hle. State sorkara roreltu leh Village/Local level-a roreltute party lawina inan loh vanga hnathawk hlei thei lo khawpa rorelna chiri leh politics-a inbeihnate pawh kalsan a hun tawh hle a ni.